jerome ch 7

Aphasia can affect walking, reading, writing and others but it does not affect ______

Intelligence

An ______ method of investigating the brain means that an experimenter physically interferes with the brain.

Invasive

Does special neglect damage a person's eye?

No the eyes function normally, is resulted through brain being damaged usually the right parietal lobe.

A person who suffers from Broca's aphasia may have speech that is ______________>

Non-fluent

Studying the brain diagram helps researches to determine how the _____ undamaged brain functions.

Normal;

In most cases a person with special neglect has sustainable damage to the ____ lobe of their brain.

Parietal

A person's ability to write is impaired (b or w)

Broca's

Can understand spoken language (b or w)

Broca's

Caused by damage to a specific area, usually in the felt frontal lobe (B or W)

Broca's

It was Paul _______ who pinpointed the specific that is responsible for the function of speech production.

Broca's

More likely to be consciously aware of their difficulties.

Broca's

Speech is non-fluent (b or w)

Broca's

Speech is slow, laboured and fragmented (b or w)

Broca's

Speech tends to contain nouns and verbs only (b or w)

Broca's

_____ refers to our knowledge and the beliefs, thoughts and ideals we have about ourselves in the environment.

Cognition

_______ refers to our knowledge and the beliefs, thoughts and ideas that we have about ourselves and our environment.

Cognition

____ include mental processes involving in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge.

Cognitive processes

_________ include those mental processes involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge.

Cognitive processes

An operation called __________ prevents communication between two hemispheres of the brain.

Commisurotomy

In split brain surgery patients undergo surgery where the ______ is severed.

Corpus callosum

Why is Wernicke's aphasia sometimes referred to as receptive aphasia? Why is this term misleading?

Difficulty understanding written and spoken language, its misleading because they also have difficulty producing written and spoken language that makes sense to others.

Broca's aphasia results from damage to Broca's area and is often referred to as _________ aphasia.

Expressive

Aphasia lowers intelligence (t or f)

False

People with aphasia, rarely, if ever, show signs of recovery

False

Why is Broca's aphasia sometimes referred to as expressive aphasia?

A person with broca's has difficulty has difficulty expressing (communicating) themselves in words or sentences but their ability to comprehend language is largely unaffected. Typically, little speech is produced and what is produced tends to be slow; words are generated with considerable effort and are poorly articulated, and short words are often left out.

An impairment of language caused by damage to the brain is called ______.

Aphasia

________ is the impairment of language caused by damage to the brain.

Aphasia

Today _____ techniques on healthy brain waves provides insights into the functions of areas of the brain that are used for language.

Brain scanning

Broca's aphasia is caused by damage in the area in the left _____ lobe.

Frontal

What is spatial neglect?

Is a disorder in which the affected person systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body. If there is spatial neglect after brain injury, in most cases the injury is to the posterior region of the parietal lobe.

What is the corpus callosum and what is sits main function?

It is the thick band of about 200 million nerve fibres connecting the right and left hemispheres.

A major aspect of the cognition involves attention, perception, memory, _____ and learning.

Language

Aphasia case studies have highlighted that:

Language and speech functions are primarily performed in the left hemisphere of the brain

Broca's area is located in the:

Left frontal lobe

Give an example of behaviour that a person with spatial neglect is likely to exhibit.

Most suffers are blissful unaware that they have a defect (a condition called anosognosia). Others that may know they have a problem but seemed unconcerned about it (anosodiphoria). An example of this condition of is Mrs S's blindness to apply makeup on the left side of the face, she thought she had done all of her makeup when n reality she hasn't.

The motor cortex

Move the appropriate muscles of the face, lips, larynx, and the diagram and the words pronounced

_______ refers to the processes where the brain organises and interprets sensory information.

Perception

________ refers to the processes whereby the brain organises and interprets sensory information.

Perception

Spatial neglect can result from a number of areas of the brain being damaged, Usually the right ____ lobe is damages.

Posterior parietal.

A person with Wernicke's aphasia may:

Produce fluent speech that makes no sense

Broca's area

Receives messages from Wernicke's area and translates it into speech patterns

Wernicke's aphasia is often referred to as ______ aphasia.

Receptive

What is an operation that is used to control severe epileptic seizure?

Severed corpus callosum

Explain why an image is only presences for a brief amount of time when testing split brain patients

So that the image only fell on one half of the retina.

Why is Broca's theory of the broca's area impairs motor instructions for vocalising words questioned?

Some people with Broca's aphasia can still speak-well rehearsed phrases, recite poems, sing, and even curse and swear with relative ease. Theses phrases are typically spontaneous (they just pop out if the mouth)or well-memorised (singers often sing in languages that they do not understand) and require, little, if any, conscious effort. Therefore the ability to translate information into speech patterns and express meaning is compromised.

________ is a disorder in which the person affected systematically ignores stimuli on one side of the body

Spatial Neglect

Can spatial neglect vary in degree of severity between sufferers?

Spatial neglect can be a result of brain damage. The location and extent of damage is likely to influence the degree of neglect, which can range from mild to severe.

Roger ____ pioneered research on split brain personality.

Sperry

Describe the experimental situation that Sperry and Gazzaniga used to test split-brain patient:

Sperry presented a visual image to one side of the visual field for a brief period (0.1 of a second) before the eyes could move so that the image only fell on only one half of the retina. He set up an apparatus ion which a person would sit in front of a screen staring straight ahead and images could be flashed to the left or right visual field. Sperry could place object behind the screen out of sight from the patient but within reach of either hand. The ability to respond what they has seen or responded in various other ways provided an indication of what each hemi process.

A person with Wernicke's aphasia may have sustainable brain damage to the left ______ lobe in the brain.

Temporal

Visual cortex y.

The information first registers here

Can you see and describe an object in your left visual field when you have split brain:

The left hemi can identify pictures and name them.

Wernicke's area

The message is receive and then is comprehended

Can you see identify an object with your left hand by touch?

The right hemi can identify pictures by touch but cannot name them.

Information presented in the left visual field each eye falls on

The right side of the retina of each eye and goes to the right hemisphere for processing.

After the corpus callosum surgery a patient is unable to name the object seen at the extreme left of his field of view?

This is a case of special neglect. the patient is blind to either the right or left side. thus, their visual field is only apparent to one hemisphere.

Aphasia is caused by brain damage, such as stroke (t or f)

True

The severity of aphasia can vary between people (t or f)

True

There are different types of aphasia, including brocas's and Wernicke's aphasia (t or f)

True

A person with special neglect is:

Unaware of their condition

Sperry and Gazzaniga's knowledge of visual pathway allowed them to set up an experimental situation where visual images are shown to each ________________.

Visual field

A person with ______ aphasia has difficulty understanding written and spoken language and difficulty in producing written and spoken language that make sense to others.

Wernicke's

A person's ability to read s affected (b or w)

Wernicke's

Able to talk freely and rapidly, but what is said makes little sense (b or w)

Wernicke's

Cannot understand spoken language (b or w)

Wernicke's

Caused by damage to a specific area, usually in the left temporal lobe (B or W)

Wernicke's

Likely to be able to read body language (b or w)

Wernicke's

More likely to be unaware of their language difficulties

Wernicke's

Speech is fluent (b or w)

Wernicke's

_______ aphasia is caused by damage to the left temporal lobe.

Wernicke's

Is she able to identify the object with her left hand by touch?

Yes. The left hemi can identify pictures and name them. IS she likely to say that she saw the object in the right visual field? The right hemi can identify pictures by touch but cannot name them.