Isolationism and the Second World War Part 1: Speedy Prep

The Neutrality Act of ____ added to the Neutrality Act of 1935 by prohibiting the making of loans or extension of credit to nations at war.

1936

The Neutrality Act of ____ stated that nations at war, including those involved in civil war, could purchase non-military items from the U.S. with cash but must transport the goods on their own ships; in addition, this legislation prohibited Americans from traveling on the ships of warring nations and stated that any Americans traveling on warring countries' ships were doing so at their own risk.

1937

What was the effect of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, which was passed in 1934?

America increased trade with foreign governments.

In August 1941, President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issued the _______ Charter, which outlined the ideal vision for the world after the Second World War, including provisions such as freedom of the seas, free trade, and the creation of an international organization to arbitrate disputes between nations.

Atlantic

In 1939, Congress passed a(n) _________ _____ ________ policy, which declared that belligerent nations (i.e. nations at war) could purchase arms from the U.S. but only if they paid cash immediately and used their own ships to pick up and transport the arms.

Cash and Carry

In his State of the Union Address of January 6, 1941, President Roosevelt spoke of the __________ _________, which encapsulated the ideals of the United States as well as set before the country his view that the US needed to abandon its isolationist standing in the world.

Four Freedoms

"No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people, in their righteous might, will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the un-bounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph. So help us God." Who made the above statement?

Franklin D. Roosevelt, when asking Congress to declare war against Japan following the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

President Franklin Roosevelt sought to carry out his "_________ _______________" policy to other nations in the Western hemisphere because he wanted to gain the support of America's allies in Latin America to protect the West from European and Asian dictators.

Good Neighbor

The U.S. forces used a strategy known as "_________-hopping" during the Pacific side of the Second World War, in which they moved throughout the Pacific and eventually defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Philippine Sea, October 1944.

Island

The __________-Briand Pact was an international treaty signed in 1928 "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy."

Kellogg

Following a "fireside chat" in which President Roosevelt asked the American people to become an "arsenal of democracy" and give Britain what it needed to be successful at war, Congress passed the _______-_______ Act in 1941, which allowed the president to lease, lend, sell, transfer, or exchange military equipment and other supplies to any country whose defense was seen as essential to American security.

Lend Lease

The turning point of the fighting in the Pacific during the Second World War occurred at the Battle of ___________ (June 1942), when the U.S. sank four Japanese aircraft carriers.

Midway

The Japanese attack on _______ _________ on December 7, 1941 was not as successful as the Japanese had hoped, due to the following reasons: the naval fleet destruction was not as severe as the Japanese had planned, three stationed American aircraft carriers were not in port at the time of the attack, and oil depots were not bombed.

Pearl Harbour

Why was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 a surprise to the American government?

President Roosevelt anticipated that any Japanese attack would be aimed in the Philippines or somewhere in the Pacific Rim.

The Hawley-__________ Tariff Act, which was passed in 1930, greatly increased U.S. tariffs on many goods; as a result, many nations retaliated and American exports and imports fell dramatically.

Smoot

Overall, the "Good Neighbor policy" formally refused to take military action in the Western Hemisphere; as an extension of this policy, Roosevelt extended diplomatic recognition to the newly-formed ______ ___________.

Soviet Union

What was the outcome of the Spanish Civil War?

Spain became a Fascist state led by General Franco.

Which of the following events led to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?

The United States and Japan reached a stalemate in diplomatic negotiations.

What was the significance of the 1940 Selective Training and Service Act?

This legislation was the first peacetime draft in American history.

In response to the ______________ Pact signed by Japan with Germany and Italy (1940), President Roosevelt embargoed airplane fuel and scrap metal shipments to Japan; soon after, when Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U.S.

Tripartite

Conscription (military draft) policies were enacted by the United States __________ the First World War and _________ the United States entered the Second World War.

during, before

Which of the following did Harry Truman do during his time as president? (Click all that apply.)

issued an order to desegregate the Armed Forces, expanded Social Security benefits, ended racial discrimination in federal government jobs, vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act

The United States sought to form alliances with Latin American nations during the Second World War to....

protect the Western hemisphere from Fascism.

In the face of British and French declarations of war against Germany, President Roosevelt passed legislation aimed at preventing events believed to have caused the U.S. to enter the First World War; this legislation maintained the U.S.'s policy of isolationism. The first legislation was the Neutrality Act of 1935, which prohibited.....

the sale of arms and munitions to countries at war (belligerents).