ISS Final

Several of the former youth residents of the lower 9th ward described ways that their neighborhood changed after Katrina. One common narrative was that after the hurricane the neighborhood was slowly rebuilt but its composition changed. Newer, upscale houses were built, the racial profile of the neighborhood began to shift, and housing values went up. The phenomena that they are describing here is referred to as _____________________.

Gentrification

Which of the following is not a correct pairing of risk quadrant and perceived risk (as shown in Slovic, 1987): 1. Nuclear Weapons - death certain/uncontrollable 2. Coal mining accidents - death certain/controllable 3. Hand guns - death uncertain/controllable 4. Water fluoridation - death uncertain/uncontrollable

Hand guns - death uncertain/controllable

Which of the following is a correct statement about hazards? 1. Hazard and disaster are not synonymous. They can't be used interchangeably. 2. Hazards are extreme events that are not native to or expected in a particular location. 3. Hazards can only be natural or non-human phenomena.

Hazard and disaster are not synonymous. They can't be used interchangeably.

Maps that focus in on a topic like declining affordable housing stock in New Orleans after Katrina are best described as _____________________ maps (one word).

Thematic

Aristotle's claim that "we make war that we may live in peace" is a utilitarian statement. True or False

True

Blaming the devastating impact of forest fires on climate change alone actually exemplifies the strategies for (not) dealing with uncomfortable knowledge. True or False

True

In the Case for Letting Malibu Burn, Mike Davis argued that Federal concern for addressing wildfires in Southern California in the 1950s actually emerged out of a perception within the Eisenhower administration that the Federal Government's inability to stop forest fires might be seen as a geopolitical and national defense weakness. True or False

True

Increased exposure to domestic violence, elder abuse, and higher rates of pets abandoned at shelters are measurable social costs associated with disasters. True of False

True

It would be correct to state that an insured family who suffers a total loss of a higher value home during a forest fire is less vulnerable than a lower socioeconomic classed and uninsured family whose home is only damaged during the same fire. True or False

True

The origins of the concept of justice as the obligations to which we owe each other (as virtue) comes from Aristotle. True or False

True

Which risk quadrant pairing is least likely to be perceived as risky? 1. Involuntary and Death Uncertain 2. Involuntary and Death Certain 3. Voluntary and Death Uncertain 4. Voluntary and Death Certain

Voluntary and Death Uncertain

A term that is used to describe the public health phenomena of premature aging due to constant and persistent exposure to stress and anxiety linked to discriminatory practices is known as __________________.

Weathering

In the documentary Cooked: Survival by Zip Code, Judith Helfand makes use of imagery in interesting ways. At one point, she shows footage of children playing in an opened fire hydrant before it is shut off by police. She then cuts to footage of a gushing Buckingham Fountain, a major tourist attraction in the city. The purpose here is to make a visual claim about water usage in the city. Stylistic elements such as these, that are used in an argument to compel or persuade an audience to accept our stance, are referred to as _________________(one word).

rhetorical

Long-term exposure to environmental pollutants like Toxic Relief Inventories (TRI) sites can be referred to as _____________ violence (one word).

slow

The mixed method approach used by sociologist Eric Klinenberg to understand the factors that lead to systems failure and social collapse in neighborhoods like Englewood during the 1995 heat wave is called _____________________. (two words).

social autopsy

If my PR firm, Dewey, Cheatem, and Howe, is working with the fossil fuel industry to construct a campaign attacking the adoption of renewable energy resources, they might argue that the environmentalists supporting this campaign are primarily interested in destroying the local coal-mining economy of a region, thus potentially harming the livelihoods of miners. This technique exemplifies the informal logic concept known as the ________________ .

straw man fallacy

In the early to mid-1980s researchers at the CDC were trying to understand what was causing complex clusters of rare diseases like Kaposi's Sarcoma alongside Pneumocystis carinii in certain segments of the population. Initial questions like this that are interested in disease etiology (the cause or origin of a disease, especially one that has not previously been identified) would be best described as: 1. ontological 2. methodological 3. epistemological

1. ontological

A longstanding ethical debate within philosophy revolves around what constitutes a "just war". Just War Theory has three basic components: a) the right to go to war, b) the right conduct in wartime, and (more recently) c) the right conduct after war.While we used "deontology" and "utilitarianism" in the context of distributive justice, we can also use these terms to discuss just war theory. Which of the following is not a correct application of the two perspectives based on the description provided? 1. Country X is concerned that neighboring Country Y's ongoing civil war will spill over across X's own border via a refugee crisis and economic instability. In order to protect its own interests, Country X sends weapons to one side of the conflict in Country Y, hoping to end the war sooner: deontological 2. An international body adopts a ban on all biological weapons during war, due to their potential to harm non-comba

1. Country X is concerned that neighboring Country Y's ongoing civil war will spill over across X's own border via a refugee crisis and economic instability. In order to protect its own interests, Country X sends weapons to one side of the conflict in Country Y, hoping to end the war sooner: deontological

Which of the following correctly describes the disturbing turn at the end of Elmer Enewold's account to his father of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire? 1. He killed an African American man he perceived as a looter but who turned out to be trying to rescue someone in the rubble. 2. He started the letter but was killed by falling rubble during an aftershock and the letter was finished by a friend. 3. He was forced to shoot dozens of panicking and looting civilians while serving as a National Guardsman. 4. He was shot by another man who was looting from buildings that had been damaged by the earthquake and were about to be consumed by the fire.

1. He killed an African American man he perceived as a looter but who turned out to be trying to rescue someone in the rubble.

In several of the disasters that we considered in this course, victimhood was often socially constructed. "True victims" are often seen as having been unfairly targeted by an act of fate (e.g., having their home struck randomly by a tornado). Conversely, those who are judged as having made poor choices are labeled as "deserving of their fate." They "failed to pull themselves up by their bootstraps," or they "practiced unsafe sex." When individuals and groups that have been denied victimhood lash out and demand justice, they are generally asking for: 1. Distributive Justice 2. Restitutive Justice 3. Procedural Justice 4. Justice as Recognition

1. Justice as Recognition

This contemporary justice concept was first described by a Russian anarchist philosopher who wished to counter the misapplication of Darwin's concepts to social behavior by providing examples of cooperative behavior in nature. 1. Mutual Aid 2. Ethics of Care 3. Direct Action 4. Viral Justice

1. Mutual Aid

One of the contributing factors that lead to claims of injustice in the Flint Water Crisis was the fact that an Emergency Manager had been appointed to run the city by Governor Snyder. The Emergency Manager suspended pay for the mayor and city council and shuttered many city offices. During the Emergency Manager's tenure, the decision was made to switch the drinking water source to the Flint River. Which justice typology best exemplifies this specific claim of injustice? 1. Procedural Justice 2. Distributive Justice 3. Justice as Recognition 4. Retributive Justice

1. Procedural Justice

Which of the following is not an applied example of direct action as shown in the HIV/AIDs case study? 1. Protests and die-ins outside of the White House, demanding more rapid drug testing. 2. Protest at the New York Stock Exchange, forcing the lowering of the cost of AZT. 3. Die-in at St. Patrick's Cathedral, protesting the Bishop's stance against safer sex practices. 4. Blocking of streets in New York City to protest lack of housing for homeless people with HIV.

1. Protests and die-ins outside of the White House, demanding more rapid drug testing.

Which of the following is not an example of a centripetal force that shaped the older generation of the Vietnamese community of Versailles in New Orleans prior to Hurricane Katrina? 1. Their engagement with NOLA city politics. 2. Their religious identity as Catholic. 3. Their knowledge of the fishing industry. 4. Their prior experiences as refugees.

1. Their engagement with NOLA city politics.

The Governor and State Legislature claimed that the amended Emergency Manager Law (2011) would apply consistent, measurable standards (debt to income ratio, etc.) to assign emergency managers to any municipalities that experienced a "fiscal emergency." Based on this explanation, the Governor and State Legislature might argue that their application of the Emergency Manager Law demonstrated which aspect of justice: 1. impartiality 2. enforceable obligation 3. individual claims 4. contested claims

1. impartiality

In the documentary Cooked: Survival by Zip Code, one plan that is presented by the Sustainability Manager for the City of Chicago for reducing the impact of climate change-induced heatwaves is the construction of rooftop gardens. If residents of Englewood argue that rooftop gardens are a poor use of city resources and are not a desired policy solution for dealing with climate change in the City, they are demonstrating which aspect of justice: 1. individual claims 2. enforceable obligation 3. impartiality 4. consequentialism

1. individual claims

Which of the following cartographic scales would be most appropriate to show patterns of segregation by census track across an entire city? 1:100,000 1:1,000 1:10,000,000

1:100,000

Which of the following is an example of a normative claim that appears in the documentary Cooked? 1. The City of Chicago spent $250,000 on a single-day tornado response drill. On average one person in Chicago dies from tornadoes annually. 2. FEMA and other disaster response agencies should consider modifying the definition of disaster to more expansively structural conditions in communities. 3. Cook County should no longer spend any taxpayer collected money on statistically less common disaster scenarios. 4. Cook County Chicago spent 47 million dollars on emergency management equipment for use during extreme weather events.

2. FEMA and other disaster response agencies should consider modifying the definition of disaster to more expansively structural conditions in communities.

Which of the following is not a correct statement about the long-term impacts of Katrina upon the socio-spatial landscape of New Orleans? 1. The overall population of the city was reduced by at least 25% of its original population. It has not yet returned to population levels seen prior to Katrina. 2. Federal Emergency Management Administration and Small Business Administration loans were made widely available after the hurricane, but relatively few residents ever even applied for these beneficial grants and loans. 3. Expulsive zoning led to an increase in the restoration of protective wetlands within the city, but also hindered many residents' abilities to move back to their old neighborhoods. 4. Greenbuilding policies required that many homes be rebuilt with higher standards of sustainable design, thus increasing housing costs and further reducing the affordable housing stock.

2. Federal Emergency Management Administration and Small Business Administration loans were made widely available after the hurricane, but relatively few residents ever even applied for these beneficial grants and loans.

The panopticon was described as an historical example of surveillance, a type of________________. 1. Ideology 2. Power 3. Conflict 4. Agency

2. Power

Based on what we now know about the factors that most likely contributed to death during the Chicago Heat Wave, which demographic segment would have been most vulnerable? 1. a middle-aged, middle income Black male living on the North Side. 2. an elderly male of Eastern European descent living alone on the South Side. 3. a young female from Central America living in communal housing living on the South Side. 4. an elderly white woman living with others in a retirement apartment on the Gold Coast.

2. an elderly male of Eastern European descent living alone on the South Side.

A student claims that "critical thinking is not a useful skillset for my future career plans". I ask, "what makes you think this? how do you know you won't use these skills in your future career?" My question back to the student would best be described as: 1. methodological 2. epistemological 3. ontological

2. epistemological

If you are leaving the utopia of Omelas because you believe that all children of the city should experience five years of torture in order to produce the universal benefits experienced by the entire city, then your position is that the current city policy using torture to create utopia is: 1. ethical and just/fair 2. ethical and unjust/unfair 3. unethical but just/fair 4. unethical and unjust/unfair

2. ethical and unjust/unfair

Which of the following is not an example of deeper geoliteracy and spatial thinking? 1. describing how sense of place shapes community cohesion and resiliency. 2. memorizing the capitals of countries and the alphabetical order of states. 3. using 3D object rotation to explain the structure of chemical molecules. 4. understanding how humans navigate through space and develop mental maps.

2. memorizing the capitals of countries and the alphabetical order of states.

Mental maps and geographical imaginaries are most closely associated with which type of regional category? 1. functional 2. perceptional 3. formal

2. perceptional

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about site or situation (using the example of cities in Turkey discussed in class): 1. Istanbul's site characteristics make it more vulnerable to attack and invasion than Ankara. 2. Ankara's situation is better suited than Istanbul for centrally governing other large cities in Turkey. 3. Ankara's site characteristics make it better suited than Istanbul to support a large population urban population. 4. Istanbul's water-based situation positioned it as an imperial city in control of regional commerce and trade.

3. Ankara's site characteristics make it better suited than Istanbul to support a large population urban population.

Which of the following is least likely to meet the criteria for being classified as a formal region? 1. The Mississippi River Delta 2. Plaquemines Parrish 3. Gulf Intracoastal Canal System 4. The City of New Orleans

3. Gulf Intracoastal Canal System

Let's apply site and situation to disasters specifically. Which of the following site/situation descriptions of New Orleans is incorrect: 1. Social cohesion within an individual neighborhood like Versailles can be considered an example of a site characteristic that improves resiliency in the face of risk. 2. The relationship of New Orleans to the oil industry is a situational factor that has contributed to the risk of a variety of disasters in New Orleans. 3. New Orleans is uniformly susceptible to flooding hazards across all neighborhoods as the entire city has always been below sea level. 4. New Orleans situation in between Lake Pontchartrain, the Gulf, and the Mississippi River increases its susceptibility to flooding hazards.

3. New Orleans is uniformly susceptible to flooding hazards across all neighborhoods as the entire city has always been below sea level.

Which of the following is an example of an empirical statement that does NOT appear in the documentary Cooked? 1. The City of Chicago spent $250,000 on a single-day tornado response drill. On average one person in Chicago dies from tornadoes annually. 2. Cook County Chicago spent 47 million dollars on emergency management equipment for use during extreme weather events. 3. The number of people who die from preventable diseases in Chicago each year is equivalent to the number of people killed during Hurricane Katrina. 4. FEMA, via Congress, should consider modifying the definition of disaster to more expansively structural conditions in communities.

3. The number of people who die from preventable diseases in Chicago each year is equivalent to the number of people killed during Hurricane Katrina.

The map below is demonstrating the relationship between which two phenomena? (map of Sacramento) 1. the relationship between high rates of cancer and sites of agglomerated industrial facilities across various neighborhoods that have mixed residential and industrial profiles 2. the relationship between increasing patterns of gentrification and the presence of high quality groundwater amenities suitable for drinking 3. the relationship between neighborhoods historically appraised as high loan risks and denied homeowner loans due to their racial and ethnic profile, and the potential for flooding

3. the relationship between neighborhoods historically appraised as high loan risks and denied homeowner loans due to their racial and ethnic profile, and the potential for flooding

If we generally believe that murder is wrong, but we are willing to accept capital punishment for "remorseless killers", our friend might reasonably describe our position regarding murder in this context as: 1. ethical and just/fair 2. unethical and unjust/unfair 3. unethical but just/fair 4. ethical but unjust/unfair

3. unethical but just/fair

Which of the following areas will have an absolute location in decimal degrees with both a negative latitude and a negative longitude? 1. Canada 2. Australia 3. China 4. Brazil

4. Brazil

The decision to not rebuild directly on the site of the WTC Twin Towers in Manhattan after 9-11, and to instead construct a larger memorial park, is best described as an act of: 1. designation 2. rectification 3. obliteration 4. sanctification

4. Sanctification

A sociologist who is considering whether elderly folks should be grouped together in a study of disaster communication and response, or disaggregated along racial, gendered, and classed lines in order to ascertain if there are hierarchical differences in how segments of the elderly population engage disaster notifications, is fundamentally concerned with the potential role of _______________________ in their research design. 1. Social construction 2. Conflict theory 3. Power 4. Social stratification

4. Social stratification

Which of the following concepts would best describe the example of the early 20th century human environment interaction perspective that assigned emotional traits to entire racial and ethnic groups based on absolute location factors like climate? 1. environmental justice 2. possibilism 3. dominion theory 4. environmental determinism

4. environmental determinism

Which of the following statements about extreme events is correct? A 100-year flood cannot happen in back-to-back years. A 100-year flood cannot happen more than once in a century. A 100-year flood has a 1 percent chance of happening in any given year. A 100-year flood has a 10 percent chance of happening in any given year

A 100-year flood has a 1 percent chance of happening in any given year.

A _____________ is a term for an analytical tool that we use to structure our thoughts about, perceptions of, and ways of discussing reality (one word).

frame

Which of the following is an example of a question that a political economy framework can help us understand about disasters in places like Flint, Michigan or Chicago, Illinois? Select all that you think are applicable. 1. How do ideologies of "rugged individualism" and claims about victimhood and resiliency being based upon self-sufficiency shape decisions about who deserves help in times of crisis? 2. Why are Federal funds disproportionately spent on wealthier communities and their concerns about extreme yet relatively less common "natural" disasters? 3. How do shifting economic circumstances and demands for profit maximization cause industries to abandon communities, destabilizing them and weakening their resiliency?

All of the above

______________ diffusion is best characterized by the relatively even distribution of a phenomena across space (one word).

Contagious

_______________ is a broad political activism movement that emerged from the Civil Rights movement in the 1980s and was initially concerned with the disproportionate impact of negative externalities like toxic waste upon marginalized communities - (2 words).

Environmental Justice

A distributive justice application that fines bad actors like the Hooker Chemical company for their contamination of Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York is called a Merit Based Application. True or False

False

A population is considered vulnerable only if they are likely to experience adverse impacts during a disaster. True or False

False

Absolute locations have two aspects, site and situation. True or False

False

Dr. Baylis doesn't personally believe that students play any direct role in constructing knowledge within the space of the classroom. They should just be passive receivers of knowledge. True or False

False

If a 100-year flood happened in Kolkata, India in the year 1973, another 100-year flood will not happen until 2072 or after. True or False

False

In the reading What Should we Study, Quarantelli argued that a paradigm shift was occurring within disaster studies in the 1980s, and was primarily attributable to better technology and measurement instruments that could be used to classify and categorize hazard impacts (i.e. the more widespread usage of computing, etc.). True or False

False

John Rawls' 2nd Principle of Justice basically states that inequalities are never permissible in a just society. True or False

False

Longitude lines are all the same length and run parallel to the equator. True or False

False

Obliteration of the memory of a past tragic event is the best way to deal with mental health issues associated with a disaster. For example, the decision to forego the construction of physical HIV/AIDs memorials was done to protect the friends and family members of those who lost loved ones to the disease. We can say the same thing about the decision not to talk about Katrina's immediate aftermath with the youth who experienced Katrina first-hand, as seen in Katrina Babies. True or False

False

The media technique of juxtaposing two experts with completely different perspectives on an issue is an effective strategy for demonstrating the full range of possible ways of understanding an issue. True or False

False

Types of risk that are perceived as unlikely to result in death and controllable are also least statistically likely to be risky. True or False

False

When we zoom in on a section of a map, from the level of a city to the level of a neighborhood, we are decreasing the cartographical scale of the map True or False?

False

Which of the following is not a true summary statement based on Mike Davis' comparison of fire hazards in Southern California? 1. Tenement housing fires are often socially constructed in ways that blame the victims for their circumstances 2. Fire suppression via ignition management as opposed to fuel source management is essentially an ineffective and counter-productive strategy. 3. Fire risk would be alleviated in both rural and suburban contexts in Southern California if planners adopted a stricter form of total fire suppression across the region. 4. The physical geographic characteristics of Southern California are naturally inclined to burn (i.e. pyrophytic vegetation, the orientation of coastal valleys, Santa Ana winds).

Fire risk would be alleviated in both rural and suburban contexts in Southern California if planners adopted a stricter form of total fire suppression across the region.

Which of the following is a correct example of how the concept of a shock doctrine applies in the context of the post-disaster landscape of Katrina? 1. Middle- and lower-income residents of New Orleans had long sought to replace public schools with private and/or charter schools. Local families were able to use the period in which schools were closed by Katrina as an opportunity to organize meetings to create an alternative educational system in the city. 2. Katrina destroyed or damaged much of the public housing in the City of New Orleans. Legislators and city government officials who disliked public housing used this as an opportunity to permanently shutter most public housing in the city without much public input. 3. Scientists recognized that wetlands provided important ecosystem services like flood protection. After Katrina, these scientists worked with residents of flood prone areas to create a collaborative

Katrina destroyed or damaged much of the public housing in the City of New Orleans. Legislators and city government officials who disliked public housing used this as an opportunity to permanently shutter most public housing in the city without much public input.

_________ lines measure distances east and west of the ____________

Longitude, Prime

Which of the following is not a potential example of increased vulnerability in a disaster? 1. High tech outdoor warning systems that are dependent upon human action to trigger the warnings. 2. Lower socioeconomic housing being relocated to areas outside of the flood plain with access to evacuation corridors. 3. Highly engineered flood management systems built to withstand high water levels established 75 years ago. 4. Bridges that are deteriorating due to a lack of infrastructural funding and bipartisan political support.

Lower socioeconomic housing being relocated to areas outside of the flood plain with access to evacuation corridors.

Which of the following is not a correct example of cascading effects, as seen in a disaster we have considered in class. Pay attention both to the order and factual accuracy of events in each option. Levee construction -> Expanding Post Reconstruction-Era Sharecropper Agriculture System -> A year of heavy rain -> Levee failures -> 1927 Flood Pyrophytic or "fire loving" plant evolution -> decreasing impact of Santa Ana winds -> homebuilding in the Malibu hills -> demand for "total fire suppression" -> stronger Malibu fires Plantation based colonialism -> increased class stratification -> Hurricane Dora -> powerline mismanagement by utility company -> Maui fire.

Pyrophytic or "fire loving" plant evolution -> decreasing impact of Santa Ana winds -> homebuilding in the Malibu hills -> demand for "total fire suppression" -> stronger Malibu fires

FIll in the Blank (Two Words): You are more likely to communicate where you are to friends and family members using street names or descriptions of the area. This method of describing where we are is known as ________________.

Relative Location

The term that social scientists use to describe access to supportive community and family networks that can help someone recover from a disaster is called ______

Resilience

Which of the following social science concepts is incorrectly paired with an applied example? Agency - relocating to a new town or state after a disaster threatens one's livelihood and compels them to consider alternative jobs, etc. Groupthink - first responders & emergency mangers failing to bring in neighborhood residents to consult on a fire evacuation strategy for a community. Social Stratification - equal fire response resources being provided to both residents of Malibu as well as well as residents of the town of Paradise, California. Power - the gradual overthrow of the Somoza regime in Nicaragua and the subsequent Nicaraguan Revolution, a process in part initiated by the 1972 Managua Earthquake.

Social Stratification - equal fire response resources being provided to both residents of Malibu as well as well as residents of the town of Paradise, California.

The map below is demonstrating what socio-spatial phenomena? contagious diffusion proximity diffusion hierarchical diffusion relocation diffusion

contagious diffusion

The 2nd _______________ of Capitalism is most useful for understanding environmental justice concerns, like exposure to toxic relief inventory sites, landfills, and abandoned industrial property (one word).

contradiction

The term that social scientists use to describe something like the formation of pop-up wellness shelters and clinics formed by average citizens in the aftermath of a disaster is called _________

emergence

Which of the following is not a correct statement about mental mapping: 1. more detailed mental maps of place are likely a good indicator of intentional and focused time spent within that space. 2. there is no relationship between the strength or level of detail of person's mental map of a place and their perceived negative bias about that place. 3. in gentrified neighborhoods, more recent arrivals are more likely to have stronger mental maps of major features across the entire city, but weak mental maps of the internal characteristics of individual neighborhoods 4. detailed mental maps of relatively smaller geographical areas likely indicate strong place attachment.

there is no relationship between the strength or level of detail of person's mental map of a place and their perceived negative bias about that place.

Scalar impacts can't always be immediately assessed after a disaster and sometimes need to be determined later on or are revealed gradually, with time. True or False

true