jarvis PEHA 23 Neuro EAQ

The nurse is assessing a patient who is on long-term therapy for seizures. An assessment shows that the patient has a staggering gait and a positive Romberg sign. Which medication could cause these complications? Multiple choice question A barbiturate An anticonvulsant An antipsychotic A dopaminergic

A barbiturate

Which condition may cause decorticate posture in a patient? Multiple choice question A lesion in the cerebrum A lesion in the midbrain A lesion in the upper pons A lesion in the cerebral hemispheres

A lesion in the cerebral hemispheres

The nurse is helping to stabilize a patient who is experiencing a generalized seizure. The patient has an increased heart rate and violent muscular contractions. When this current stage of the seizure passes, which symptoms does the nurse expect to see in the next stage? Multiple selection question Confusion Disorientation Muscular rigidity High-pitched cry Loss of consciousness

Confusion Disorientation

Which conditions may cause peripheral neuropathy in a patient? Multiple selection question Meningioma Diabetes mellitus Cervical spondylosis Shoulder dislocation Nutritional deficiency

Diabetes mellitus Nutritional deficiency

The nurse is assessing an older adult patient who has tremors. During the interview, the nurse observes the patient's tremors worsening due to emotional stress. Which medication would be beneficial for the patient? Multiple choice question Diazepam (Valium) Levodopa (Sinemet) Ibuprofen (Ultraprin) Chlorpromazine (Largactil)

Diazepam (Valium)

Which pathologic reflexes does the nurse observe in a patient with meningeal irritation? Multiple selection question Kernig's sign Gordon's sign Babinski reflex Brudzinski's sign Oppenheim's sign

Kernig's sign Brudzinski's sign

Which tests should the nurse perform to assess cerebellar function in a patient? Multiple selection question Romberg test Extinction test Stereognosis test Point location test Finger-to-nose test

Romberg test Finger-to-nose test

What is the function of the fibers present in the posterior column? Multiple choice question Sensation of pain Sensation of temperature Sensation of crude touch Sensations of position and vibration

Sensations of position and vibration

The nurse asks the patient to close the eyes and then places a paper clip on the patient's palm. The patient is asked to recognize the object. Which test is the nurse performing? Multiple choice question Extinction Stereognosis Graphesthesia Discrimination

Stereognosis

The nurse flashes light into the eyes of a 5-year-old child and observes ocular misalignment and a deviated gaze. What condition does the nurse expect to find in the child? Multiple choice question Nystagmus Strabismus Horner syndrome Myasthenia gravis

Strabismus

Which lobe of the brain is associated with language comprehension? Multiple choice question Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

What should the patient's response be when the nurse tests the cremasteric reflex? Multiple choice question Elevation of the scrotum Plantar flexion of the big toe Contraction of the anal sphincter Contraction of the quadriceps muscle

Elevation of the scrotum

Which instruction would the nurse give to a patient while performing the Romberg test? Multiple choice question "Walk heel to toe across the room." "Pronate and supinate the hands rapidly." "Run the heel of the foot down the opposite shin." "Stand with feet together and eyes open then closed."

"Stand with feet together and eyes open then closed."

During testing of two-point discrimination in a patient's fingertips, what distance to distinguish between the two points would be normal? Multiple choice question 2 to 4 mm 2 to 8 mm 8 to 12 mm 40 to 75 mm

2 to 8 mm

While assessing the deep tendon reflexes in a patient, the nurse finds that the responses are very brisk and hyperactive, with clonus. Which grade should the nurse enter in the patient's medical record? Multiple choice question 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+

4+

What percentage of the population has a dominant left hemisphere, including those who are left-handed? Multiple choice question 70% 75% 87% 95%

95%

Which reflex helps the nurse assess the functioning of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) in an infant? Multiple choice question Gag reflex Sucking reflex Optical blink reflex Acoustic blink reflex

Acoustic blink reflex

In which patient would the nurse expect to find a palmar grasp reflex and a positive Babinski reflex? Multiple choice question An infant A child An adolescent An adult

An infant

The nurse observes a student nurse who is assessing pain perception in a patient. Which action of the student nurse needs correction? Multiple choice question Using a sharp edge of a tongue blade to test pain Discarding the tongue blade after the assessment Maintaining a 2-second gap between each pain stimulus Applying the tongue blade on the patient's body in a systematic order

Applying the tongue blade on the patient's body in a systematic order

The nurse is assessing a patient who has a sensory cortex lesion. The nurse instructs the patient to close the eyes and places a key in the patient's hand. The nurse finds that the patient is unable to identify the object by touch. Which clinical sign does the patient's response indicate? Multiple choice question Clonus Torticollis Astereognosis Hyperreflexia

Astereognosis

Which type of tremor is most common in a patient with cerebral palsy? Multiple choice question Chorea Athetosis Familial tremor Intention tremor

Athetosis

How would an adult patient normally respond to the plantar reflex? Multiple choice question By flexing the toes By flexing the elbow By extending the great toe By extending the lower leg

By flexing the toes

While assessing a patient, the nurse notes that the patient cannot touch the tip of the nose with the forefinger. The patient also loses balance when the eyes are closed. Which disorder does the patient have? Multiple choice question Bell's palsy Hypoesthesia Meningeal irritation Cerebellar dysfunction

Cerebellar dysfunction

Which findings would the nurse observe in a patient with flaccid quadriplegia? Multiple selection question Hyperextension of the back Prolonged arching of the back Complete loss of muscle tone Paralysis of all four extremities Prolonged adduction of the arm

Complete loss of muscle tone Paralysis of all four extremities

Which cranial nerve injury may cause anosmia in the patient? Multiple choice question Cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) Cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)

Cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve)

Which cranial nerves more commonly undergo demyelination in a patient with multiple sclerosis? Multiple selection question Cranial nerve I Cranial nerve II Cranial nerve III Cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve VII

Cranial nerve II Cranial nerve III

While assessing neurologic function, the nurse touches a cotton wisp on the patient's forehead, cheeks, and chin. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing? Multiple choice question Cranial nerve IV Cranial nerve V Cranial nerve VI Cranial nerve VII

Cranial nerve V

While assessing a patient with lower motor neuron lesion, the nurse sees that the patient has an asymmetric smile and is unable to wrinkle the forehead. Damage to which cranial nerve could cause these findings? Multiple choice question Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) Cranial nerve VIII (auditory nerve)

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

While performing an assessment, the nurse notes the absence of corneal, abdominal, and cremasteric reflexes on the right side of the patient's body. The patient shows spastic paralysis on the left side of the body. What is the probable reason for this condition? Multiple choice question Defect in cranial nerve IX Demyelination of neurons Lower motor neuron damage Damage to the corticospinal tract

Damage to the corticospinal tract

The nurse is caring for a patient who has resting tremors and abnormally slow movement. The nurse also observes flat expression, reduced eye blinking, and slouched posture in the patient. What reason does the nurse expect for these findings in the patient? Multiple choice question Damage to the cerebral cortex Damage to the corticospinal tract Degeneration of the upper motor neurons Degeneration of the dopamine-containing neurons

Degeneration of the dopamine-containing neurons

Which test helps to screen the gross and fine motor coordination skills of an infant? Multiple choice question Weber test Denver II test Romberg test Heel-to-shin test

Denver II test

Which areas of consciousness would a nurse rate while assessing a patient with the Glasgow Coma Scale? Multiple selection question Eye opening Pulse rate Verbal response Blood pressure Motor response

Eye opening Verbal response Motor response

What are the characteristics of lower motor neuron lesions? Multiple selection question Spasticity Hyperreflexia Fasciculation Muscular atrophy Loss of superficial abdominal reflexes

Fasciculation Muscular atrophy

Which abnormality of muscle tone would the nurse find in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome? Multiple choice question Rigidity Flaccidity Spasticity Cogwheel rigidity

Flaccidity

Which part of the brain is associated with personality and intellectual functioning? Multiple choice question Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

Frontal lobe

A patient who had a stroke is experiencing a severe throbbing headache, vomiting, and focal seizures. After reviewing the medical reports of the patient, the nurse confirms that the patient had a hemorrhagic stroke. Which condition could have caused the stroke? Multiple choice question Hemophilia Endocarditis Atrial fibrillation Atherosclerosis

Hemophilia

Which tract of the central nervous system carries the sensations of pain and temperature? Multiple choice question Extrapyramidal Lateral spinothalamic Anterior corticospinal Anterior spinothalamic

Lateral spinothalamic

While assessing an adult patient, the nurse observes stiff extension of the upper and the lower extremities, clenching of the teeth, and hyperextension of the back. What could be the cause of these findings in the patient? Multiple choice question Meningeal irritation Lesion in the upper pons Lesion in the cerebral cortex Injury to the extrapyramidal motor tracts

Lesion in the upper pons

A patient presents with prolonged arching of the back with the head and heels bent backward. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the patient? Multiple choice question Meningeal irritation Brachial plexus palsy Lesions in the brainstem Lesions in the cerebral cortex

Meningeal irritation

Which signs would the nurse observe in a patient with Alzheimer disease? Multiple selection question Diplopia Bradykinesia Mood swings Disorientation Loss of initiative

Mood swings Disorientation Loss of initiative

Which reflex finding in a 6-month-old infant would need immediate medical attention? Multiple choice question Moro reflex Sucking reflex Babinski reflex Tonic neck reflex

Moro reflex

Which statement precisely describes the efferent fibers? Multiple choice question Sensory neurons carrying impulses from receptors Motor neurons influencing or modifying the lower motor neurons Motor neurons carrying impulses to the muscles, organs, and glands Motor neurons originating in the motor cortex and traveling to the brainstem

Motor neurons carrying impulses to the muscles, organs, and glands

The nurse finds that a patient has crossed knees, fatigue, nystagmus, and diplopia. During the assessment, the nurse also observes that the patient is unable to maintain balance with the eyes closed. Which complication is present in the patient? Multiple choice question Athetosis Myoclonus Meningitis Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis

While assessing a patient with myasthenia gravis, the nurse sees that the patient has drooping upper eyelids. Damage to which cranial nerve could cause this finding? Multiple choice question Acoustic Olfactory Oculomotor Hypoglossal

Oculomotor

After assessing a patient, the nurse suspects that a patient has a sensory cortex lesion. Which test did the nurse use for this assessment? Multiple choice question Weber test Point location test Finger-to-nose test Finger-to-finger test

Point location test

After assessing a 3-year-old child, the nurse suspects pyramidal tract disease. Which finding is consistant with this condition? Multiple choice question Extension of the limbs Positive Babinski reflex Presence of a Moro reflex Asymmetry in upper limb movements

Positive Babinski reflex

The nurse asks the patient to close the eyes and then traces the number 5 on the patient's palm. The patient is unable to identify the number even after repeated attempts. This finding could indicate damage to what part of the patient's brain? Multiple choice question Cerebellum Sensory cortex Cranial nerve XII Dorsal spinothalamic tract

Sensory cortex

What are the components of a reflex arc? Multiple selection question Nucleus Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Neuromuscular junction

Sensory nerve Motor nerve Neuromuscular junction

While assessing the sense of smell, the nurse observes that the patient is unable to identify the odor of coffee. What conditions should the nurse further assess in the patient? Multiple selection question Sinusitis Allergic rhinitis Brainstem tumor Fracture of the cribriform plate Increase in intracranial pressure

Sinusitis Allergic rhinitis Fracture of the cribriform plate

What is the major function of the glossopharyngeal nerve? Multiple choice question Tasting of food Swallowing and gagging Lateral movement of the eye Muscular movement of the tongue

Swallowing and gagging

How would a nurse test a patient's superficial reflex? Multiple choice question Test the elevation of the ipsilateral testicle Test the reactions elicited by stroking the skin. Test the rhythmic contractions of the calf muscle Test the deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities

Test the reactions elicited by stroking the skin.

Which statement describes decerebrate rigidity? Multiple choice question The arms are flexed, and the legs are extended. The back is hyperextended, and the palms are pronated. The muscle tone is lost, and all four extremities are paralyzed. The back is arched, and the head and heels are bent backward

The back is hyperextended, and the palms are pronated.

While examining an 8-month-old infant, the nurse observes a palmar grasp reflex. What does the nurse infer from this finding? Multiple choice question It is a normal finding. The infant may have a nerve injury. The infant may have a frontal lobe lesion. The infant may have occipital lobe damage

The infant may have a frontal lobe lesion.

The nurse pinches the nose of an infant to assess the functioning of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal). Which response of the infant indicates a normally functioning cranial nerve XII? Multiple choice question The infant wrinkles the forehead. The infant blinks the eyes with rapid closure. The infant opens the mouth and raises the tongue. The infant cries with a symmetrical facial movement.

The infant opens the mouth and raises the tongue.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a seizure disorder. The nurse observes that the patient is in the tonic phase of a generalized seizure. Which findings enabled the nurse to reach such a conclusion? Multiple selection question The patient bites the tongue. The patient's heart rate is elevated. The patient shows a facial grimace. The patient remains in a confused state. The patient opens the mouth and the eyes.

The patient bites the tongue. The patient opens the mouth and the eyes

A patient reports a loss of pain and temperature sensation in the right lumbar region. The patient has also lost the sensations of vibration and position discrimination on the left side of the lumbar region. What does the nurse understand from these findings? Multiple choice question The patient has chorea. The patient has flaccid quadriplegia. The patient hasperipheral neuropathy. The patient has Brown-Séquard syndrome.

The patient has Brown-Séquard syndrome

While assessing a patient, the nurse finds that the patient has difficulty swallowing and some ingested fluids are regurgitated through the nose. What does the nurse infer about the patient's neurologic condition from these findings? Multiple choice question The patient has bilateral paralysis of cranial nerve III. The patient has a unilateral lesion on cranial nerve V. The patient has bilateral lesions on cranial nerve X. The patient has bilateral lesions oncranial nerve XII.

The patient has bilateral lesions on cranial nerve X.

Which sign or symptom would the nurse expect to find in a patient with aphasia? Multiple choice question The patient has lost the ability to smell. The patient has lost the ability to taste. The patient has lost the ability to stand or walk. The patient has lost the ability to understand language.

The patient has lost the ability to understand language.

How would a patient respond normally to the brachioradialis reflex test? Multiple choice question The patient is able to extend the lower leg. The patient is able to hang the wrist flaccidly. The patient is able to move the jaw repeatedly. The patient is able to flex and supinate the forearm.

The patient is able to flex and supinate the forearm.

A patient is given a score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale. What does this score indicate? Multiple choice question The patient is fully alert. The patient is in a coma. The patient is able to obey commands. The patient has a brain injury affecting the cortex.

The patient is in a coma.

While reviewing the neuroimaging reports of a patient who was in an accident, the nurse sees that the patient's cerebellum is damaged. What is the most likely result of this injury? Multiple choice question The patient may have loss of libido. The patient may have loss of memory. The patient may have impaired thermoregulation. The patient may have impaired voluntary movements.

The patient may have impaired voluntary movements.

While performing a neurologic assessment on a patient, the nurse asks the patient to stand straight and to close the eyes. The nurse then instructs the patient to stretch out both arms with the palms facing up and to hold that position. The nurse observes that the patient's left palm starts turning downwards within 10 seconds, though the patient can hold the right hand steady. What does the nurse suspect from this finding? Multiple choice question The patient may have athetosis. The patient may have dysarthria. The patient may have pronator drift. The patient may have astereognosis.

The patient may have pronator drift.

A patient reports a sudden and severe throbbing headache and right arm weakness. The nurse notices that the patient has facial drooping and stuttered speech. The MRI reports reveal the development of an atherosclerotic plaque formation in the middle cerebral artery. What condition in the patient could be associated with these findings? Multiple choice question Silent stroke Embolic stroke Thrombotic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke

Thrombotic stroke

Which type of basic reflex includes the pupillary response and accommodation? Multiple choice question Visceral reflex Superficial reflex Pathologic reflex Deep tendon reflex

Visceral reflex