Jane Addams and Progressive Era

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. It is based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production (industry).

settlement house

An institution that provided various community services especially to large city immigrant and poor populations.

muckraker

An investigative journalist or reporter who focuses on exposing the problems in society.

Grimke Sisters

Angelina and Sarah Grimke wrote and lectured vigorously on reform causes such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and the abolitionist movement. They were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911

March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers.

Jacob Riis

Muckraker who photographed and documented many of Chicago's poor slum dwellers and living conditions.

17th Amendment

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

Woodrow Wilson

President (1913-1921) 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Initiative

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.

Urban

Related or referring to a city

Rural

Relating to farm areas and life in the country

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican President (1901-1905) and (1905-1909) Famous for Conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War. When asked about his foreign policy, he said a president should, "Walk Softly and Carry a Big Stick"

Robert LaFollette

Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

The Meat Inspection Act of 1906

(1906) Federal consumer-protection law that required the government inspection of interstate meat shipments. Passed to require accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats. Passed because of the public outcry over Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle".

World War I

(1914 - 1918) European war in which an alliance including Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States defeated the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. War sparked by assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Causes were nationalism, and romanticism. Resulted in a humiliating German defeat and the establishment of communism in Russia

Alice Paul

..., head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking. Leader of National Woman's party; used aggressive, militant tactics to persuade Congress and the public, as she had seen the English do for their suffrage. Used mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes.

Jane Addams

1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. Founder of the social work profession. A social reformer who opened and operated the largest settlement house in Chicago called Hull House.

18th Amendment

1920 Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Communism

A political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country.

Recall

A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.

social worker

A professional who is concerned with providing social services, treatment, and material aid to the economically, physically, mentally, or socially disadvantaged.

tenement

A rundown, overcrowded, dimly lit apartment building usually located in the slum areas of cities.

Referendum

A state level method of direct democracy that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislative action or a proposed amendment. Occurs when a state wants the voter's opinion on a controversial issue.

Mafia

A term borrowed from Italy and widely used in Russia to describe networks of organized criminal activity that pervade both economic and governmental securities in that country as well as activities. such as the demanding of protection money, bootlegging alcohol, bribing government officials, contract killing, and extortion.

The Red Scare

A widespread fear of Communism in America provoked by the public's association of labor violence with its fear of revolution. The fear in the United States that a communist revolution could take place in America Began in 1919 when Lenin and his followers overthrew the current government in Russia and called for a worldwide revolution that would abolish capitalism everywhere and replace it with communism.

19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. Women's right to vote a.k.a. women's suffrage.

16th Amendment

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

Sherman AntiTrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

Lucy Stone

Formed American Women's suffrage movement, School teacher, daughter of a farmer, became abolitionist, lecturer for Anti-Slavery Society, good at giving speeches, disagreed with Susan Anthony, did not want to separate the women's rights movement from the aboltionist/civil rights movement.

sweatshop

Hot, dimly lit, and dangerous factory where workers were subject to long hours for little wages.

Lucy Burns

Lucy Burns was an American suffragist and women's rights advocate. She was a passionate activist in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Burns was a close friend of Alice Paul, and together they ultimately formed the National Woman's Party

KKK

Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people. They are anti-black, anti-Semitic, anti-immigration & anti-homo-sexuality. They fought the American Mafia for influence of America during the Progressive era

Food & Drug Administration

The federal agency formed in 1913 and assigned the task of approving all food products and drugs sold in the United States.

Hull House

The most famous settlement house in America offering critical social services like health care, education, and foster care to the poor.

Women's Christian Temperance Union

WCTU All-women organization founded in 1874 to advocate for total abstinence from alcohol. The WCTU provided important political training for women (helped suffrage movement) was the first mass organization among women devoted to social reform with a program that "linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity." Instrumental in banning alcohol and helping women get the vote.

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Susan B. Anthony

social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation