IS 310 Midterm

the _____ is a digital logic component that is often used in computer registers

D flip-flop

the first general-purpose programmable electronic computer was the:

ENIAC

which of the following is a computer that used fourth-generation (VLSI) technology a) IBM 360 b) Cray-1 c) PDP-11 d) IBM PC

IBM PC

the organization that sets standards for computer components, signaling protocols, and data representation is the: a) ISO b) IEEE c) CCITT d) ANSI

IEEE

the organization that sets standards for photographic film and the pitch of screw threads, in addition to matters concerning computers is the:

ISO

Cloud storage is a limited form of ____________. a) Software as a Service (SaaS) b) Platform as a Service (PaaS) c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) d) Data as a Service (DaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Which MARIE instruction is being carried out by the RTN statement that follows? PC ← X a) Store X b) Load X c) JnS X d) Jump X

Jump X

the RTN for the first step in the fetch-decode-execute cycle is: a) MAR <- PC b)IR <- MAR c) IR <- MBR d) PC <- PC + 1

MAR <- PC

in 1965 one of the founders of Intel predicted, "The density of transistors in an integrated circuit will double every year". This is known as: a) Rock's Law b) Amdahl's Law c) Moore's Law d) Cray's Law

Moore's Law

which of the following is the largest unit of storage

TB

How is the ALU related to the CPU? What are its main functions?

The ALU is part of the CPU. It carries out arithmetic operations (typically only integer arithmetic) and can carry out logical operations such as AND, OR, and XOR, as well as shift operations.

Explain what the CPU should do when an interrupt occurs.

The CPU checks, at the beginning of the fetch-decode-execute cycle to see if an interrupt is pending. If so, an interrupt handling routine is dispatched, which follows the fetch-decode-execute cycle to process the handler's instructions. When the routine is finished, normal execution of the program continues.

what is the simplified expression for the following kmap? a) Z b) X'Z + XZ c) Z + X'Z d) Y'

Z

the boolean expression x(x + y) = x and x + xy = x are examples of (the): a) DeMorgan's law b) absorbtion law c) distributive law d) associative law

absorption law

a computer bus consists of data lines, _____, control lines, and power lines

address lines

Computer _____ concerns itself with instruction sets and formats, operation codes, data types, the number and types of registers, addressing modes, main memory access methods, and various I/O mechanisms. a) layers b) architecture c) organization d) programming

architecture

the ratio of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels that a monitor can display is its _____ ratio

aspect or resolution

the ENIAC was originally built in order to speed calculations for:

ballistics tables

the _____ is responsible for fetching program instructions, decoding each one, and performing the indicated sequence of operations

central processing unit

the computer component that makes sure that instructions are decoded and executed properly is the: a) arithmetic-logic unit b) control unit c) floating-point unit d) graphics processing unit

control unit

the level of the computer hierarchy that is composed of gates and wires is the:

digital logic level

Platform as a Service (PaaS) replaces the _____ of the computer hierarchy with an internet-based platform

digital logic level through high-level language levels

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) replaces the _____ of the computer hierarchy with an internet-based infrastructure

digital logic level through machine levels

Software as a Service (SaaS) replaces the _______ of the computer hierarchy with an internet-based application a) digital logic level through user levels b) digital logic level through high-level language levels c) system software level through high-level language levels d) digital logic level through machine levels

digital logic level through user levels

The continuation of Moore's Law is helped by Rock's Law.

false

a control unit consists of a central processing unit (CPU) with an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and registers

false

a program counter points to the memory address of the instruction that the CPU is currently executing

false

a value represented using 16 bits will always be more accurate than a value represented using 8 bits

false

in order to provide greater range for a floating-point number, we make the significand larger

false

interrupt checking is typically carried out at various times during the execution of a machine instruction

false

the control level is above the machine level in the computer level hierarchy

false

there are one billion microseconds in a second

false

what are the main function of the CPU?

fetch, decode, and execute program instructions

the _____ is a processor designed to perform complex calculations required for image rendering

graphics processing unit

the _____ of a machine specifies the instructions that the computer can perform and the format for each instruction

instruction set architecture

_____ are events that alter the normal flow of execution in the system

interrupts

hierarchy of measurement

kilo (K), mega (M), giga (G), Tera (T), exa (E), zetta (Z), yotta (Y)

the state machine shown is an example of a(n)?

mealy machine

at the most basic level, a computer is a device consisting of three pieces: a processor, an I/O mechanism, and a(n) _____

memory

the register that holds the actual data to be read from or written to a given memory address is called the:

memory buffer register

computer chips having multiple processing units on a single chip are _____ architectures

multicore

if the most significant bit of a signed binary number is 1, that number is:

negative

in the von Neumann model, explain the processing unit

performs all the arithmetic logic functions

Many desktop computers utilize the ___________ bus standard in which the system augments its main bus with dedicated I/O buses using expansion slots.

peripheral component interconnect

____ allow movement of data to and from devices external to the computer a) ports b) system buses c) monitors d) scanners

ports

the _____ register keeps track of the next instruction to be fetched

program counter

the _____ is a hardware device, located on the processor, which stores binary data

register

in the von Neumann model, explain the program counter

responsible for keeping track of the next instruction to fetch

The difference in expressive power between the physical components of a computer and a high-level language such as C++ is called a: a) cognitive limitation b) expressive constraint c) semantic gap d) von Neumann bottleneck

semantic gap

the level of computer hierarchy where an operating system functions is the:

system software level

ASCII is a 7-bit code, while Unicode is a 16-bit code

true

Any task done by software can also be done using computer hardware, and any operation performed directly by hardware can be done using software.

true

Excess-M notation uses unsigned integers to express negative integers.

true

Overflow is indicated when the carry in to the high-order bit is not equal to the carry out.

true

The purpose of both hardwired control units and microprogrammed control units is to raise a series of signals that carry out operations inside a computer system

true

While and if statements are examples of conditional branching instructions

true

in a pure load/store architecture, no instructions other than the load and store instructions are allowed to directly access memory

true

in high order memory interleaving, the high-order bits of the memory address are used to select the memory bank

true

explain two breakthroughs in the history of computing

vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, VLSI, binary arithmetic, quantum computing, and parallel computing

which of the following equations correctly reflects the truth table shown below? a) (x'yz' + x'yz + xy'z' + xyz' + xyz)' b) x'yz' + x'yz + xy'z' + xyz' + xyz c) xy'z + x'yz' + x'yz' + x'y'z + x'y'z d) (xy'z + x'yz' + x'yz' + x'y'z + x'y'z)'

x'yz' + x'yz + xy'z' + xyz' + xyz

the boolean function F(x, y) = x'y' + xy' + y(xy') can be simplified to: a) x + y b) 1 c) y' d) xy'

y'

the boolean function F(x, y, z) = (y + x)(y + x')(y' + z) can be simplified to: a) x b) yz c) y'z + x'yz + xy'z d) y'z + xz

yz

the boolean function F(x,y) = x'y' + x'y + xy is equivalent to a) x + y' b) y(x + x'y') c) x'(y + xy') d) (xy')'

(xy')'

the boolean function F(x, y) = x'y' + x'y + xy' is equivalent to: a) (xy)' b) y c) x d) (x + y')'

(xy)'

the binary addition of 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = _____

0100 (base 2)

how many microseconds in one millisecond

1,000

how many nanoseconds are in 1 microsecond

1,000

How many nanoseconds are in one millisecond?

1,000,000

how many microseconds in one second

1,000,000

convert -61 (base 10) to 8-bit binary using excess 127 notation

1,000,010

how many milliseconds in one second

1000

355 (base 10) = _____ (base 7)

1015

138 (base 10) = _____ (base 5)

1023

379 (base 10) = _____ (base 7)

1051

Convert -52 (base 10) to binary 8-bit one's complement.

11,001,011

how is -9 (base 10) represented in 8-bit two's complement notation?

11110111

1031 (base 5) = ______ (base 10)

141

Suppose a computer's control unit consists of a 4-bit counter and a 4 × 16 decoder. What is the maximum number of clock cycles that can be consumed by any instruction?

16

how many bytes in 20 megabytes

20 x 20^20

441 (base 8) = _____ (base 10)

289

How many Kilobytes are in a Megabyte?

2^10

How many megabytes in a gigabyte?

2^10

there are ____ gigabytes in a terabyte

2^10

how many kilobytes are in 1 gigabyte

2^20

How many kilobytes are in 2 gigabytes?

2^21

If a system's instruction set consists of a 5-bit opcode, what is the maximum number of output signal lines required for the control unit?

32

654 (base 7) = _____ (base 10)

333

665 (base 7) = _____ (base 10)

341

247 (base 10) = _____ (base 8)

367

01D7 (base 16) = _____ (base 10)

471

664 (base 9) = _____ (base 10)

544

728 (base 9) = _____ (base 10)

593

How many bits in a byte?

8

SaaS: Software as a Service.

An entire application is provided by a third party on a Cloudbased platform.

PaaS: Platform as a Service.

An environment consisting of an operating system, database systems, Internet servers, security components is deployed as a virtual environment.

IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service.

An environment consisting of managed server hardware, storage systems, network, and security components made accessible over the Internet.

_____ is the hexadecimal symbol for 11

B

The Boolean OR operation is also known as:

Boolean sum