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Junior US History Final Exam

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The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was in response to... A. Alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers. B. A Vietminh attack on an American-occupied air base in South Vietnam. C. Mortar attacks on the American embassy in Saigon. D. The decision by North Vietnam to arm its allies in the South. E. The so-called "Tet Offensive" by North Vietnamese soldiers.

A. Alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers.

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was A. Audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office. B. Eyewitness testimony from Nixon confidants in the White House. C. Phone records kept by Nixon's personal secretary. D. Nixon's personal diaries. E. Journals kept by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

A. Audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.

The 1931 Scottsboro court case saw... A. Black teenagers accused of rape by two white women. B. a Georgia jury convict all of the black youths. C. the Supreme Court reaffirm the death penalty convictions. D. eight of the convicted youths executed for crime they did not commit. E. All these answers are correct.

A. Black teenagers accused of rape by two white women.

In the early 1960's, the primary membership of SNCC was A. College students. B. Democrats. C. Rural blacks. D. The urban poor. E. Catholics.

A. College students.

Chapter 30 In the late 1960s and early 1970s all of the following occurred due to American Indian activism EXCEPT A. Congress granted reservations "independent nation" status within the Untied States. B. Indians fought for old treaty fishing rights in Washington State. C. Indians occupied Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay. D. Congress passed an Indian Civil Rights Act. E. Louis Bruce, a Mohawk-Sioux, was appointed as Nixon's commissioner of Indian affairs.

A. Congress granted reservations "independent nation" status within the Untied States.

In designing the structure of the new United Nations, planners called for... A. Each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others. B. A General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights C. The President of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers D. Membership to be limited to one hundred nations E. Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after twenty-five years

A. Each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.

Until the early 1950s, the country the United States assisted in trying to control Vietnam was... A. France. B. Taiwan. C. Japan D. England. E. China.

A. France.

The 1964 murder of civil rights activists Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney A. Implicated local law enforcement officials in the crime. B. Rook place in Montgomery, Alabama. C. Prompted Congress to pass legislation to end segregation in public accommodations. D. Never resulted in anyone being convicted for the crimes. E. Led to the formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

A. Implicated local law enforcement officials in the crime.

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his A. Religion. B. Public image. C. Wealth. D. Womanizing. E. Lack of resources.

A. Religion.

Of the following, the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss primarily helped the political career of... A. Richard Nixon B. Joseph McCarthy C. John Kennedy D. Ronald Reagan E. Lyndon B. Johnson

A. Richard Nixon.

Throughout 1928, the American stock market... A. Saw the number of shares traded daily soar. B. Saw the average price of stocks rise slightly. C. Had slowly been declining in value. D. had rapidly been losing in value. E. Saw brokerage firms restrict credit to those buying stocks.

A. Saw the number of shares traded daily soar.

To oversee activities in the stock market, in 1934, Congress established the... A. Securities and Exchange Commission. B. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. C. Federal Reserve Board. D. Glass-Steagall Act. E. Federal Emergency Relief Association.

A. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Joseph McCarthy burst to national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the... A. State Department B. Defense Department C. Truman Cabinet D. Central Intelligence Agency E. United States Senate

A. State Department.

Which of the following statements regarding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is FALSE? A. The State department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests. B. The American aircraft carries escaped the attack. C. Few American authorities believed Japan was capable of an attack on Pearl Harbor. D. The Japanese suffered light losses in the attack. E. More than 2,400 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack.

A. The State department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests.

Beginning in 1947, the United States' policy of "containment" was... A. The basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years B. First applied in Poland C. An extension of the Atlantic Charter D. Both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years, and an extension of the Atlantic Charter E. None of these answers is correct

A. The basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.

Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech A. Was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point. B. Was made shortly after Lyndon Johnson became president. C. Saw King call for significant shift in tactics in the quest of civil rights. D. Was made before a joint session of Congress and the Senate. E. Was given to commemorate passage of the Voting Rights Act.

A. Was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point.

In 1973, American Indian activists occupied an old Indian battle site of A. Wounded Knee. B. Little Big Horn. C. Horseshoe Bend. D. Fallen Timbers. E. Sand Creek.

A. Wounded Knee.

Chapters 25 & 26 In 1940, the "lend-lease" plan... A. allowed the US to loan weapons to England to be returned when the war was over. B. saw England agree to allow jobless Americans to enlist in the British military. C. saw England allow the construction of American military bases on British territory. D. saw the US lend funds to the Allies so they could lease war supplies from the US. E. was extremely controversial and barely passed the Senate.

A. allowed the US to loan weapons to England to be returned when the war was over.

The Washington Conference of 1921... A. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race. B. saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it. C. sought to expand the global markets of the United States. D. ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States. E. attempted to create a world court.

A. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.

In July 1940, opinion polls showed the clear majority of the American public... A. believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States. B. were strongly against any involvement by the United States in the war. C. thought the United States should immediately declare war on Germany. D. believed it would be a waste to aid England as that nation would soon fall to Germany. E. believed Japan was a greater threat to the United States than the war in Europe.

A. believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States.

The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro's coming to power in Cuba by... A. ending diplomatic relations. B. blockading Cuban ports. C. establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. D. ending diplomatic relations, blockading Cuban ports, and establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. E. None of these answers are correct.

A. ending diplomatic relations.

In the 1930s, the Congress of Industrial Organization... A. organized unskilled workers. B. was less militant than the American Federation of Labor. C. would not accept women or blacks as members. D. confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries. E. refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.

A. organized unskilled workers.

In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the prevention of... A. polio. B. tuberculosis. C. influenza. D. yellow fever. E. typhoid.

A. polio.

As Herbert Hoover began his presidency, he... A. proclaimed that the country was close to the end of poverty. B. assumed the economy might suffer a mild recession. C. feared a depression. D. called for a voluntary guidelines to stabilize the stock market. E. renounced his earlier policy of associationalism

A. proclaimed that the country was close to the end of poverty.

Regarding European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the United States... A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees. B. won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees. C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not to enter the United States. D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder. E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants.

A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees.

Between 1945 and 1960, the birth rate in the United States... A. reversed a long pattern of decline. B. peaked in 1949. C. led to a doubling of the nation's population in this period. D. led to shortages of many consumer goods. E. fell precipitously from its World War II highs.

A. reversed a long pattern of decline.

The costliest battle in the history of the United States Marines Corps was... A. the Battle of Iwo Jima B. the Battle of Leyte Gulf C. the Battle of Okinawa D. the Battle of Midway E. the Battle of Guadalcanal

A. the Battle of Iwo Jima

In August 1945, the primary season the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan was because... A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped. B. the Soviet Union announced it would not enter into war against Japan. C. the Japanese government announced that the United States had only one atomic bomb. D. the emperor of Japan asked the United States for more time to consider surrendering. E. the emperor of Japan declared that his country would fight to the death.

A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped.

In 1943, the country that passed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was... A. the Soviet Union B. China C. Great Britain D. the United States E. Canada

A. the Soviet Union

All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II are true EXCEPT that A. the United States government has never admitted wrongdoing. B. the order for interment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944. C. most of those internal lost all their property and possessions. D. the interment camps were essentially prisons. E. the relocation centers offered sub-par schools and minimal medical care.

A. the United States government has never admitted wrongdoing.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were... A. Not members of the Communist Party B. Accused of passing American secrets to its enemies C. Convicted and sentenced to life in prison D. Both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies, and convicted and sentenced to life in prison. E. None of these answers is correct

B. Accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.

In 1948, President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by... A. Sending American paratroopers into West Berlin B. Airlifting supplies to West Berlin C. Threatening war with the Soviet Union D. Encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions E. Creating a blockade of East Berlin

B. Airlifting supplies to West Berlin

The National Liberation Front was A. Created by Ngo Dinh Diem. B. Also known in the United States as the Viet Cong. C. An organization attempting to overthrow the North Vietnamese government. D. Both created by Ngo Dinh Diem and also known in the United States as the Viet Cong. E. None of these answers is correct.

B. Also known in the United States as the Viet Cong.

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to A. Expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam. B. Have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting. C. Declare an immediate end to the conflict. D. Expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina. E. Concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF.

B. Have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is to be associated with the civil rights movement for A. Women. B. Homosexuals. C. African Americans. D. Hispanic Americans. E. Native Americans.

B. Homosexuals.

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency after he A. Was impeached. B. Resigned. C. Was convicted of obstructing justice. D. Was arrested. E. Lost a special election by huge margins.

B. Resigned.

In 1972, diplomat Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" A. After a failed North Vietnamese offensive. B. Right before the American presidential election. C. After the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons against North Vietnam. D. Before the final American ground troops were pulled out of Vietnam. E. Right before American troops embarked on the Easter offensive.

B. Right before the American presidential election.

The 1961 Vienna Summit between the United States and the Soviet Union A. Was canceled in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs. B. Saw Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war. C. Saw President John Kennedy agree not to invade Cuba. D. Saw President Kennedy criticize the construction of the Berlin Wall. E. Saw both the United States and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.

B. Saw Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war.

The Supreme Court in the case United States v. Richard Nixon (1974) ruled that Nixon must A. No longer tape conversations in the Oval Office. B. Turn over evidence to the special prosecutor. C. Be held in contempt of court. D. Be impeached. E. Resign.

B. Turn over evidence to the special prosecutor.

The Civil Rights Act of 1965 primarily focused on the issue of A. Desegregation of public accommodations. B. Voting rights. C. Fair employment practices. D. Housing discrimination. E. Violence directed against civil rights workers.

B. Voting rights.

The primary purpose of the American Apollo program was to... A. launch manned vehicles into space to orbit the earth. B. land men on the moon. C. build an orbiting space station. D. send men to Mars. E. develop a reusable spaceship.

B. land men on the moon.

The Civilian Conservation Corps... A. was racially integrated. B. put the unemployed to work on rural and wilderness areas. C. included women. D. mostly employed the jobless rural poor. E. passed Congress despite Roosevelt's ambivalence about the project.

B. put the unemployed to work on rural and wilderness areas.

Like many easy white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black traditions in... A. jazz B. rhythm and blues C. country western D. gospel E. folk

B. rhythm and blues

All of the following statements regarding poverty in America during the 1950s are true EXCEPT that... A. more than 30 million Americans lived in poverty at any given time of the decade. B. the percentage of the population living in poverty rose during the decade. C. Native Americans were the single poorest group in the country. D. most of the poor experienced poverty temporarily. E. many rural Americans lived on the margins of the affluent society.

B. the percentage of the population living in poverty rose during the decade.

President Richard Nixon believed United States foreign policy should work towards A. A Bipolar world dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union. B. Improving the governments in less developed nations. C. A balance of power between several major nations. D. Destruction of the government in the Soviet Union. E. Encouraging Europe to take up its own defense against the Soviet Union.

C. A balance of power between several major nations.

All of the following statements regarding the "occupation zones" of Germany in 1945 are true EXCEPT that... A. There were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation B. The zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war C. All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control D. At an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited E. Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany

C. All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.

Great Society reforms A. Were generally proven to be cost-effective. B. Improved the lives of whites far more than blacks. C. Contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history. D. Grew in popularity over the next decade. E. Made no dent in reducing hunger in America.

C. Contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history.

In 1972, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty A. Was signed by all of the world's nuclear powers. B. Called for the suspension of all new nuclear weapons systems. C. Froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels. D. Both called for the suspension of all nuclear weapons systems, and froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels. E. None of these answers is correct.

C. Froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels.

Chapter 28 In 1954, the Eisenhower administration ordered the CIA to help overthrow the government of... A. Panama. B. Colombia. C. Guatemala. D. Cuba. E. Haiti.

C. Guatemala.

Chapter 29 In 1956, the United States' interest in South Vietnam A. Was nearly nonexistent. B. Was mainly to replace the corrupt Ngo Dinh Diem government. C. Had made the country a recipient of large amounts of American aid. D. Was purely commercial. E. Was predicated on Diem agreeing to hold free and open elections.

C. Had made the country a recipient of large amounts of American aid.

During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government... A. Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party B. Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952 C. He never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist D. Much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior E. He drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment"

C. He never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.

Regarding the assassination of President John Kennedy... A. Vice President Lyndon Johnson had made a last-minute decision not to accompany Kennedy. B. The president died instantly. C. Lee Harvey Oswald was shot and killed while in police custody. D. Kennedy was struck by three bullets. E. The president was shot while in a motorcade in downtown Nashville.

C. Lee Harvey Oswald was shot and killed while in police custody.

In 1950, the immediate cause of the Korean War was the... A. Decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea B. Triumph of communism in China C. Military invasion by North Korea into South Korea D. Division of Korea into northern and southern halves E. Military invasion of North Korea by China

C. Military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.

The New Deal program which created utility cooperatives for rural Americans was the... A. Securities and Exchange Commission. B. Works Progress Administration. C. Rural Electrification Administration. D. Civilian Conservation Corps. E. National Recovery Administration.

C. Rural Electrification Administration.

All of the following actions were initiated by President John Kennedy EXCEPT A. An expansion of the Green Berets. B. The creation of the "Alliance for progress." C. The CIA plan to overthrow Ho Chi Minh. D. The creation of the Peace Corps. E. The creation of the Agency for International Development

C. The CIA plan to overthrow Ho Chi Minh.

President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by... A. proposing a series of economic reform programs. B. shutting down the bank system until confidence in it could be restored. C. Urding voluntary cooperation from business leaders. D. calling for a tax increase to prevent a federal deficit. E. calling for a system of social security to alleviate individual suffering.

C. Urding voluntary cooperation from business leaders.

The most significant and costly initiative of the federal government under President Dwight Eisenhower involved... A. a nuclear energy program. B. the space program. C. a federal highway system. D. a national healthcare system. E. a large tax cut.

C. a federal highway system.

In 1937, after Japanese pilots sank the US gunboat Panay in China, President Roosevelt... A. called for an immediate military build-up in the United States B. entered into an economic alliance with China. C. accepted Japan's claim that the bombing had been an accident. D. retaliated by bombing Japanese supply depots in China. E. delivered the "quarantine" speech.

C. accepted Japan's claim that the bombing had been an accident.

In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program, which... A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept as new citizens. B. allowed United States businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico. C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time. D. accepted Mexican citizens into the United States armed forces. E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico.

C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.

In 1942-1943, the British and American war effort against the Nazis concentrated on... A. freeing France from German control. B. supporting the Russians C. fighting in North Africa D. protecting England E. stopping the Holocaust

C. fighting in North Africa

During the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor in the United States... A. was intimidated by powerful and wealthy corporations. B. made significant concessions in benefits to gain higher wages. C. merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations. D. represented nearly one-half of all working Americans. E. saw its president, David Beck, charged with the misappropriation of union funds.

C. merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT... A. flooding was almost entirely eliminated in the affected region. B. the cost of power from private companies declined. C. poverty in the region was significantly reduced. D. water transportation was improved. E. electricity was proved to thousands os new users.

C. poverty in the region was significantly reduced.

In the 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation... A. offered financial protection for stock investors. B. gave the government authority to transfer the funds of failing banks to strong banks. C. protected the savings of bank depositors. D. protected banks from failing. E. encouraged banks to speculate irresponsibly.

C. protected the savings of bank depositors

In 1954, under John Foster Dulles's concept of "massive retaliation," the United States would A. counter any Soviet military move with a larger American force. B. win the Cold War regardless of the financial cost. C. use nuclear weapons against communist aggression. D. use military force before diplomacy in dealing with the Soivet Union. E. rely primarily on large conventional forces in local conflict to defeat communism.

C. use nuclear weapons against communist aggression.

Between 1945-1959, the United States policy in the Middle East saw the... A. Eisenhower administration assist in the construction of the Aswan Dam. B. Truman administration refuse to recognize the state of Israel. C. President Eisenhower seek to end the rule of Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser during the Suez crisis. D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the Shah of Iran to power. E. US refuse to join in a UN resolution denouncing British and French actions during the Suez crisis.

D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the Shah of Iran to power.

All of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers are true EXCEPT that... A. Chambers was a former communist agent B. Classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin C. The case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats D. Hiss was convicted of espionage E. Hiss serve several years in prison

D. Hiss was convicted of espionage.

The 1964 election saw A. Lyndon Johnson distance himself from the memory of John Kennedy. B. Lyndon Johnson win a narrow victory over Richard Nixon. C. Republicans gain control of the Senate, but not the House. D. Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since. E. Lyndon Johnson carry the entire south.

D. Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since.

The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to A. Remove American missiles from West Germany. B. Restore diplomatic ties with Cuba. C. Provide economic aid to Cuba. D. Not invade Cuba. E. Withdraw American troops from West Berlin.

D. Not invade Cuba.

During World War II, the effectiveness of German U-boats and underwater mines was ended by the development of... A. acoustic countermeasures. B. sonar. C. centrimetric radar. D. both sonar and centrimetric radar. E. All these answers are correct.

D. both sonar and centrimetric radar.

All of the following factors were causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT... A. an unstable European economy. B. a lack of diversification in the United States economy. C. a misdistribution of purchasing power. D. conservative banking policies that restricted the availability of loans. E. weakening consumer demand.

D. conservative banking policies that restricted the availability of loans.

After 1929, in the face of the worsening global economic crisis, the United States Government... A. reduced the debts owed by European nations to America. B. forgave the debts owed by European nations to America. C. allowed WWI debts to be paid for in silver. D. refused to alter the payment schedule of debts owed by European nations to America as a result of WWI. E. forgave the debts owed by former allies during the War, and reduced the debts other countries.

D. refused to alter the payment schedule of debts owed by European nations to America as a result of WWI.

Between his election in 1932 and the inauguration in 1933, Franklin Roosevelt... A. declared he would dramatically increase government spending. B. promised to maintain a balanced federal budget. C. made no public statements. D. refused to make any agreements with the outgoing president, Herbert Hoover. E. began laying the groundwork for his social security legislation.

D. refused to make any agreements with the outgoing president, Herbert Hoover.

All of the following statements regarding the use of DDT are true EXCEPT that... A. the pesticide likely saved the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II. B. the pesticide was recognized to be extremely toxic to insects. C. after its introduction, it quickly gained a positive reputation for its effectiveness. D. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals. E. it was first used on a large scale in Italy in 1943-44 during a typhus outbreak.

D. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.

In 1947, the United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan due to... A. A humanitarian concern for European people B. A desire to contain communism in Europe C. A desire to create strong European markets for American goods D. Both a humanitarian concern for European people, and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods. E. All of these answers are correct

E. All of these answers are correct.

Chapters 23 & 24 The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to... A. artists B. actors C. writers D. musicians E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct

By the early twenty-first century, gay men and lesbians in the United States A. Experienced a powerful backlash from within American society. B. Achieved many of the same rights as other minority groups. C. Saw antigay violence continue periodically in communities around the country. D. Both achieved many of the same rights as other minority groups, and saw antigay violence continue periodically in communities around the country. E. All these answers are correct.