ITEC Chp 2 Hardware

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Disk cache

Memory located next to the processor

L3 cache

File Server

Used for data storage.

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .

apps (applications)

A personal computer with a separate system unit (chassis or tower) and a relatively large footprint is called a

desktop

Screen size is measured ___ across the monitor.

diagonally

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

The computer that can be found inside a digital watch (not an iWatch) is referred to as a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system.

embedded

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer ___ .

hardware

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.

higher

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _____.

hyperthreading

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___

keyboard

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a .

mainframe computer

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.

much smaller than computer's RAM

Changing processor setting so that computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called .

overclocking

Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called _____. This can increase performance and speed, but also can also void the manufacturer warranty.

overclocking

Media players allow you to listen to audio files such as music, podcasts, listen to audio books, and watch videos. Media players are often referred to as _____ Media Players due to their transportability and customization.

personal

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ___

processor

IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a

protocols

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

Which of the following provide data storage?

solid-state drive (SSD) Server bank External hard drive

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.

storage

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

Magnetically charged particles on spinning disks are how ____________store data.

traditional hard drive

Represented by either a 0 or 1, a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process.

bit

short-distance wireless communications technology, uses relatively short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, speakers, and headphones.

bluetooth

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called

cache

Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.

clock rate

The amount of data that defines each color in a pixel is called ___.

color depth

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.

computer

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a .

server

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___

server

Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.

slower

can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more, The most powerful computers

supercomputer

hard drive capacity

the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

Which of the following are storage devices?

(a) Optical drive (b) External hard drive (c) Universal serial bus (USB) drive

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___

2-in-1

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

An operating system A universal serial bus (USB) port

Motherboard location in Smartphone

Behind the touchscreen

CPU

CPU or central processing unit, is the "brains" of any digital device. It is sometimes referred to as simply the processor.

One way to delete unused files from your Windows hard drive is to use the Disk ___ app

Cleanup

Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

False

Which four steps are the part of the machine cycle?

Fetch, decode, execute, and store

Intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

Machine cycle

The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players

Media

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as ___ cache.

L1

IPOS

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORE

Not a feature of a tablet computer

-Includes a terabyte (TB) or more of storage. -Most allow you to upgrade RAM -You cannot upgrade RAM in a tablet computer. Tablet computers do not include a terabyte (TB) of storage.

Which three of the following are correct statements regarding clock speed?

-Increasing the clock speed of a processor is called overclocking. -Clock speed is sometimes called clock rate. -The clock speed is the base speed at which the processor performs the machine cycle each second.

Tablet computer characteristics

-Touchscreen is primary input -Tablet computers are highly portable, have a smaller operating system (OS), and include a touchscreen -Highly portable -Smaller OS (usually)

Petabyte (PB)

1,000 terabytes of data

Gigabyte (GB)

One billion bytes of data

____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Which three of the following colors are used to create pixels in most output devices?

Red Green Blue

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Terabytes Gigabytes

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding the CPU?

The CPU is made up of the computer's RAM and ROM. The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer.

Put the steps of the boot process in the correct order.

the device is powered on and the CPU activate BIOS the power on self test is executed the OS is loaded into RAM The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configuration settings

Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top.

1. Petabyte 2. Terabyte 3. Gigabyte 4. Megabyte 5. Kilobyte

Processors typically have a word size of either ___ or ___.

32 bits; 64 bits

Which two of the following would be used to store a single bit of data?

A transistor A hole in a punchcard

Which two of the following are correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?

An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor. All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor.

Another name for a computer's processor is the:

CPU

Which two of the following statements are true about the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoding standard?

Capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols. Can represent a total of 256 characters

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding a byte?

Each number, special character, and letter of the alphabet is represented as a byte Equal to 8 bits

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

Footprint

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.

HDMI

Which of the following are characteristics of a traditional hard drive?

Has a read/write head to detect magnetic charges. Has physically spinning platters. Uses magnetic charges to store data.

Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer.

Has as a touchscreen Usually has a mobile operating system Is highly mobile

Laptop computer characteristic

Hinged, clamshell-type mobile computer Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

Motherboard location in Desktop

In tower or chassis

Embedded Computers

Integrated a part of a larger device or system. Have smaller operating systems called RTOS Real Time Operating Systems

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad Full operating system Mobile

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

Intel

Examples of computers

Laptops Desktops all in ones tablets smartphones mainframes servers gaming consoles embedded devices

Desktop computer characteristic

Not mobile, but allows for relatively easy upgrade and expansion. Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.

Megabyte (MB)

One million bytes of data

Kilobyte (KB)

One thousand bytes of data

Terabyte (TB)

One trillion bytes of data

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players.

Personal

Which two of the following responses best define the term "resolution" in output devices?

Quality of the image Number of pixels in a display

Which three of the following statements are true regarding resolution?

The higher a screen's resolution, the more pixels it contains. Resolution refers to the number of pixels in a display device. Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image.

A coding scheme capable of representing the languages of the world, uses 16 bits to represent information.

UNICODE

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web.

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

Web Server Network Server File Server

The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____ .

bus width

Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____ .

buses

ASCII

coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information.

A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a

computer bus

A digital device that accepts input, processes data into information, stores data, and provides output is a

computer/laptop

Examples of Embedded Computer

digital watch thermostat coffee pot anti lock breaks and ignition systems in vehicles

In the image, what use approximately 1 byte of data?

entering in one letter on the computer

The speed of most modern processors is measured in _____.

gigahertz

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called ___.

graphics

A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is

hertz

Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.

million

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ______-core processor.

multi

The actual number of pixels (resolution) in a monitor is called

native resolution

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a ____.

single-core processor

The location of the laptop computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer.

system

The number of bits that can be processed at one time during one machine cycle is a processor's _____.

word size

Tablet computer characteristic

Highly mobile—you can use it while standing or walking around Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

Small computers that are a component of other devices are called ___ computers.

embedded

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

High-Definition multimedia

If you want a non-mobile computer without the relatively large footprint of a desktop, consider purchasing a(n) ___ computer.

all-in-one

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L1 cache

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.

RAM

Motherboard location in Laptop

Beneath keyboard

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the

screen

If you buy a new computer game that emphasizes graphics, or new photo/video editing software for your desktop computer, you may want to purchase a new ___.

video/graphics card

All-in-one computer characteristic

Not mobile, but since most of its components are housed behind the monitor it takes relatively little space on your desk. Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

Solid State Drive (SSD)

all-electronic storage devices that are used in a variety of products including smartphones, cameras, and tablet computers. SSDs have no moving parts, which makes them faster and more durable than hard drives.

The four basic functions of a computer are to:

1 - accept data input 2 - process data into information 3 - present output 4 - provide storage

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as

read-only memory (ROM)