Irregular verbs

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- *All the food we won't eat util later has been frozen. - Brrr. I'm freezing. Isn't there any heating in here? (Expression we use when we feel very cold.) Syn. or meaning - *place in conditions below 0º centigrade / Celsius.

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- *At the zoo we threw some peanuts to the elephants. They didn't eat them though. - You shouldn't throw rubbish in the park. (Discard in a careless way.) Syn. or meaning - *send something from your hand. Ant. catch.

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- *I fell and hurt my knee. (Also common "fall down", "fall over", "fall off".) - They fell in love at first sight and got married a month later. Syn. or meaning - *move downwards pulled by gravity.

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- *I forgot to take my scarf with me this morning. I felt very cold. - The father takes his children to school every day. (Transport in car etc. or accompany someone.) - Please take a sandwich. (Reach out and hold something.) - Lets take a bite to eat. I'm hungry. (eat something) - It took me / I took / 25 minutes to get to work this morning. (time taken) - The guard took turns with his colleague. (alternate) - She's not here at the moment. Can I take a message? (Write something down.) Syn. or meaning - *to carry.

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- *I've spent too much money. Now I haven't got enough. - He spent two weeks in Tenerife on holiday. He had a great time. Syn. or meaning - *buy things etc. with money.

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- Can you lend me some money? I haven't been paid this month. Syn. or meaning - give something on condition it is returned.

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- I`ve been bitten by a mosquito and it hurts. - The dog bit her and made her cry. - She bit into the pizza. Syn. or meaning - close mouth parts on something.

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- It was a terrible thing you did to me but I forgive you. Syn. or meaning - stop feeling angry with someone who has done you harm.

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- Money can't buy you love. Syn. or meaning - obtain something by giving money. Ant. sell.

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- *He fed the dog biscuits once a day. - The programmer has fed the computer with new data. (input) Syn. or meaning - *give food to.

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- *I've driven to work today. My car's parked outside. - He's driving me crazy with his strange ideas. (Make somebody confused and upset.) Syn. or meaning - *control a vehicle in movement.

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- *Can you see that bird over there? No, I can't. - Read this explanation and you'll see what I mean... Do you see now? (understand) - I'm going to see my grandmother. I haven't been to her house for ages. (visit) - He's seeing another girl. I think he really likes her. (have an amorous relationship) Syn. or meaning - *perceive with the eyes. (Note we usually say "can you see?" and "I can't see" and not usually "do you see" or "I don't see" when we talk about perception. However, in the past tense, we say "Did you see that bird?".)

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- *Have you read Crime and Punishment? It's a fascinating book. - I read History at University. (study) Syn. or meaning - *look at and understand written words.

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- *He said he was coming to see us today. (Use "say" here when there is no indirect object. Compare with "tell".)) - *What did he say to you? (We don't usually say "say you".) Syn. or meaning - *communicate with spoken words via the vocal chords and mouth.

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- *I found a lovely restaurant in the city centre today. - She found her lost cat. (Relocate by searching something or someone lost. Ant. lose.) - I find irregular verbs very difficult to learn. (Have a feeling or opinion about something.) Syn. or meaning - *discover by chance.

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- I forgot to tell you, I can't go to the party tonight. Syn. or meaning - remember.

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It stinks in here. I think it's your feet. Syn. or meaning - *to smell badly. This verb is very colloquial.

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It's forbidden to smoke here. There's a sign that says "no smoking". Syn. or meaning - not allow. Ant. allow, give permission.

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- *Can you give me a pen, please? - He's given away all his money. (Give something for free.) Syn. or meaning - *hand something to somebody else. Ant. take.

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- *Can you hold this, please, while I put my jacket on. - Hold the line, please. I'll see if she's in the office. (wait) (Telephone language only.) - These slim pillars hold the weight of the entire palace. (support) Syn. or meaning - *support something in your hand. Ant. drop.

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- *Cheetahs can run extremely fast. They are the fastest animals on Earth. - *I go running every morning. It keeps you fit. (as a sport) - He runs a marketing business. He started the business last year. (To be in charge of) - Click here to start the programme running. (function) Syn. or meaning - *move fast, usually on legs.

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- *Did you hear that noise? No, I didn't hear anything. (Note how past simple and usually not present perfect is used in the example above. This verb is used to talk about the perception of sound. Compare with "listen" which is used when we pay attention to the sound eg. "I love listening to opera music". - Have you heard the news? We're going on strike. (learn about something) (Note how present perfect is used here.) Syn. or meaning - *perceive sound.

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- *He put the flowers in a vase then he put the vase on the table. - They put their grandmother in an old people's home. It was difficult to look after her at home. - Put yourself in my shoes. What would you do? Syn. or meaning - *place (usually an object). Also see set, which can have the same meaning.

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- *He was sitting in the armchair watching television. He looked a very lazy person. (state) - *I eventually found a seat on the train and sat down. (action) - The books sat on the shelf for many years. (to situate) Syn. or meaning - *place your bottom on something. Usually to rest. Ant. stand.

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- *He was standing by the door smoking a cigarette. (state) - *We stood up when the president walked in. (action) - The castle has stood on that hill for over 600 years. - I can't stand tomato soup. It makes me feel ill. (hate, detest) Usually only used in the negative.) Syn. or meaning - *Be in an upright position. The state form of the verb eg. "was standing" is quite a common verb in English. Other languages may just use the verb "to be". Ant. sit.

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- *He won the marathon race for the first time. Probably because his opponent was ill. - He won a lot of money in the lottery. He says he's going to buy a yacht. Syn. or meaning - *Be the first in a race or competition. Compare with "beat". Ant. lose.

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- *I burnt the toast. - *The chicken burnt in the oven. - *The painting were burnt during the fire in the art gallery. - After many years in the classroom, the teacher was burnt out. (Exhausted from teaching.) Syn. or meaning - *cook something so much it goes black. Something is destroyed by fire.

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- *I cut myself while I was peeling the potatoes. - The company cut salaries by 10% due to the recession. (reduce) - Homeless people often feel cut off from the rest of society. (isolate) Syn. or meaning - *make an opening or wound with a knife etc.

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- *I haven't much money on me. (Also used alone to mean the same as "have got". It may sound more formal.) - I have got a lot of work today. (In spoken English, often combines as an auxiliary with got to talk about possession). - I had a hot shower this morning. I feel much better. (to shower) - We haven't had a rest all day. We're very tired. (to rest) - I was hungry at lunchtime so I had something to eat. (to eat) - I never find time to have breakfast. (to breakfast) - My daughter had a temperature of 39ºC. She was quite ill. - I had a drink with John yesterday. Well, we had two or three, in fact. (drink a glass, cup etc. of something. Here, alcohol.) - They had to leave their home. They couldn't pay the rent. How terrible! ("had to" used for obligation.) - I had the lawn cut yesterday (when we ask somebody to do something for us. Also "get") Syn. or meaning - *to possess.

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- *I know Mary very well. We grew up together in London. - *I never knew him well; I only met him on one occasion. - *I knew what she was going to say before she even spoke. - *I got married last year. Really! I didn't know that. (Note preference for past simple here and not present perfect.) Syn. or meaning - *have information about something or someone. Don't confuse with "meet" when talking about people.

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- *I left the medicine on the top shelf so my little daughter couldn't reach it. - I leave home a 8.00 at get to work at 8.30. - I left my keys at home this morning. Now I can't open the office. (forget) - Mary has left her husband again. He feels very lonely now. (break a relationship, abandon) - I can't do this crossword. I'm going to leave it. (stop doing something) - Sorry, Mrs Davis isn't here. She left the company six months ago. (stop working somewhere) Syn. or meaning - *Put in a particular place.

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- *I met Carmen in the street today. She said 'hello'. - *I met a nice girl at the party. - *We're meeting on Monday. There is a lot to talk about. - *I met up with my friends. We had a beer together. - He met with a sorry end. He was killed by a mad elephant. (Experience something, often bad.) Syn. or meaning - *encounter somebody, intentionally or by chance, either for the first time or repeatedly.

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- *I paid the restaurant bill for everybody. It was very expensive. - That was a terrible thing you did. You'll pay for this. (Give compensation, not necessarily money.) Syn. or meaning - *give money in exchange for something.

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- *I shut all the windows in the house because there was a bad smell from the factory. - The shops were all shut last Friday. We couldn't go shopping. (not open for business) - Shut up, will you? You're always talking too much. Syn. or meaning - *close. (In this meaning there's no difference between the two verbs.) Ant. open.

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- *I swept the kitchen floor this morning. It's nice and clean now. - Many of the tin houses were swept away in the hurricane. (Destroyed and blown away.) - Dave swept Mary off her feet. She's married to him now. (Charm and seduce someone in a romantic way.) Syn. or meaning - *remove dust and dirt from a surface usually with a brush.

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- *I tore my jeans while I was climbing over the fence. - You must tear off the receipt at the bottom of the page. (detach) - He's torn the ligaments in his knee. It happened while he was playing football. (damage) - The car tore off down the road. He was trying to escape the police. (move quickly) Syn. or meaning - *damage a material or soft tissue by pulling it apart, piercing it with something sharp etc. Compare with "break" for hard materials.

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- *I understand English better than I speak it. - We still don't understand what happened exactly. It's a mystery. (know what happens) - I think John feels depressed because nobody understands him. He's convinced he's right and everybody else is wrong. (know how somebody feels) - It was understood that we would have to abandon the project. (agreed) Syn. or meaning - *comprehend. To recognise the meaning of the words of a language. Ant. misunderstand, misinterpret.

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- *I woke (up) early this morning but I stayed in bed. - *I wake (up) my little sister every morning. If I don't, she'll keep on sleeping. - I think we have to wake up to the fact that the crisis means salary cuts for all the company staff. (become aware) Syn. or meaning - *to come out of sleep. Also see "awake". Ant. sleep.

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- *I've got a new car. I only bought it yesterday. - *I've got (Am.E gotten) the newspaper this morning. (Go and buy, fetch etc. and then bring back. In Am.E "got" as a past participle is used only for the state of possession eg. "I've got a pen in my hand" and "gotten" is used for the action. In Br.E only "got" is used.) - I got my hair cut yesterday. Do you like it? (Instruct someone to cut your hair. Compare with: "I cut my hair" if you cut your own hair. Also: "have") - She got home late and missed her dinner. (arrive) - I got the bus to work. (Used for public transport. Means "catch" - The thief got in through the window. He broke the lock. (Enter into a place with some difficulty eg. we say "I got into my car" but "I went into my house". "Get" is used with "car" as we must bend down to access it.) - He got angry when he heard he had lost his job. (To move from a state of well-being to anger - also see "become".) - the boss got rid of her secretary because she was not a good worker. (To tell someone to go.) - He got rid of all his old computer equipment. (throw away) - Did you get my email? (receive) Syn. or meaning - *to have, possess, obtain. More notes and examples of the verb "get"...

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- *I've learnt a lot this year thanks to the wonderful teacher I've had. - I was surprised to learn that she'd studied all her irregular verbs. (find out, discover) - Yes, she's learnt the whole list by heart. (memorise) Syn. or meaning - *gain knowledge. (There is no difference in meaning or register between "learnt" and "learned".) Ant. teach.

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- *I've lost my dog. Have you seen him? - I got lost in Madrid. I didn't have a map. (Not be able to find your way.) - I don't think he should be in this English class. He's completely lost. (not understand) - Get lost, creep! (Go away. Insulting.) Syn. or meaning - *mislay, not be able to find. Ant. find

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- *I've spoken to my boss and he's agreed to give me a pay rise. - Do you speak English? I can speak it a little bit. (able to use a language) Syn. or meaning - *have a conversation.

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- *I've thought about this a lot but I'm still not sure. - I now think you're right. (have an opinion) - Do you believe in God? Yes. I think so. (have an opinion) - Just think how wonderful it would be to have a lot of money. (imagine) - The project has taken longer than we thought. (expect) Syn. or meaning - *use your mind to consider something.

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- *It cost me a lot of money; about $1000! - *How much does it cost? About 2 euros. - The awful cost of the war in death and suffering. (damage) - Getting that book for you cost me a lot of time and effort. (caused) Syn. or meaning - *money you need to buy something. The price of something.

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- *John came to my party last week. - Please come in and sit down. (enter into a house, room etc.) - She rang her friends many times but nobody answered. She came to the conclusion that they were on holiday. (Reach a particular state of mind.) - At last, the long winter came to an end. (Reach a particular state.) Syn. or meaning - *move towards the person speaking. Ant. Go.

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- *John has grown. He's now nearly 1 metre 80cms. - We grew up in the countryside. It was a lovely time in our lives. (spend childhood) - My parents grew tomatoes in the garden. (cultivate) Syn. or meaning - *to get bigger (for people usually taller) Ant. shrink, get smaller.

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- *Let me help you. I know how to do it. - *Let us be friends (rather formal with "us".) - We've let the house for a year. that way we make some money while we're abroad. (rent) Syn. or meaning - *allow

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- *My car was stolen last night. I don't know where it is now. - He always tries to steal the show by telling lots of jokes and being funny. ("Steal the show" = be the most popular.) - The deer stole quietly away without being seen by the pack of lions. (move with care so as not to be detected.) Syn. or meaning - *take something not yours. ("Steal" has a different meaning from "rob", which usually means to take something inside a place eg. "to rob a car" usually means to take something that was inside the car.)

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- *My leg hurts. I think it's because I hit it against the door. (When talking about parts of body note possessive adjective used "my" etc.) - She hurt me a lot when she left me. (Cause someone pain: physical or psychological.) Syn. or meaning - *feel pain.

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- *My teacher has taught me English for 6 years. I've learnt a lot. - That car accident taught me a lesson. I'll never drive fast again. (Learn from a negative experience.) Syn. or meaning - *give lessons or information so that others learn. Ant. learn.

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- *Set it down here carefully. It'll look nice on this table. - The hijackers decided to set the hostages free. (Cause someone or something to be in a particular way.) - The film was set in the Wild West. (to base) - Can you set the table? We've got some friends coming for lunch. (Place knives and forks etc. that you need to eat a meal.) - The sun sets at 6.15pm today. (to go below horizon) Syn. or meaning - *place in a particular position, put.

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- *She bet $100 on the horse and won a lot of money. - Do you like Santa Monica? You bet! (Yes, I do very much.) Syn. or meaning - *Put down money so as to win more.

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- *She brought take-away meals home for all the family. - I was brought up by my aunt. (Given food, a home, etc. as a child.) Syn. or meaning - *carry something towards you. Ant. take.

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- *She hit her boyfriend on the nose because he had insulted her. - The car hit the pedestrian. Luckily nobody was hurt. (Come against something or someone with force.) - The family have been badly hit by the crisis. (effect) Syn. or meaning - *use hand or object against something with force.

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- *She's wearing that awful coat again. It's an ugly article of clothing. - He like to wear his hair long with a short beard. (to style) - Mary's face wore a look of surprise. (expression on face) - When you drive you should use the gears to slow down. If you use the brakes too much, they'll wear (out) very quickly. Syn. or meaning - *have an article of clothing on your body. "Wear" is also used for jewellery, glasses etc.

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- *Tell me what happened. - Tell me a story, Dad, before I go to sleep. (Read or recite a story to somebody.) Syn. or meaning - *Give information orally, say. (The difference between say and tell is that in this sense "tell" needs to be followed immediately by the indirect object ie. the person eg. "tell me".

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- *The President has been shot. I don't know if he's dead. - They shot the film in our town. Tom Cruise was here. (make a film) Syn. or meaning - *fire a bullet from a gun etc.

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- *The artists drew a beautiful picture. - I must draw out money from the bank because I haven't got any. (take out) - What conclusions did you draw after reading the report. (Have an idea after you have studied something.) Syn. or meaning - *make marks on paper with a pencil.

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- *The best way to repair it is to stick it with glue. - *The rice stuck to the bottom of the pan. It was difficult to get it off. - When she stuck the pin into the balloon, it burst. (Put something sharp into something else.) - I can't stick this job; it's terrible and I want to find another. (endure) Syn. or meaning - *adhere two surfaces so they remain attached.

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- *The church bells rang during the wedding. - *When the phone rang, I picked it up immediately. - I'd like to invite Jane to my party. Good idea! Why don't you ring her? (telephone) - Do you know Samantha? I'm not sure but the name rings a bell. (vaguely remind) Syn. or meaning - *make a bell sound.

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- *The old lady has hidden the money under her bed. - The fox hid in the bush to escape the dogs. (Go to a place where you won't be seen.) - I have nothing to hide; I am totally innocent. (Keep something a secret.) Syn. or meaning - *put in a place where it won't be found. Ant. reveal.

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- *The old man kept all his dead wife's letters in a little tin box. - Let's keep walking, we must get there soon. (continue) (Note always followed by verb + "ing" in this sense.) - We kept a record of all the money we spent on holiday. (maintain) Syn. or meaning - *put in a place during a period of time. Store.

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- *The picture clearly showed the beauty of the landscape. - I showed my friends my holiday photos. They weren't very interested. - If he was upset or not, I don't know. It didn't show on his face. (not be visible) Syn. or meaning - *depict, make clear.

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- *The sun sank in the west as the day ended. - The Titanic sank in 1912. It was a terrible disaster. (fall below the surface of the water. Often by accident.) - Our spirits sank when we heard about the budget cutbacks. (become disheartened) Syn. or meaning - *move down. Ant. rise.

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- *The vase fell on the floor and broke into many pieces. - *She broke her leg skiing. - Roger Banister was the first to break the world record for running the mile. Syn. or meaning - *destroy something (usually something hard - compare "tear" for paper etc.) by hitting it, letting it fall etc. so it becomes smaller pieces. Compare with "tear" for soft materials.

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- *The wind blew hard that day and the trees shook. - They blew up the balloons for the party. (Use lungs or pump to put air into something.) - Terrorists have blown up a building but nobody was injured. (Destroy with explosives.) Syn. or meaning - *movement of air.

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- *They built an ugly block of flats next to the beach. - As a company, we need to build a good relationship with our clients. (develop) Syn. or meaning - *construct with bricks etc. Ant. pull down, demolish.

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- *This company makes office furniture. - *He doesn't cook very well but he makes delicious cakes. (Here, mix ingredients and bake. Also make the dinner and other dishes.) - The cleaner is very good; she makes the beds too. (Arrange the sheets and blankets on the bed.) - John is a very friendly person. He makes friends easily. (People like him.) - She made a reservation (booking) for her foreign trip. (complete some transaction) - I couldn't make the class last week. I was ill. (attend) - I didn't make it to work on time this morning. My car broke down. (arrive) Syn. or meaning - *construct or prepare something by putting different components together. There may be confusion with "do", which can have a similar meaning but is used in different contexts.

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- *Throw the ball to me and I'll catch it. - The fishermen didn't catch any fish today. Their nets were empty. (To get a fish using a net or fishing rod.) - I caught the bus to work this morning. (Take the bus as transport. Also "get") - He caught a bad cold and couldn't go to school. (Became ill with a cold.) Syn. or meaning - *secure something moving in the air using your hand. Ants. throw (send something into the air with your hand), drop (something falls to the ground because you can't catch it). Ant. throw.

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- *We dug a hole to plant a tree. - *The English love to dig their gardens. - The police dug into the suspects past and found out he's been in prison. (investigate) Syn. or meaning - *escavate, break up the soil.

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- *We went shopping last Friday. - She has gone away (and hasn't come back). - She has been away (and now she has come back). - Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I went there last weekend. - I went out for a drink with my friends. (social activity) - Go up in the lift. (ascend) Go down a hill. (descend) - She went blue with cold. (become, expresses a change) Syn. or meaning - *move away from speaker. Ant. come.

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- *What does this mean? I don't know. My English is very bad. - I'm sorry I said that. I didn't mean to be rude. (intend) Syn. or meaning - *signify.

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- *When he won the race, he beat his closest rival. - You can't make an omelette without beating eggs. (Mix together with a fork.) - He was jailed for beating his dog. (Hit to cause pain.) Syn. or meaning - *to do better than another (competition or race). Compare with "win". Ant. to lose to somebody.

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- *You lead the way. I don't know where to go. - *Zapatero led the Socialist party in Spain for many years. (be the leader) - The marketing campaign led to an increase in sales. (to result) Syn. or meaning - *go in front and others follow.

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- After they had fought, the cat and dog were badly injured. - John and Mary aren't talking today. They fought last night. Syn. or meaning - attack another (physically or by intense argument). Ant. make up (reconcile).

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- Birds fly through the air. - We flew to Madrid last month. It was quicker than going by train. (travel by plane) Syn. or meaning - move through the air by self-propulsion.

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- Can you ride a horse? - I've ridden my bicycle to work today. I don't like driving the car. - We went riding in the mountains last weekend. I love horses. - My daughter rode on all the rides at the fair. She had a great time. Syn. or meaning - journey in or on a vehicle, machine or animal.

Jis tapo labai piktas kuomet pamatė ką jie padarė jo automobiliui

- He became very angry when he saw what they had done to his car. - She became fatter and fatter over the years. Syn. or meaning - to change (process - also see "get", which means the same but is more informal.).

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- He chose the blue one because it was his favourite colour. Syn. or meaning - select one or more from a group of things.

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- He wept bitterly at his friend's funeral. Syn. or meaning - cry. "Weep" is quite literary ie. used in novels.

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- I don't feel very well; my stomach hurts. - I feel people are criticising me. - I felt it move. - How do you feel about visiting us next week? Syn. or meaning - sensations experienced wither psychologically or physically.

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- I need to sew a button on this shirt. There's one missing. Syn. or meaning - *attach using cotton thread.

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- I slept very well last night. I didn't wake up until nine o'clock. - John has been asleep since 10 o'clock last night. I think he was very tired. (be sleeping) Syn. or meaning - *lose consciousness naturally. Usually a daily occurrence. Ant. be awake. (Note that the state of this action is "to be asleep" and the action "to sleep". We can't say "I was asleep well" to mean "I slept well. "However, "sleep" can be a state too: "he was sleeping" = "he was asleep". Compare with wake and awake.)

Aš dažniausiai atsikeliu anksti

- I usually awake / wake / wake up early. - he was awoken/woken by a dog. - "awake" is usually used as an adjective eg. - I was awake all night. Syn. or meaning - to come out of a sleep. Ant. to go to sleep.

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- I've eaten all I want. I'm not hungry now. Syn. or meaning - take in solid food through the mouth.

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- John sent Mary some flowers for her birthday. She received them today. - I've sent an email to all my friends. Syn. or meaning - transmit something often via a postal or electronic system. Ant. receive, get.

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- Shakespeare wrote a large number of tragedies and comedies. - I've written to my mother to give her my latest news. Syn. or meaning - record words using a pen or pencil.

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- She began to cry when she found out the terrible news. Syn. or meaning - start. Ant. finish, stop.

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- She's drunk about 6 pints of beer tonight. She can't drive home. Syn. or meaning - take in liquids through the mouth.

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- The boy flung his coat on the bed and his mother told him to hang it up properly. Syn. or meaning - throw in a very uncontrolled way.

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- The migrating salmon swam up the river. Syn. or meaning - propel through water.

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- The sun rises in the morning. - Prices have risen by 2% this month. Things are more expensive. Syn. or meaning - Go up physically or figuratively. - Our spirits rose when we heard the good news. (become happier) Ant. sink, go down.

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- The sun shone all day last Saturday. It was so warm that we went swimming. - Can you shine the torch here? I can't see what I'm doing. Syn. or meaning - emit light from some source.

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- We've sold our house at last. We're moving out next month. Syn. or meaning - give something in exchange for money. Ant. buy.

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- When I phoned, there was no answer. (Saying something exists. there is, there are, there was, there were, there has been etc.) - Madrid is a long way from Seville (is situated). - The meeting is next Monday. (happening at a place or time) - I was a Mary's house yesterday. (attend an event) - Have you ever been to Edinburgh? Yes, I've been there twice. (to visit) - I'm from the UK. Where are you from? (where native country is) - My wife is a nurse. (Used to name things.) - It's went and windy today. Yes, it's a shame. (Linking verb for describing situations and giving opinions.) - It's Friday and five minutes to five. (Linking verb for talking about the day and the time.) - Is your jacket plastic? No, it's made of leather. (Linking verb for saying what something is nade of.) - Is this yours? No, it's John's. (Linking verb to say who something belongs to.)

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- Whitney Houston used to sing very beautifully. Syn. or meaning - emit words with a melody via the vocal chords and mouth.

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- You've done a good job on this report. Well done! - Can you do this for me? I don't know how to do it. - Do your English homework before you do the housework. - Do the washing-up, do the dishes, do the ironing etc. - The company wants to do business with the supplier. Syn. or meaning - complete an action. Similar to make (but often we can't substitute make for do eg. "do business" not "make business". See make...)