Irrigation Terminology

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Atmospheric Vacuum Beaker (AVB)

A backflow prevention device installed between the remote control valve and sprinklers in non continuous pressure applications.

Backflow Prevention Device

A device required by law, on an irrigation system that prevents water from re-entering the potable water line once it flows into the irrigation pipes

Manifold

A group of control valves located together in the same area.

Station

A group of sprinklers that is controlled by the same remote control valve; same as a zone.

Zone

A group of sprinklers that operate together and are controlled by the same remote control valve.

PVC Pipe

Poly Vinyl Chloride pipe; the most common used pipe in irrigation systems.

Head to Head Spacing

Refers to the spacing distances of sprinklers when they do not exceed the radius of the sprinklers.

FPS

The abbreviation for "feet per second;" refers to the velocity of water in pipes.

GPM

The abbreviation for "gallons per minute;" unit of measure for water flow.

POC

The abbreviation for "point of connection." This is the location on the irrigation system where a tap is made for connection of a backflow prevention device or water meter.

PSI

The abbreviation for "pounds per square inch;" which is a unit of measure for water pressure.

Evaporation

The change by which any substance is converted from a liquid state to a vapor.

Radius

The circular area extending from the center of a circle to the outside curve.

Water Main

The city water pipe located in the street or right of way.

Shut Off Valve

The component in the irrigation system that allows manual shut off of water to all components downstream.

Remote Control Valve

The component in the irrigation system that regulates the On/Off of water from the main line to the sprinkler heads; activated by the controller; same as in-line valve.

In Line Valve

The component in the irrigation system that regulates the On/Off of water from the main line to the sprinkler heads; activated by the controller; same as remote control valve.

Timer

The device that sends timing commands to remote control valves for actuation; same as controller.

Controller

The device that sends timing commands to remote control valves for actuation; same as timer.

Spacing

The distance between sprinklers.

Water Pressure

The force of water that exists in a piping system; measured in pounds per square inch (PSI).

Water Hammer

The impact created by water and air moving through the piping system at high velocities and suddenly stopping. *Water comes to a T section at 8.3 pounds and stops when it splits to go one way or another.

Friction Loss

The loss of pressure (force) as water flows through the piping system.

Flow

The movement of water through the irrigation piping system; causing friction loss.

Coverage

The pattern of water applied to an area by a sprinkler head.

Supply Manifold

The pipe connected to the remote control valves that supplies water to the sprinklers.

Lateral

The pipe in an irrigation system located downstream from the remote control valve. Lateral pipes carry water directly to the sprinklers.

Main Line

The pipe in an irrigation systems that delivers water from the backflow prevention device to the remote control valves. This is usually the largest pipe on the irrigation system, generally under constant pressure and located upstream from the remote control valves.

Service Line

The pipe supplying water from the city water main to the water meter.

Designed Operating Pressure

The pressure a designer uses to determine spacing distances and flow for sprinkler heads. The designed operating pressure is determined by subtracting estimated friction losses from the static water pressure.

Dynamic Pressure

The pressure reading in a pipeline system with water flowing.

Static Water Pressure

The pressure that exists in a piping system when there is no flow; measure in pounds per square inch. (PSI).

Precipitation Rate (PR)

The rate at which sprinkler heads apply water to a specific area of coverage, over a given period of time, measured in inches per hour.

Working Pressure

The remaining pressure in an irrigation system when all friction losses are subtracted from the static pressure.

Velocity

The speed at which water flows through the piping system; Measured in feet per second (FPS). *Make sure the velocity will not make a water hammer when zone is turned on.

Matched Precipitation Rate (MPR)

The uniform delivery of water across each square foot of an irrigate area. Each sprinkler's coverage provides every blade of grass with no more and no less water than the next. The result is high-precision application.

Potable Water

Water used for drinking purposes.


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