KAAP 180 Entire Quiz Answers
The flat bench press involves the muscles primarily of the chest and arms. The 1-RM and 10-RM tests are two means to measure the strength of these muscles. One test will inform you more about muscle size while the other test relates more to the ATP-PC system. Which test is more informative on the ATP-PC system? A. 10-RM B. 1-RM
A. 10-RM
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) Select ALL statements that accurately describe the information you learned about this scientist and their work. A. After more than 10 years, this scientist is still studying transitions. B. This scientist uses human models in their work. C. This scientist uses animal models in their work. D. This researcher wants to provide knowledge that well help populations who have difficulty walking.
A. After more than 10 years, this scientist is still studying transitions. B. This scientist uses human models in their work. C. This scientist uses animal models in their work. D. This researcher wants to provide knowledge that well help populations who have difficulty walking.
Which of the following ground reaction forces can indicate whether a person is speeding up or slowing down while running? A. Anterior-posterior B. Mediolateral C. Vertical D. Linear
A. Anterior-posterior
In older adults, what is the typical cause of cardiac events? A. Atherosclerotic disease B. Hereditary or congenital cardiovascular abnormalities C. Stress D. High cholesterol
A. Atherosclerotic disease
The part of the neuron that carries nerve impulses to muscle fibers in the periphery. A. Axon B. Nerve C. Soma D. Nucleus
A. Axon
Which type of meat on a Turkey contains slow twitch muscle fibers? A. Dark meat B. Light meat
A. Dark Meat
This is a structured movement process that humans consciously and voluntarily engage in for the purpose of improving fitness, health and performance. A. Exercise B. Sport and athletic competition C. Physical activity D. Occupational Therapy E. Kinesiology
A. Exercise
Which of the following feedback strategies promotes the athlete's development of sensory awareness? A. Fading knowledge of results B. Delayed knowledge of results C. Phased biofeedback D. Implicit biofeedback
A. Fading knowledge of results
What structures facilitate the delivery of nutrients throughout bone tissue? A. Haversian Canals B. Sarcomeres C. osteocytes D. T-tubules
A. Haversian Canals
Carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide poisoning affect which of the following? A. Hemoglobin B. Alveoli C. Trachea D. Left Atrium
A. Hemoglobin
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What research approach was used? A. Human model B. Animal model C. Tissue and cell cultures D. Computer modeling E. Advanced statistical techniques
A. Human model
What type of muscular contraction can be used to preserve or increase strength even while the related joint is immobilized? A. Isometric B. Isokinetic C. Concentric D. Eccentric
A. Isometric
What happens to synovial fluid with increasing age? A. It becomes less viscous. B. It becomes more viscous.
A. It becomes less viscous.
Which of the following observations from an X-Ray predicts that a person has or will have arthritis in the knee joint? A. Less than normal space between the main bones in the knee joint B. An enlarged patellar tendon C. Overactive osteoclasts D. Damaged cartilage E. Less viscous synovial fluid
A. Less than normal space between the main bones in the knee joint
The ends of the femur, the large bone in your thigh, are larger than the middle shaft of the bone. Which equation is most relevant to this feature? A. Pressure = force / area B. Force = mass x acceleration C. Work = force x distance D. Power = work / time
A. Pressure = force / area
This is defined as an individual's ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity. A. Resilience B. Physical Fitness C. Biological Fitness D. Persistence
A. Resilience
Select all the TRUE statements about the 23.5 hours video by Dr. Mike Evans. A. Small doses of exercise resulted in big improvements in health. B. The video supported the benefits of a fitness model more than a health model. C. Digital/Social media like videos on YouTube are not scientific and should not be trusted as a basis to change health-related behaviors. D. The video by Dr. Evans was based on scientific evidence.
A. Small doses of exercise resulted in big improvements in health. D. The video by Dr. Evans was based on scientific evidence.
Which sensory receptor or sensory apparatus most closely resembles the biomechanist's analysis of movement along 3 axes? A. The vestibular apparatus B. Vision C. The golgi tendon organ (kinetics) D. The muscle spindle (kinematics)
A. The vestibular apparatus
Compared to a normal weight female, the relative risk of Type II diabetes for an overweight female is 3.9. Select all statements below that are correct. A. Type II diabetes is a co-morbidity of being overweight. B. This is proof of the cause and effect relationship between body weight and type II diabetes. C. On overweight female is not at risk for Type II diabetes. Above a relative risk of 5.0, which occurs with obesity, the female will be at risk for Type II diabetes. D. An overweight female is 3.9 times more likely to have Type II diabetes than a normal weight female.
A. Type II diabetes is a co-morbidity of being overweight. D. An overweight female is 3.9 times more likely to have Type II diabetes than a normal weight female.
Which of the following tactics is NOT consistent with increasing exercise self-efficacy in older adults? A. Using young and highly fit fitness professionals to demonstrate the new exercises you want the PD group to learn. B. Teaching simple exercises early in the program so that the new exercisers can experience early successes that are motivating. C. Selecting exercise types and intensities that are likely to feel good to the new participants. D. Showing a person assessment results that demonstrate their progress in the program and providing verbal encouragement related to their potential for future gains.
A. Using young and highly fit fitness professionals to demonstrate the new exercises you want the PD group to learn.
In very long tests of endurance (> 5 hours), the more important source of energy is. A. adipocytes B. muscle glycogen C. creatine phosphate D. protein
A. adipocytes
What is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. A. angiogenesis B. angina C. homeostasis D. capillary density
A. angiogenesis
If you chose to begin exercise to lower your health insurance costs, that is _______ motivation whereas choosing to exercise because you want to feel well is _______ motivation. A. extrinsic / intrinsic B. explicit / implicit C. intrinsic / extrinsic D. implicit / explicit E. none of the above
A. extrinsic / intrinsic
Which is the most accurate statement about Plyometric training? A. improves the quality of neural commands to muscle B. improves strength but not function C. increases the VO2 max D. is specific to the joint angle of training
A. improves the quality of neural commands to muscle
You are able to grasp and lift an object without continually watching both your hand and the object. For this high quality control, you are utilizing. A. kinesthesis B. plasticity C. reaction time D. kinematics
A. kinesthesis
On the graph of the force-velocity curve of muscle, the negative velocities are: A. lengthening and eccentric B. shortening and concentric C. zero change in length and isometric D. lengthening and weak
A. lengthening and eccentric
Fill in the blank (from course website) In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), twice-weekly__________________________ for 16 wk by older men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulted in a 46.3% increase in insulin action, a 7.1% reduction in fasting blood glucose levels, and significant loss of visceral fat. A. progressive resistance training B. resistance training C. strength training D. weight lifiting
A. progressive resistance training B. resistance training C. strength training D. weight lifting
Specialized structures that detect information about the position of the body and its movement. A. proprioceptors B. mitochondria C. motor units D. spinal segment
A. proprioceptors
Along which structure do action potentials travel to inner regions of the muscle cell? A. t-tubule B. neurotransmitter C. z-disc or z-line D. sarcomere E. axon
A. t-tubule
When you step on a tack, your nervous system would use which reflex to prevent further injury? A. the flexion reflex B. the triphasic burst pattern C. the stretch reflex D. the Jendrassik maneuver
A. the flexion reflex
Which of the following is part of the mechanistic basis of the force-velocity relationship? A. the myosin head and the rate of cross bridge cycling B. the creatine phosphate energy system C. The length of the sarcomere (and overlap between actin and myosin) D. The number of neurons per muscle fiber.
A. the myosin head and the rate of cross bridge cycling
A paper discussed in lecture examined changes before and after a 255 mile ultramarathon. Select the response(s) that were observed. There may be more than one answer. A. the process of making new capillaries had begun. B. there was an increase in circulating creatine kinase C. there was an increase the fast type the MHC isoform D. there was an increase in lipoprotein lipase
A. the process of making new capillaries had begun. D. there was an increase in lipoprotein lipase
In the sport of cycling, what force is harder to overcome at higher speeds? A. wind resistance B. rolling resistance C. internal resistance
A. wind resistance
Recalling your personal experimentation with different levels of power output on gym equipment and based on discussion in class, which level of power output best matches that observed in the Race Across America? This is the average Watts throughout the whole race. A. 20 Watts B. 200 Watts C. 2000 Watts D. 20000 Watts
B. 200 Watts
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) Select TWO terms that best describe this study: A. Basic B. Applied C. Experimental D. Epidemiological E. Cross-sectional
B. Applied C. Experimental
People who believe that major changes in fitness and body composition should occur after one month of regular exercise: A. Are likely to adhere to their exercise program for a year or longer B. Are likely to quit because their unrealistic expectations are not met C. Are likely to have higher self-efficacy than others based on a survey D. Are likely to have higher intrinsic motivation than others based on a survey
B. Are likely to quit because their unrealistic expectations are not met
You are working with a developing golfer. She has recently reached the point at which you would say she has a consistent golf swing and it is time to begin fine tuning the details. What stage of skill acquisition is this? A. Cognitive B. Associative C. Autonomous D. Reliable
B. Associative
Which stage of motor learning makes the greatest amount of resources available for thinking about game strategy? A. Associative Phase B. Autonomous Phase C. Retention Phase D. Cognitive Phase
B. Autonomous Phase
Functional electrical stimulation... A. Is the rehearsal of motor tasks in the mind B. Can be used to cause contractions and movements in muscles affected by paralysis C. Is a type of resistance training that involves the performance of life activities against added resistance. D. Has two agonist bursts with an antagonist burst between them
B. Can be used to cause contractions and movements in muscles affected by paralysis
The subtraction of Trailmaking A results from Trailmaking B results provides similar information to which of the following tests? A. Agility test B. Choice reaction time C. Rating of perceived exertion D. The activity-specific balance confidence scale
B. Choice reaction time
Among the following, which provides ATP most quickly? A. Protein B. Creatine Phosphate C. Glucose D. Muscle glycogen
B. Creatine Phosphate
According to the required Chapter by Abernathy, the successful maturation of our discipline (Exercise Science) will involve which of the following. A. Successful maturation of Exercise Science involves strengthening of the individual subdisciplines of Exercise Science (Motor Control, Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, etc.) to the point where they become independent disciplines. B. Exercise Science should become more interdisciplinary such that advances in knowledge are made by crossing the traditional but arbitrary boundaries between the subdisciplines (Motor Control, Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, etc.).
B. Exercise Science should become more interdisciplinary such that advances in knowledge are made by crossing the traditional but arbitrary boundaries between the subdisciplines (Motor Control, Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, etc.).
The electron transport chain operates by creating a strong gradient across a membrane. This gradient provides energy to make ATP. Which of the following items is moved into the intermembrane space to create this gradient? A. Myosin ATP-ase B. H+ C. Ca++ D. H20
B. H+
More mechanical work can be accomplished in less time with: A. Continuous training B. Interval training C. Functional resistance training D. Tapered training
B. Interval training
Which person below is know as the first epidemiologist? A. Hippocrates B. John Snow C. Ralph Paffenbarger D. Stephen Blair
B. John Snow
In rapid elbow extension, a component of throwing, movement velocity is increased by: A. Smaller agonist burst B. Later (delayed) antagonist burst C. Larger antagonist burst D. Earlier (advanced) antagonist burst
B. Later (delayed) antagonist burst
Protein that carries oxygen carrier in muscle: A. Hemoglobin B. Myoglobin C. Tryptophan D. Erythropoetin E. Iron
B. Myoglobin
In the conventions of biomechanics and physics, the units of measure for body weight are: A. Pounds (lbs) B. Newtons (N) C. Kilograms (kg) D. Torque (N-m)
B. Newtons (N)
Which type of practice results in better learning? A. Blocked practice B. Random practice C. Explicit practice
B. Random practice
As a coach, you are developing a unique training system for the sport of golf. Which of the following strategies should you adopt based on evidence presented in class. A. Your players, who are already at an advanced stage of learning, should hit as many balls as possible under blocked conditions. This will improve retention of the skill in the upcoming rounds of golf which are random conditions. B. Rather than teaching a new skill at the practice range and then immediately testing it in a round of golf on the same day, you have your athlete learn the new skill at the practice range and then wait until the next day to test it on the course.
B. Rather than teaching a new skill at the practice range and then immediately testing it in a round of golf on the same day, you have your athlete learn the new skill at the practice range and then wait until the next day to test it on the course.
Which type of muscle fiber would be surrounded by more capillaries? A. Fast Twitch B. Slow Twitch C. Neither, because fiber type percentages are approximately 50%-50% in most people.
B. Slow Twitch
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Medical-Legal partnership demonstrated by Boston Medical Center. A. Lawyers interfere with medical treatment through malpractice lawsuits. B. The lawyers were better equipped than the doctors to treat the cause of recurring asthma in children. C. The Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare) is so complex that leading hospitals now keep lawyers on staff simply to interpret health insurance billing policies. D. None of the above.
B. The lawyers were better equipped than the doctors to treat the cause of recurring asthma in children.
After 6 weeks of running 1 mile per day, my resting heart rate has decreased. Which is the best statement to describe this change? A. This is an acute response to exercise that may be due to increased hematocrit. B. This is a chronic adaptation to exercise that may be related to an increased stroke volume. C. This is a pathological response to exercise that reduced cardiac output. D. This is due to an increase in blood pressure. E. Cadiac output will be lower and I may need a stent.
B. This is a chronic adaptation to exercise that may be related to an increased stroke volume.
Select ALL true statements about the following paragraph: In Caucasian, postmenopausal women, osteoporosis is defined as a bone mineral density (BMD) value more than 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean value, with or without accompanying fractures. Whether the same criteria should apply to premenopausal women, women of other races, or men remains to be confirmed. In the U.S. and other developed countries the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing at rates faster than would be predicted by the increase in the proportion of aged individuals. Multiple vertebral fractures and, in particular, hip fractures have a devastating effect on functional abilities and quality of life. The mortality rate for elderly individuals in the first year following hip fracture is as high as 15 - 20%. Even with no change in current incidence rates, it has been estimated that the number of hip fractures will double to 2.6 million by the year 2025, with a greater percentage increase in men than in women. A. This paragraph explains the kinetics of hip fracture. B. This paragraph explains the epidemiology of osteoporosis. C. This paragraph provides an operational definition. D. This paper explains the mechanism of osteoporosis.
B. This paragraph explains the epidemiology of osteoporosis.
In experiments that test exercise effects in rats it is important to know whether the exercise is forced or voluntary. A. This statement is false. B. This statement is true because forced exercise in these animal models is a stressful stimulus. C. This statement is true because humans find forced exercise like bootcamp training programs to be highly motivating. D. The statement is false because we do not have any method of knowing what the rat is thinking. This statement would be true for humans only.
B. This statement is true because forced exercise in these animal models is a stressful stimulus.
On the way home from work, there is one 600 foot hill. After training for a few weeks, you find that it takes you 1 minute less time to get to the top of that hill. Which statement(s) best describe this situation. A. You are now doing less mechanical work to get to the top of the hill. B. Your power output has increased with training. C. You are doing more mechanical work to get to the top. D. Your velocity has decreased.
B. Your power output has increased with training.
A bundle of muscle fibers (muscle cells) contained within a sheath of connective tissue is called: A. a tendon B. a fascicle C. an organelle D. a motor unit
B. a fascicle
When muscle contractions occur there is a sequence of electrical, chemical then electrical communication form the nervous system to the muscle. Which of the following is or are responsible for the chemical part? There may be more than one. A. actin B. acetylcholine C. t-tubules D. passive diffusion E. action potential
B. acetylcholine D. passive diffusion
The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones is known as... A. metabolism B. catabolism C. anabolism D. reductionism
B. catabolism
Since the three semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus detect movement in different directions, this sense organ is like the: A. electromyogram B. force plate C. stethoscope D. in-shoe pressure sensor
B. force plate
Which of the following occur in the mitochondria? There may be more than one correct answer. A. breakdown of creatine phosphate B. krebs cycle C. beta oxidation D. anaerobic glycolysis
B. krebs cycle C. beta oxidation
Select the pair that represents the main control mechanisms at the motor unit level. A. cross bridge cycling and force production B. recruitment and rate coding C. rate coding and acetylcholine binding D. muscle activation and stimulation
B. recruitment and rate coding
If a sport psychologist examines a person's POMS results over the course of a competitive season, a flattening of the profile would indicate: A. overuse injury B. staleness / overtraining C. the ideal conditions for midseason performance D. training volume should be increased
B. staleness / overtraining
One study discussed in lecture demonstrated that a period of sleep can improve motor learning. What additional factor that related to the amount of performance enhancement? A. the duration of the sleep B. the amount of time spent in certain sleep stages C. the timing of sleep: overnight sleep worked better than the same amount of midday sleep D. Whether the subjects were caffeine users
B. the amount of time spent in certain sleep stages
What step of skeletal muscle contraction occurs next after calcium release form the sarcoplasmic reticulum? A. the action potential travels to the inner parts of the cell B. troponin - tropomyosin move to expose binding sites for cross bridge formation C. neurotransmitter is released into the synapse D. the bond between actin and myosin is released
B. troponin - tropomyosin move to expose binding sites for cross bridge formation
During exercise, the body allows greater flow of blood to working muscles by... A. vasoconstriction B. vasodilation
B. vasodilation
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What year was this paper published? A. 1994 B. 1998 C. 2002 D. 2012
C. 2002
Relative risk: students who exercise less than 2 days per week have a 40 percent chance of getting a cold during finals week. Students who exercise 5 days per week (the control or optimal condition) have a 10 percent chance of getting a cold during finals week. What is the relative risk of getting a cold during finals week for a person who exercises twice per week? A. .25 B. .30 C. 4.0 D. 1.4
C. 4.0
Treatment for a partial blockage of the coronary artery in which a small balloon is inflated in the artery. A. Stent B. Bypass surgery C. Angioplasty D. Catheterizaton
C. Angioplasty
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What is the first author's current professional title where he or she works? A. Senior researcher B. Kinesiologist C. Associate Professor of Kinesiology D. Personal Trainer
C. Associate Professor of Kinesiology
Which of the following athletes tend to be more emotionally stable and introverted? A. Less skilled wrestlers B. Attacking players C. Defenders D. Elite wrestlers E. Elite runners
C. Defenders
This person's study of animals and humans in motion led to the development of modern tools for biomechanical analysis: A. Sir Isaac Newton B. Thomas DeLorme C. Eadweard Muybridge D. Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau
C. Eadweard Muybridge
What did Dr. John Snow do to stop the Cholera Epidemic in London. A. He began a program to inspect potatoes imported from Ireland. This was the first measure taken against e-coli. B. He vaccinated a large segment of the population. C. He removed the handle from a water pump that was the main source of water in the area. D. He closed a brewery that was leaking waste into the water supply.
C. He removed the handle from a water pump that was the main source of water in the area.
Which of the following describes how lactic acid impairs performance. A. Lactic acid in muscle causes muscle damage and prolonged reductions in strength that last for several days. B. Lactic acid accumulates when too many fats are being metabolized for energy. C. Lactic acid accumulation in muscle increases the acidity in muscle (lower pH) and this slows the process of anaerobic glycolysis. There is a sensation of fatigue or inability to continue exercise. This inhibition is protective. D. Lactic acid is the preferred fuel source of fast twitch muscle fibers.
C. Lactic acid accumulation in muscle increases the acidity in muscle (lower pH) and this slows the process of anaerobic glycolysis. There is a sensation of fatigue or inability to continue exercise. This inhibition is protective.
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What system is being studied: A. Social organization B. Cellular function C. Locomotor systems D. Skeletal system
C. Locomotor systems
During alternative spring break you build homes with Habitat for Humanity in the mountains. You have a lot of materials to carry in a backpack including two boxes of nails (heavy) and two packages window insulation (lighter). How do you load your pack for the best stability and least strain on the lower back? A. Insulation at bottom so that the nails are closer to the shoulder straps. B. Although lay magazines for backpackers suggest otherwise, it doesn't matter because the full load is applied to the straps anyway. C. Nails low, insulation high. D. Alternate nails and insulation from low to high so that you balance the load through the length of the backpack.
C. Nails low, insulation high.
Based on the ACSM position stand you were asked to read (abstract only), in what category of individuals is the incidence of both acute myocardial infarction and sudden death the greatest? A. People who smoke. B. People with a genetic predisposition to heart disease. C. People with the least amount of habitual physical activity. D. People who are obese.
C. People with the least amount of habitual physical activity.
Which epidemiologist received an Olympic gold medal for his research on the health benefits of physical activity? A. Steven Blair B. John Snow C. Ralf Paffenbarger D. Vivek H. Murthy
C. Ralf Paffenbarger
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What term or terms describe this paper? There may be more than one answer. A. Testimonial B. Expert Opinion C. Scientific D. Peer-reviewed E. Epidemiological
C. Scientific D. Peer-reviewed
The crossed re-innervation experiments provided evidence that: A. The properties of a muscle are genetic B. The properties of a muscle are determined by the muscle C. The properties of a muscle are determined by the neurons supplying it D. The properties of the neurons are determined by the muscle
C. The properties of a muscle are determined by the neurons supplying it
Which of the following was a main conclusion of the moving room experiment? A. The vesitbular appratus provides false information during air travel and this can lead to motion sickness. B. Postual sway is greater in the eyes-closed condition. C. Very young children (toddlers) hare highly dependent on visual inforamtion for the control of upright stance. D. Navy seals exhibit more postual sway following 72 hours of sleep deprivation but this can be slightly reversed by caffeine.
C. Very young children (toddlers) hare highly dependent on visual inforamtion for the control of upright stance.
Which statements about your semester grade in KAAP180 are true? A. Your grade is based entirely on your score from a cumulative final exam. B. Your grade is based on 60 points from quizzes and 40 points from a cumulative final exam. C. Your grade is based on the higher score from option B or C above. D. There is extra credit.
C. Your grade is based on the higher score from option B or C above.
Think about vertical integration in the context of integrative physiology. Which of the following is at the top level in vertical integration. A. osteocyte B. osteoclast C. bone D. phosphorous
C. bone
What is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the patient or client. A. comorbidity B. correlation C. contraindication D. prevention
C. contraindication
Which type of muscle contraction is most likely to cause muscle hypertrophy? A. concentric B. isometric C. eccentric D. dynamic
C. eccentric
If you are a mellow/calm person but are terribly stressed about this exam you: A. have low state anxiety and high trait anxiety B. have high state anxiety and high trait anxiety C. have high state anxiety and low trait anxiety D. have low state anxiety and low trait anxiety
C. have high state anxiety and low trait anxiety
Which TWO chambers will contain oxygenated blood? A. left and right atria B. left and right ventricles C. left atrium and left ventricle D. right atrium and right ventricle
C. left atrium and left ventricle
What illegal agent or drug would help the competitive marksman (but not necessarily the winter biathlete) to perform better? A. one that increases vigor B. one that increases the number of red blood cells C. one that decreases heart rate D. one that decreases reaction time
C. one that decreases heart rate
Barefoot runners tend to run: A. with larger impact peaks because the heel is not padded. B. with larger strides. C. with the forefoot or midfoot coming into contact with the ground first. D. with larger impact peaks because the strides are shoter.
C. with the forefoot or midfoot coming into contact with the ground first.
The brain and spinal cord are the main components of the: A. Sympathetic Nervous System B. Peripheral Nervous System C. Autonomic Nervous System D. Central Nervous System
D. Central Nervous System
You are a soccer player and your coach has you practice many trials of a shooting in which you receive passes from many different angles and the goalie is in several different positions. What term matches this type of practice? A. Blocked B. Transfer C. Cognitive D. Contextual interference
D. Contextual interference
Which of the following substrates is used in glycolysis to make ATP? A. Free fatty acids B. Protein C. Carbohydrate D. Glucose
D. Glucose
Among the early Greek Scholars, who stated: ?If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not too much, we would have found the safest way to health.? A. Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Hippocrates
D. Hippocrates
Tyler Hamilton, a professional cyclist and teammate of Lance Armonstrong on US Postal used a substance called erythropoetin (EPO). What did this do? A. Increased his heart rate like amphetamine and EPO was not detectable at the time. B. Prevented catabolic effects of stress on muscle C. Made it impossible for the ruling body to detect performance enhancing drugs. D. Increased hematocrit
D. Increased hematocrit
What is the correct unit of measure for work? A. ml/kg/min B. meters per second squared C. Newtons D. Joules E. Watts
D. Joules
Which of the following tests is based on a blood draw taken at different exercise workloads? A. Margaria power test B. VO2 max test C. Wingate test D. Lactate threshold test
D. Lactate threshold test
What environmental stimulus is simulated in a hypobaric chamber? A. Greater temperature B. Greater humidity C. Less atmospheric oxygen D. Less atmospheric pressure E. More atmospheric oxygen
D. Less atmospheric pressure
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) is: A. One federal agency that provides funding for research that is primarily mechanistic B. One federal agency that provides funding for important health-related research C. One professional organization that represents the subdiscipline of exercise physiology D. One professional organization that represents the discipline of exercise science
D. One professional organization that represents the discipline of exercise science
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) Where does the first author work now? A. University of Delaware B. University of Maryland C. University of Connecticut D. Pennsylvania State University
D. Pennsylvania State University
When experts get together and review the scientific evidence on an important topic like weight loss in wrestlers and offer an evidence-based summary to the public, this is called a/an... A. Expert opinion B. Framework C. Peer-review D. Position stand
D. Position stand
Imagery duplicates a motor pattern in the brain but on a smaller scale. It activates the same brain areas used in the real movement. What hypothesized mechanism of Mental Imagery is this? A. Symbolic learning theory B. Arousal or activation theory C. Supplemental motor theory D. Psychoneuromuscular theory
D. Psychoneuromuscular theory
Training changes (e.g. terrain, shoes, activity, training intensity), running and jumping activities, inappropriate footwear, Muscle inflexibility, muscle weakness, and excessive muscle strength are some of the risk factors of which injury below. A. Osteoporosis B. Hamstring injury C. Delayed onset muscle soreness (muscle damage) D. Stress fractures
D. Stress fractures
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) What is this paper about? A. Barefoot running B. The correct biomechanics of back exercises C. The evidence base for stretching D. Transition from cycling to running in triathlon
D. Transition from cycling to running in triathlon
(PubMed and Critical Thinking) Where was the author educated (trained)? A. University of California at Berkley B. University of Massachusetts C. University or Wisconsin D. University of Colorado
D. University of Colorado
You are a highly skilled player on a new badminton team with people of mixed ability. The coach has had the team work on fundamental movements for several weeks and this has not improved your ability at all. What is the best explanation for this? A. Excessive use of random practice. B. You are already at the cognitive phase. C. Practice without knowledge of results is ineffective. D. You are not training at your challenge point. E. none of the above.
D. You are not training at your challenge point.
Which neurotransmitter communicates excitation from nerve to muscle? A. dopamine B. adrenaline C. epinephrine D. acetylcholine E. riboflavin
D. acetylcholine
What determines the amount of muscular force produced during a contraction? A. The length at which the muscle contracts. B. The velocity at which the muscle contracts. C. The number of active cross bridges D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Which of the following is or are mechanisms that contribute to motor learning? A. synaptogenesis B. angiogenesis C. increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. A. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum C. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum D. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
In human movement science, we examine the patterns of muscle activation using the methods of: A. ultrasound B. kinematics C. accelerometry D. electromyography (EMG) E. kinetics
D. electromyography (EMG)
Which of the following is the definition of a Physician Assistant? A. help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities B. No answer text provided. C. are health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who have medical problems or other health-related conditions that limit their abilities to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives. D. health care professionals who practice medicine as part of a team with physicians.
D. health care professionals who practice medicine as part of a team with physicians.
Select the type of muscular contraction in which the velocity of muscle shortening or lengthening is constant. A. isometric B. concentric C. eccentric D. isokinetic
D. isokinetic
In a study linked to the course website, combined training (endurance training and resistance training) resulted in enhanced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity independent of age. What organelle of the cell was increased in its abundance and capacity by this training. A. sarcoplasmic reticulum B. neuromuscular junction C. t-tubule D. mitochondrion
D. mitochondrion
The protein molecule that does the mechanical work in muscle contraction is: A. the myofilament B. the sarcomere C. creatine kinase D. myosin
D. myosin
Select the answer that best represents horizontal integration. A. reductionist, applied, translational B. myosin molecule, muscle cell, muscle C. discipline groups, parent disciplines, subdisciplines D. skeletal, cardiovascular, immune
D. skeletal, cardiovascular, immune
In the patellar tendon tap reflex, the stimulus that causes contraction of quadriceps muscles is: A. the mechanical depression of the patella. B. low-level pain caused by the tendon tap. C. the sensation of tension (force) in the patellar tendon. D. the quick stretch of the quadriceps muscle.
D. the quick stretch of the quadriceps muscle.
Which of the following sense organs detects tension in the muscle-tendon unit? A. Muscle Spindle B. Medial Meniscus C. Patellar Tendon D. Golgi Root E. Golgi Tendon Organ
E. Golgi Tendon Organ
A special type of neuron in the vestibular apparatus detects movement. What neuron is this. A. Affarent neuron B. Endolymphatic cell C. Efferent neuron D. Vestibular cell E. Hair cell
E. Hair cell
You are taking a tour of a Physical Therapy department and you see that their research space has force plates and high speed cameras. What statement best describes what you see? "I see that you are equipped to study..." A. Biomechanics B. Kinematics and center of pressure C. Kinesiology D. Kinetics E. Kinetics and kinematics
E. Kinetics and kinematics
Weight bearing exercise is the main recommendation to prevent osteoporosis. Mechanistically, what is the process called in which the bone senses that it is under load? A. Bone remodeling B. Protein synthesis C. Adaptation D. Wolff's law E. Mechanotransduction
E. Mechanotransduction
(T/F) A motor unit consists of all the motor neurons that are attached to a muscle.
False
(T/F) According to the force-length relationship, muscle force will be greatest when the z-disks are closest together.
False
(T/F) Chambers of the heart are filling during systole.
False
(T/F) Cutaneous sensation from the skin on the arms does not contribute to the accuracy of elbow position sense.
False
(T/F) Exercise time to exhaustion will be the same whether the muscle has high or low levels of glycogen.
False
(T/F) High levels of arousal indicate anxiety
False
(T/F) Internal respiration occurs in the alveoli
False
(T/F) Meaningful reductions in population mortality do not occur until people reach high levels of aerobic fitness.
False
(T/F) One of the reasons why scientists have determined that muscle fibers cannot split to become two new cells is that a skeletal muscle cell has only one nucleus.
False
(T/F) Repeatedly practicing the same motor skill has been shown to impede practice performance but enhance learning of the skill.
False
(T/F) The number of motor neurons in a motor unit depends on how many muscle fibers there are (more fibers need more neurons).
False
(T/F) Health Care represents only about 85% of the things that make a person healthy. The remaining 15% is determined by social factors.
False; Social factors play a huge role in health. Health Care only contributes by and estimated 15%. This was discussed in lecture.
(T/F) The most successful Hunter & Gatherers would be the ones that obtained the most surplus meat and supplies.
False; These societies were always on the move and excess food and supplies could not be stored long or carried easily.
(T/F) A motor unit in a muscle that is designed for precision would have fewer muscle fibers per motor neuron.
True
(T/F) A myocardial infarction is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
True
(T/F) Although training above your lactate threshold is a strategy to improve anaerobic energy systems, practices such as high intensity interval training are known to benefit aerobic fitness by increasing the number and size of mitochondria.
True
(T/F) Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation.
True
(T/F) Slow twitch muscle fibers are recruited before fast twitch muscle fibers.
True
(T/F) The benefits of creatine supplementation will be greater in repeated exertions rather than in single exertions (e.g. multiple sprints vs. single sprints).
True
(T/F) The bone marrow contained within the skeletal system is responsible for the formation of blood cells.
True