IST 345 CH 2

Project Life Cycle

A collection of project phases, such as concept, development, implementation, and close-out

Structural Frame

A frame that deals with how the organization is structured (usually depicted in an organizational chart) and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management

Human Resources frame

A frame that focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems

virtual team

A group of people who work together despite time and space boundaries using communication technologies

executive steering committee

A group of senior executives from various parts of the organization who regularly review important corporate projects and issues

systems approach

A holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems that includes using a systems philosophy, systems analysis, and systems management

Systems Thinking

A holistic view of an organization to effectively handle complex situations

Kill point

A management review that should occur after each project phase to determine if projects should be continued, redirected, or terminated; also called a phase exit

systems analysis

A problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system to be studied, and then dividing it into component parts for identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs

Deliverable

A product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project

champion

A senior manager who acts as a key proponent for a project

Systems Management

Addressing the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system

matrix organizational structure

An organizational structure in which employees are assigned to both functional and project managers

functional organizational structure

An organizational structure that groups people by functional areas such as IT, manufacturing, engineering, and human resources

project organizational structure

An organizational structure that groups people by major projects

systems philosophy

An overall model for thinking about things as systems

Which of the following is not a part of the three-sphere model for systems management? a. Business b. Information c. Technology d. Organization

B. information

politics

Competition between groups or individuals for power and leadership

Offshoring

Outsourcing from another country

agile

Quick and coordinated in movement; a method based on iterative and incremental development, in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration

IT governance

The authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management

Scrum

The leading agile development methodology for completing projects with a complex, innovative scope of work

Political Frame

a frame that addresses organization and personal politics

Symbolic Frame

a frame that focuses on the symbols, meanings, and culture of an organization

Kanban

a just-in-time method of inventory control that can be modified used in conjunction with Scrum

Product Life Cycle

a process used to define, create, and deliver products

organization culture

a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization

Predictive Life Cycle

a software development approach used when the scope of the project can be articulated clearly and the schedule and cost can be predicted accurately

a __________ is a product or service, such as technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project a. deliverable b. product c. work package d. tangible goal

a. deliverable

which of the following terms describes a framework of the phases involved in developing information systems? a. systems development life cycle b. rapid application development c. predictive life cycle d.extreme programming

a. systems development life cycle

outsourcing

an organizations acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which of the following statements is false? a. an analysis project life cycle is a collection of project phases b. a product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle c. the waterfall approach is an example of a predictive life cycle model d. agile is an example of an adaptive life cycle model

b. a product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle

The nature of IT projects is different from the nature of projects in many other industries because they are very ________________ a. expensive b. technical c. diverse d. challenging

c. diverse

Personnel in a ____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses. a. functional b. project c. matrix d. hybrid

c. matrix

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are important except . a. member identity b. group emphasis c. risk tolerance d. control

d. control

________________ is the leading agile development method. a. extreme programming b. sprint c. kanban d. scrum

d. scrum

Which of the four frames of organizations addresses how meetings are run, employee dress codes, and expected work hours? a. structural b. human resources c. political d. symbolic

d. symbolic

phase gate review phase exit

management reviews that keep projects on track and determine if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated; also called phase exits and kill points

What term describes an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source in another country? a. globalization b. offshoring c. exporting d. global

offshoring