Khan academy- Lungs

Typically muscles (such as the diaphragm) associated with breathing ar

contracting during inhalation. These same muscles are relaxed or recoil during exhalation. Internal intercostal muscles do not follow this rule. They are contracted during exhalation and relaxed during inhalation.

Diaphragm

contracts and relaxes during respiration to change the volume of the thoracic cavity

_______is the gradual destruction of the alveoli. Healthy lungs have a ________ surface area for gas exchange, however patients with this disease have ruptured air sacs. This creates a large space instead of many small spaces for gas exchange, thus there is a(n)________ surface area for gas exchange.

1. Emphysema 2. Large 3. Deceased

Why would it be preferable to inhale through the nose as opposed to the mouth?

1. Mucus moistens the air and also traps smaller particles such as bacteria and dust. 2. Nasal hairs trap large particles.

Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?

1. The pressure in the lungs is lower than the external environment. 2. The diaphragm is contracted and pulling the lungs down to increase the lung volume. 3. The alveoli are expanded. 4. the ribs are expanded 5. External intercostal muscles are contracted.

he swimmer is taking a large breath in. Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?

1. The pressure in the lungs is lower than the external environment. 2. The ribs are expanded. 3. The diaphragm is contracted and pulling the lungs down to increase the lung volume. 4. External intercostal muscles are contracted 5. The alveoli are expanded.

facts about trachea

1. The trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings to prevent airway collapse. 2. The esophagus runs directly behind the trachea. 3. Cartilaginous rings protect the trachea from damage.

facts about alveoli

1. Their large surface area maximizes gas exchange. 2. Their walls are only one cell thick to allow for efficient gas exchange 3. Although small in size, they are large in number.

Surfactant

A fluid produced by type II alveolar cells which decreases surface tensions

cardiac notch

An indentation of the left lung that provides a space for the heart

Carina

Branches the trachea into two bronchi that lead air to each lung

lower respiratory tract

Bronchioles, Alveoli, Bronchi, Trachea, Lungs

What is the function of the macrophage at the level of the alveoli?

Engulf pathogens which were not caught earlier in the respiratory tract.

Where do you get laryngitis?

Epiglottis

Upper respiratory tract

Larynx, Pharynx , Noise hair

Track the passage of air from his nose to the area of gas exchange at the bottom of the lung. (

Nasal Cavity -> Pharynx-> Larynx-> Trachea-> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli

conducting zone in the upper respiratory tract

Nasal cavity, Mouth, Pharynx, larynx

Correctly order the passage of air through the respiratory system from inhalation at the nose to gas exchange at the bottom of the lung.

Nasal cavity-> Pharynx -> Epiglottis-> Larynx -> Trachea -> Carina ->Main bronchus -> Lobar bronchus -> segmental bronchus -> Conducting bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles - Alveolar ducts -> Alveoli

The professional skier in the image below has been diagnosed with adult onset asthma. Which of the following reasons is most plausible for this?

The air he breathes in is too cold and dry for it to be properly warmed and moistened, thus irritating his lower respiratory airways and causing asthma.

What is the function of cilia?

The cilia move contaminated mucus away from the lungs and towards the mouth so it can be either expelled or swallowed.

How do the lungs contribute to thermoregulation?

The lungs expel excess body heat during exhalation

The composition of the air we inhale is not the same as the air we exhale. Which of the following statements is true about the difference in composition of inhaled air versus exhaled air?

The percentage of carbon dioxide is greater in exhaled air than in inhaled air because the body creates carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.

bronchi diseases

The site that gets inflamed in those suffering from bronchitis

Air passes through which structures to reach the lung.

Trachea, Epiglottis, Pharynx, Larynx

The firefighter in the image does not have a proper face mask on, and some smoke may get into his lungs. Trace the pathway of smoke through just his lower respiratory tract.

Trachea, main bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, conducting bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Esophagus

brings food from the mouth to the stomach

Processes pertaining to exhalation include:

decreased lung volume, increased lung pressure, a relaxed diaphragm, recoiled lungs, contracted internal intercostal muscles, and relaxed external intercostal muscles.

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lung is

greater than external atmospheric pressure. The volume of the lung decreases during exhalation.

Processes pertaining to inhalation include:

increased lung volume, decreased lung pressure, a contracted diaphragm, expanded lungs, expanded ribs, contracted external intercostal muscles, and relaxed internal intercostal muscles.

During inhalation, the pressure inside the lung is

less than the external atmospheric pressure. The volume of the lung increases during inhalation.

Alveolar disease

pneumonia

visceral pleura

the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung