Joint categories and synovial joints structure

Types of joints when differentiating by structure

1) Fibrous joint: - held together by fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibres. NO synovial cavity - Eg. skull, teeth in sockets 2) Cartilaginous joint: - held together by cartilage. NO synovial cavity. Eg. pubic symphisis, intervertebral joint 3) Synovial joint: - United by dense irregular connective tissue of an articulate capsule - HAVE a synovial cavity - eg. most joints - elbow, hip, knee

Name the six types of synovial joints

1) Plane joint (Arthrodial joint) - gliding joint - Eg. Acromioclavicular joint 2) Hinge joint - Eg. ankle knee 3) Pivot joint - Eg. radioulnar 4) Condyloid joint - Eg. wrist between radius and carpal bones 5) Saddle joint - Eg. thumb joint 6) Multi axial Ball and socket joint - Eg. hip and shoulder joints

Name the types of joints when differentiating by structure

1) Synarthroses: - IMMOVABLE joints (as in fibrous - skull, teeth) 2) Amphiarthroses - SLIGHTLY movable joints (as in cartilaginous pubic symphysis, tibiofibular joint) 3) Diarthroses: - FREELY movable joints - HAVE a synovial cavity. - Diarthroses joints are always also synovial joints - 6 types

Name the two ways joints can be classified

Based on structure Based on function

Plane joint - Articulated surfaces flat or slightly curved Action: - back and forth and side to side movements e.g - inter carpal, intertarsal, sternocostal, (between stern and second to seventh pair of ribs), vertebrocostal joints

Name '1', its Action and where it is found

Hing Joint - Convex suface fits into concave surface Action: - Uniaxial diarthrosis: flexion and extension Eg. Knee, bow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints

Name '2', its Action and where it is found

Ball-and-socket joint - Ball-like surface fits into cuplike depression Action: - Triaxial diarthrosis: flexion-extension, abduction-adduciton, rotation. Eg. Shoulder and hip joints

Name '3', its Action and where it is found

Saddle Joint: - Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped; articular surface other bone 'sits' in saddle. Action: - Biaxial diarthrosis: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction. Eg. carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and metacarpal of thumb

Name '4', its Action and where it is found

Pivot joint - Rounded or pointed surface fits into ring formed partly by bone and partly by ligament Action: - uniaxial diarthrosis: flection and extension Eg. Atlanto-axial and radioulnar joints

Name '5', its Action and where it is found

Condyloid joint: - Oval shaped projection fits into oval-shaped depression. Action: - Biaxial diarthroisis: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction Eg. Radoiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Name '6', its Action and where it is found

Articular capsule (fibrous membrane and synovial membrane) - structure that incloses the synovial joint and synovial cavity

Name what is indicated

Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage

Name what is indicated

Fibrous membrane - outer dense fibrous connective tissue layer of the articular capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the bone; also forms ligaments when fibbers bundles are parallel

Name what is indicated

Synovial fluid - secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates the articular cartilages to reduce friction

Name what is indicated

synovial membrane - inner layer of the articular capsule; composed of areolar connective tissue containing elastic fibbers and adipocytes

Name what is indicated

Synovial cavity - small space between two articulating bones

Name what is indicated (look at as whole)