ISQS exam 3

1. What are the benefits of 3D Printing? Be specific here.

1. 3D printing brings a revolutionary approach to manufacturing through three key advantages: Shorter lead time, design freedom, and lower costs.

1. What does the article suggest businesses do to "build a data-savvy workforce"? How will each of these things help (e.g., not relying on the "HiPPO", etc.)?

1. Start from the top with data-driven leadership 2. Hire data-driven team members 3. Look within your existing ranks 4. Use data everywhere and embed it into your culture 5. Create your own data dictionary and tools strategy 6. Remember that data is not everything

1. "A group of ___ qubits can hold more than a million values at once."

20

_____ is the ability to navigate the sea of information that is generated by machines

Data literacy

1. According to the article, what are some of the projections/ estimates for drones and their impact on business?

In late 2016, our consensus of 30 AI researchers yielded "drones and robotics" around the top of the list of near-term business applications of AI, but our experts weren't the only ones who tuned into the trend. Gartner estimates that over 170,000 commercial drones will be sold this year, a 58 percent increase since 2016. Goldman Sachs predicts that businesses and civil government will spend $13 billion on drones between 2016-2020.

With______, the digital environment is anchored to and replaces the real world

Mixed reality that starts with the virtual world

1. What are some applications of 3D Printing?

Prototyping Manufacturing large entertainment models used in everything from movies to training personnel in new practices Low volume production and tooling Aerospace manufacturing Medical device solutions And much more

1. What is the problem that quantum computing is trying to solve vis-à-vis (compared to) classical (traditional) computing (see also the prior article)?

Quantum computers are one of the potential solutions. They are operating on qubits, quantum bits, which themselves are affected by quantum effects like entanglement or superposition. This means that they can operate all together at the same time, hence omitting Amdahl's law. Moreover their power grows exponentially with the number of qubits, contrary to the linear nature of classical computers. Altogether this causes a well-deserved attention from both industry and academia. You might have seen articles describing a quantum future in terms of breaking any security code or password, as the computing power of quantum computers will inevitably surpass by far those of classical computers.

1. Will quantum computing be suitable for every scenario a traditional (classical) computer attempts to solve?

Quantum computing won't be suitable for every scenario, but where it can be used, the effect it can have on certain operations is immense.

1. According to the article, what are some of the benefits of making stuff?

The idea is that the versatility of these machines will free creatives and engineers to experiment and do rapid prototyping with a wide variety of materials. The Glowforge can work with wood, leather, stone, paper, cardboard, acrylic and more. The ability to work with non-ferrous metals is one of the Othermill's strengths.

1. What is the maker movement? How does this movement compare to old-style crafting?

The idea that resulted—that of "a magic toy box that could print toys"—gave rise to Shapiro's company, Glowforge, one of the most interesting pick-and-shovel businesses in what is popularly known as the maker movement. That movement, long identified with 3D printers, is entering a new phase, and new companies are rising up to provide craftspeople and innovators with compact versions of industrial tools. In the process, these companies hope to empower small businesses, accelerate the pace of innovation and, ultimately, change the dynamics of global commerce. The first of these methods was 3D printing, which creates objects by building up material, usually malleable plastic, layer by layer. By contrast, both the Othermill, Applestone's machine, and Glowforge's namesake product manufacture through subtraction.

1. What are the different ways VR is experienced?

The most advanced VR experiences even provide freedom of movement - users can move in a digital environment and hear sounds. Moreover, special hand controllers can be used to enhance VR experiences.

1. According to the article, what are some of the potential benefits of using drone technology?

The use of drones to inspect existing infrastructure can be cheaper, faster, and importantly safer. For example, the New York Power Authority recently tested using drones to inspect an ice boom near Lake Erie. Inspecting one of these ice booms normally costs $3,500 to send a helicopter or $3,300 to send a boat to perform the task, but it cost less than $300 to deploy a drone. Several energy companies like Southern Company, and Duke Energy are using drones to inspect power lines, power plants, and storm damage. SunPower is using drones to improve solar farms. Similarly, start-ups such as SkySpecs are using drones to perform inspections of wind turbines which used to take hours in just minutes.

1. According to the article, why is Walmart introducing robots in many of its stores?

Walmart wants store workers to help out customers instead of mopping up floors and unloading boxes in backrooms. So it's increasingly turning to robots to fill those tasks.

_____ augmented reality uses a camera and some type of visual maker, such as a QR code to produce a result only when the marker is sensed by a reader

based augmented reality

1. "But what you really need to know, in computing terms, is that

whereas a traditional computer running an operation on a set of data would have to proceed through every bit one by one, quantum computers can process it all simultaneously.

1. According to this reading, what differentiates AR, VR, and MR?

· Virtual reality (VR) immerses users in a fully artificial digital environment. · Augmented reality (AR) overlays virtual objects on the real-world environment. · Mixed reality (MR) not just overlays but anchors virtual objects to the real world

1. What are four (or five or six) possible benefits of quantum computing listed in the article? In what way(s) can quantum computing make a difference vis-à-vis (compared to) classical (traditional) computing?

. Database processing As noted above, one of quantum computing's great strengths is its ability to perform many operations simultaneously, which comes in very handy if you're trying to look something up in a large database. 2. Security One of the most common uses for quantum is likely to be in boosting the security of digital encryption solutions. At present, most encryption works in much the same way - an algorithm converts entered data into an encrypted format, and a related algorithm is able to decrypt it back again. 3. Running simulations Perhaps among the most exciting applications for quantum will be its ability to run more large-scale, accurate simulations. Currently, most simulations are held back by the vast amounts of processing power required to run them, as well as a lack of accuracy. 4. Artificial intelligence Huge strides have been made in recent years in the world of artificial intelligence (AI), but many believe that the holy grail of the technology - computers that can think, learn and adapt with no human intervention - will only be possible with the computing power provided by quantum.

1. What are some of the main concepts underlying 3D Printing, including definitions and how 3D Printing works generally?

3D printing refers to any manufacturing process which additively builds or forms 3D parts in layers from CAD data. 3D printing starts with a digital file derived from computer aided design (CAD) software. Once a design is completed, it must then be exported as a standard tessellation language (STL) file, meaning the file is translated into triangulated surfaces and vertices. The STL file then has to be sliced into hundreds - sometimes thousands - of 2-D layers Layer thickness - the size of each individual layer of the sliced design - is determined partly by technology, partly by material, and partly by desired resolution and your project timeline; thicker layers equates to faster builds, thinner layers equate to finer resolution, less visible layer lines and therefore less intensive post-processing work (Fig.2).

1. What is a "data-driven culture"? Is generating "lots of reports" or having "dashboards throughout [the] organization" sufficient for having a data-driven culture? Why or why not?

A data-driven culture is when an organization's progress is measured using data rather than intuition (gut feel) or past examples (personal experience). Having lots of operational data is a great start, but to be a truly data-driven organization requires the ability to develop strategic insights into what is influencing your key performance indicators (KPIs). A deep understanding of the metrics that influence those KPIs, and the capability to do analytical reporting, will help process all your data and create a data-driven team that investigates trends, predicts outcomes, and discovers new insights.

1. Based upon this definition (see your answer above), what technologies might be considered a robot, and conversely what technologies would not be considered a robot?

A drone could be considered a robot. A robot arm on a factory floor is not considered a robot because it just follows a series of commands.

1. What is the definition of a robot, according to many roboticists?

A robot senses its environment, or thinks on its own. Is an agent that acts to maximize a persons utility

1. What is AR?

An enhanced version of reality where live direct or indirect views of physical real-world environments are augmented with superimposed computer-generated images over a user's view of the real-world, thus enhancing one's current perception of reality

1. What are some of the potential uses of drone technology?

Drones a natural fit with the world of agriculture, where farmers can benefit from real time information about large tracts of land. Drones can help track almost everything including water use, crop health, heat signatures, and soil analysis. Expensive aerial surveillances that could previously only be done occasionally with planes can now be completed weekly or even daily with drones that cost only hundreds of dollars. Back in 2015 the American Farm Bureau Federation released a study that found for farmers using drones as a service, the average ROI is "$12 per acre for corn, $2.60 per acre for soybeans, and $2.30 per acre for wheat."

1. What does the article suggest the future work (i.e., jobs, skills, etc.) may look like? What numbers (both historical and future estimates) support these suggestions?

Estimates about how much of the workforce could be automated vary from about 9% to 47%. The consultancy McKinsey estimates up to 800 million workers globally could be displaced by robotic automation by 2030. Some jobs will change dramatically, while others will disappear altogether.

3D printing and other machines ofnthe maker movement are the cheapest way to mass produce basic goods

False

The classical computing paradigm will enable really hard real life problems

False

What are some of the industry's which will be impacted by the application of quantum computing as discussed in the prep material,

Fiance,insuarane,energy, transportation, logistics, chemicals, materials cyber security and technology

1. In what industries/ sectors does the article suggest there will be business applications for quantum computing?

Finance: banking sector presents plethora of problems like portfolio optimization, asset pricing, risk analysis, fraud detection, market predictions, which are within reach of quantum computers. Insurance: potential applications of quantum computing start with valuation of financial instruments (bonds, derivatives); valuation of options and guarantees on insurance products; quantifying operational risk. Energy Sector: optimizing current network structure and predicting usage are two big connected problems, which are both well suited to test on quantum computers. Transportation: the best example for quantum computers' use is traffic optimization as was done by Volkswagen together with D-Wave. Logistics: supply-chain problems related to operations are often complex and impossible to optimize by classical computers, and yield a good potential for quantum to enter the market. Automotive and Aerospace: autonomous driving or flying, or managing a large fleet of vehicles pose optimization problems, which scale quickly with the number of vehicles. Chemicals and Pharma: drug discovery is a very costly process and simulating molecules is computationally demanding. Quantum computers are a natural fit for pharma R&D as they are better suited to perform simulations of quantum objects, being of quantum nature themselves. Materials: industries counting on better batteries, chips or network architectures can explore quantum computing to simulate new possibilities or optimize existing structures. Blockchain and Cybersecurity: blockchain is all about secure transactions and contracts.

In 3d printing which of the following factors will be associated with thinner layers used to build the finished product

Finer resolution, fewer visible layer lines, post processing work is less intensive

1. How does Google use data and analytics in their "People Analytics Department"?

Google has created a People Analytics Department that supports the organisation with making HR decisions with data. One question Google wanted to have an answer to was: Do managers actually matter? This is a question Google has been wrestling with from the outset, where its founders were questioning the contribution managers make.

1. What is humanics, and what are its three basic pillars?

He says education needs to change dramatically if workers are to adapt to this new environment. His solution, which he calls humanics, has three basic pillars: Technical ability: understanding how machines function and how to interact with them. As both artificial intelligence and robotics become ever more capable, machines will step into roles once monopolised by humans. Some employees won't last, but others will find themselves working with machines, and probably being vastly more productive as a result. Workers with a grounding in coding and engineering principles will be better placed to thrive in this new kind of workplace. Data discipline: navigating the sea of information that's generated by these machines. Workers will need data literacy to read, analyse and use the almost bottomless troves of information that are increasingly guiding everything from major business decisions to stock picks to purchasing decisions. And the human discipline: "which is what we humans can do that machines for the foreseeable future, cannot emulate." Aoun says this includes creativity, cultural agility, empathy and the ability to take information from one context and apply it to another. In educational terms, this means less emphasis on the classroom and a greater emphasis on experiential learning.

1. According to article, data are not really important unless you first understand what? Why might this be the case (and why is it the case for Google)?

In companies data should be collected to provide answers to the most important questions and unless you are clear about the questions you need to answer, data is pretty useless. n Google today, the aim is to start with questions and be very clear about the information needs at the outset

1. What is a qubit? How is it different from a bit?

Like a bit, this can be set to one of two states - 0 or 1 - but unlike a bit, it is not as simple as just being on or off. Thanks to the quirks of the quantum level, a qubit can also be in a combination of both states, called a superposition. Sometimes, this is described as being both 0 and 1 simultaneously, although this isn't entirely accurate. Rather, it could be anywhere between completely 0 and completely 1 - but the catch is, as soon as we actually measure a qubit, it collapses into one of the two definite states.

What are some of the reasons Walmart is turning to robots to fill certain tasks

Limit worker turnover Better manage rising costs Sell customers find their work more fulfilling, associates can assist customers

1. What are the different types of AR, and what differentiates these types?

Marker-based augmented reality (also called Image Recognition) uses a camera and some type of visual marker, such as a QR/2D code, to produce a result only when the marker is sensed by a reader. Marker based applications use a camera on the device to distinguish a marker from any other real world object As one of the most widely implemented applications of augmented reality, markerless (also called location-based, position-based, or GPS) augmented reality, uses a GPS, digital compass, velocity meter, or accelerometer which is embedded in the device to provide data based on your location. Projection based augmented reality works by projecting artificial light onto real world surfaces. Projection based augmented reality applications allow for human interaction by sending light onto a real world surface and then sensing the human interaction (i.e. touch) of that projected light. Superimposition based augmented reality either partially or fully replaces the original view of an object with a newly augmented view of that same object. In superimposition based augmented reality, object recognition plays a vital role because the application cannot replace the original view with an augmented one if it cannot determine what the object is

1. Differentiate between the two forms of MR listed in this reading?

Mixed reality that starts with the real world - virtual objects are not just overlaid on the real world but can interact with it. In this case, a user remains in the real-world environment while digital content is added to it; moreover, a user can interact with virtual objects. Mixed reality that starts with the virtual world - the digital environment is anchored to and replaces the real world. In this case, a user is fully immersed in the virtual environment while the real world is blocked out

1. How is Texas Tech using reality technologies to help students with visual impairments?

Texas Tech University's Student Disability Services has partnered with software company Aira to provide an augmented reality service to students with visual impairments. The partnership will allow anyone on-campus to access the Aira mobile app, free of charge. With the touch of a button, the app connects each user to a mobility and orientation specialist who will help them navigate through their environment

1. What are the methods of (or tools of the trade in) the maker movement? What kinds of machines are used?

The Glowforge, which for the sake of marketing the company calls a "3D laser printer," uses a laser the width of a human hair to slice through rigid material and carve designs. The Othermill and its big brother, the Othermill Pro, are designed to etch circuit boards and create high-precision metal parts. They can also carve hard plastic and Teflon. Both are compact enough to sit on a desk or a kitchen table. Both machines are computer-controlled, and the Glowforge, though it's compatible with the most common design software, can even make objects based on simple freehand drawings—no digital skills required.

Data are not helpful unless u understand the questions you need to answer

True

1. How is AR different than VR?

Unlike virtual reality, which requires you to inhabit an entirely virtual environment, augmented reality uses your existing natural environment and simply overlays virtual information on top of it. As both virtual and real worlds harmoniously coexist, users of augmented reality experience a new and improved natural world where virtual information is used as a tool to provide assistance in everyday activity.

1. What are some of the applications of reality technologies in business, and how are companies using these technologies specifically?

Utilizing VR in the training infrastructure could reduce these costs while increasing the effectiveness of training. In the virtual world, a single instructor could teach a single classroom consisting of new employees spread all over the world. The technology is unaffected by physical distance, and the natural interactions it affords have been shown to be more engaging than a phone call or video conference. Training courses and simulations benefit from VR, as well. For employees learning complex tasks using machinery, or learning how to deal with unexpected situations, a virtual environment provides valuable practical experience.

1. What does Walmart hope will be the outcome of introducing robots, especially (but not limited to) in terms of its associates?

Walmart says these "smart assistants" will reduce the amount of time workers spend on "repeatable, predictable and manual" tasks in stores and allow them to switch to selling merchandise to shoppers and other customer service roles. The retailer believes that bringing on bots will lift sales and make stores more efficient. Walmart also says bots limit worker turnover. That's because it's hard to consistently find workers to unload trucks and keep up stores overnight

1. What kinds of tasks will these robots undertake?

Walmart will also have robots that scan shelf inventory at 350 stores. And there will be bots at 1,700 stores that automatically scan boxes as they come off delivery trucks and sort them by department onto conveyer belts.

1. Tableau "makes analyzing data ________, _______, and _____________ for everyone."

fast, easy, beautiful

1. The Tableau application allows you to "bring all your data together _____________________ ________."

in one simple view

According to the prep material developing a deep understanding of the metrics that influence key performances indicates KPIs and the capability to do analytics reporting

investigates trends predict outcomes discover new insights

1. In Tableau, you can "keep on asking ___________ in the data until you ________________ ______________________."

questions, discover, the root cause

1. Tableau is "designed to help you be _______, so you can make ________ ________, faster."

smarter, decision, better

1. The Tableau application allows you to "______, _________, _____________, or ________ your data in seconds."

sort, highlight, drilldown, filter

1. The Tableau application helps you to "see the __________ in your data."

stories