Kin 485- Chp1
Evidence to support the inverse relationship between regular PA and/or exercise such as?
- premature mortality -cvd/cad -hypertension - stroke -osteoporosis -T2DM -metabolic syndrome - obesity - 13 cancers -depression -functional health - fall in Cognitive function
the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical activity Recommendations(2/5): a combination of moderate and virgorous intensity exercise can be performed to meet what recommendation?
ACSM-AHA
the most common exercise-related complication and is often associated with exercise intensity, the nature of the activity, preexisting conditions, and musculoskeletal anomalies
MSI
Higher levels of muscular strength are associated with a significantly better?
cardiometabolic risk factor profile, lower mortality, lower CVD events, Lower risk of developing physical function limitations and lower nonfatal disease
designed to identify individuals at risk for CV complications during or immediately after aerobic exercise(running/biking)?
The ACSM preparticipation screening algorithm
the ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity
cardiorespiratory endurance
5 health-related CV fitness components?
cardiorespiratory endurance, body comp, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility
who should be evaluated prior to competing using established guidelines to prevent exercise-related cardiac events?
athletes w/ known cardiac conditions or family history
the relative amount of muscle, fat, bone and other vital parts of the body ?
body composition
moderate physical activities (3.0-5.9 METs) examples
brisk walking, washing car, vacuuming/sweeping. mowing, shooting basketball, slow dancing, golf, surfing, volleyball
Physically active individuals should know the nature of _________ _____________ symptoms and seek prompt medical care if such symptoms develop
cardiac prodromal
For step 2 of the preparticipation health screening process, the manner of clearance should be determined by the ?
clinical judgment and discretion of the health care provider
the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in preforming tasks smoothly and accurately
coordination
Prolonged periods of sitting or sedentary behavior are associated with what?
deleterious health consequences independent of PA levels
However, medical and CV screening provides valuable information for?
designing individualized exercise programs to reduce known health risks.
The Physicians' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study suggest that SCD occurs every? (men, women, type of activity)
every 1.5 mil. episodes of vigorous in men every 36.5 mil. of moderate-to-vigorous in women
the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical activity Recommendations(5/5): because of the dose-response relationship between PA and health, individuals who wish to further improve their fitness, reduce health risks, and prevent weight gain may do what?
exceed the minimum recommendation of PA
PA with planned, structured, and repetitive movement done to improve/maintain one or more components of fitness
exercise
to prevent exercise-related cardiac events, Physically active individuals should modify their exercise program in response to variations in their?
exercise capacity, habitual activity level and the environment
t/f: Insufficient evidence is available to suggest that presence of CVD risk factors with underlying disease confers a substantial risk of adverse exercise-related CV events.
false, without
vigorous physical activity (>6.0 METs) examples?
fast walking, hiking, jogging/running, shoveling, farm work, weights, soccer volleyball, skiing
what helps to preform full ROM at a joint?
flexibility
what 2 things are NOT part of the preparticipation health screening procedures for the purpose of reducing acute risk?
medical history and CVS risk factor analysis
type 1 and type 2 diabetic mellitus is called?
metabolic disease
40-59% HRR or VO2R, 3-5.9 METs, RPE 12-13, causes noticeable increase in HR/breath, is what types of exercise?
moderate intesity exercise
holding a load for a long time is considered with fatigue?
muscular endurance
exerted force once is considered?
muscular strength
Exercise participation example
preforming planned, structured physical activity at least 30 min. At moderate to vigorous intensity for at least the last 3 months
to prevent exercise-related cardiac events, High school and college athletes should undergo?
preparticipation screening by qualified professionals
interventions to prevent the initial occurrence?
primary prevention
how fast you respond to stimuli?
reaction time
Recommendations with the ACSM preparticipation and pre-exercise screenings are intended to do what?
reduce/remove barriers to adopting & maintaining habitual PA/exercise
other/more benefits of PA and exercise?
reduce: anxiety, depression, falls, injuries enhance: cognition, independcey, well-being, quality of life, work, sports
1 METS=
resting
estimated dose-response curve for the relative risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by? what is better physical activity or PA?
sample % of fitness and PA -Physical fitness has less risk
interventions after a cardiac event to prevent another
secondary precention
the ability to preform a movement within a short period of time
speed
with risks of cardiac events during cadiac rehab, The mortality rate appears to be 6 times higher when individuals exercised in facilities without the ability to? however, a review of home-based cardiac rehab programs found?
successfully managed cardiac arrest no increase in cardiovascular complications compared to formal center-based exercise programs
ACSM no longer recommends what? This recommendation better aligns with evidence that exercise testing is a poor predictor of?
the inclusion of exercise testing for medical clearance. (That decision is left to the qualified health care provider.) -acute cardiac events in asymptomatic individuals
with the ACSM precipitation screening algorithm, what are the 3 algorithm components?
-Classify ppl. who do (Yes) or do not (No) participate in regular exercise -Identify ppl w/ known CV, metabolic/renal diseases or those w/ signs of cardiac, peripheral vascular, or cerebrovascular disease, Types 1&2 diabetes -Identify desired exercise intensity
In the US: 50.9% of adults meet ________ _______- guidelines 30.4% meet ________ ________ guidelines __________% meet both
-aerobic activity -muscle strengthening -20.5%
In one survey, there was how many nonfatal complication per 34,673 patient-hours? how many cardiovascular complication per 116,402 patient-hours of cardiac rehabilitation?
1 and 1
what are the 3 benefits for PA?
1. improve in CV & respiratory function 2.reduce in CV disease risk factors 3. reduce morbidity and mortality
what are the 3 MAIN increased risks with participation in exercise?
1. musculoskeletal injury (MSI) 2. cardiovascular complications such as sudden cardiac death (SCD) 3. acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
what are the 7 parts that must be on the informed consent form?
1. purpose and explanation of test 2. attendant risks & discomforts 3.responsibilities of participants 4.benefits to be expected 5.inquiries/questions 6. use of medical records 7.freedom of consent
Prior to engaging in physical activity or structured exercise programs, we need what 4 things?
1.Informed consent 2. Exercise preparticipation health screening 3.Health history (including family history) oCV risk factor analysis
Preparticipation health screening before initiating PA or an exercise program is a two-stage proces. what are the 2 stages?
1.need medical clearance before exercise program using ACSM screening algorithm 2.If indicated during screening, medical clearance should be sought from an appropriate health care provider.
The Primary Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2/4): For substantial health benefits, adults should how much moderate intensity or how much vigorous?
150-300 mins per wk of moderate or75-150 mins per wk of vigorous. Preferably, aerobic activity should be spread throughout the wk
More recent studies have found a lower rate with how many cardiac arrest per 116,906 patient-hours? mow many MI per 219,970 patient-hours and fatality per 752,365 patient-hours? and how many for major complication per 81,670 patient-hours.
1:1:1:1 (only 1 for each)
The Primary Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (4/4): Adults should also do muscle strengthening activities of moderate to greater intensity that involve all major muscles how often?
2 or more days/wk
what is the % fat of woman ? men?
28-30% 23-25%
the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical activity Recommendations(4/5): every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance for a minimum of?
2days per week
the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical activity Recommendations (1/5): All healthy students aged 18-65 yr should participate in moderate-intensity aerobic PA for a minimum of?
30 min for 5 days or vigorous intensity for 20min 3days
the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical activity Recommendations(3/5): moderate-intensity aerobic activity can be accumulated to a total of?
30 minute minimum by preforming bouts each lasting >10mins
The Primary Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (3/4): Additional health benefits are gained by engaging in physical activity beyond the equivalent of?
300 min of moderate intensity physical activity a week
Self-report NHANES data indicate how much sitting time per day? Objectively measured accelerometer data indicate how much sitting time per day?
4.7 hrs/day abt 8 hrs/day
with the estimated dose-response curve for atherosclerotic CVD, if you have 100% activity, how much does u risk decrease?
40%
The Onset Study showed that the risk of AMI during or immediately following vigorous intensity exercise was how much higher, compared to those who work out vigorously?
50 X higher w/ habitually sedentary compared to ppl. who exercised vigorously for 1-h sessions >5 d × wk−1.
Although resistance training is growing in popularity, current evidence is insufficient regarding?
CV complications during resistance training to warrant formal prescreening recommendations.
cardiac, pherpherial vascular and cerebrovascular disease is considered what?
CV disease
More than 20 yr ago, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in conjunction with the?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Surgeon General, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued landmark publications on PA and health
with informed consent (IC), Important ethical and legal should be completed prior to:
Collection of any personal info, any form of fitness training, exercise participation
t/f: IC doe not need to be verbally described?
False: The IC should be verbally described, and the individual be given every chance to ask questions before signing
what form should ensure that individuals know and understand the purpose(s) and risks associated with screening, assessment, and the exercise program?
IC
Absolute annual risk of exercise-related death young competitive U.S. athletes (1980-2011): men? women?
One per ~62,000 men One per ~523,000 women TEST: Death rates also appear to be higher in African American male athletes and basketball players specifically
ACSM v Documented the dose-response relationship between?
PA and health (i.e., some activity is better than none, and more activity, up to a point, is better than less).
The ACSM preparticipation and preexercise screening emphasize the public health message of?
PA for all
This self-guided method can be easily accomplished by using the?
PAR-Q+
__________ & _____________are associated with vigorous intensity and are much less common than MSI but may lead to long-term morbidity and mortality.
SCD and AMI
asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection/disease
identifies those who are at risk for adverse exercise-related CV events and which individuals should be referred for medical clearance?
The preparticipation health screening
for step 1 of the preparticipation health screening, (The need for medical clearance before initiating or progressing exercise programming is determined using the ACSM screening algorithm), are self-guided screenings acceptable substitute for this method?
YASSSS
with recommendations from the ACSM preparticipation and pre-exercise screening, they also acknowledge that vigorous exercise is associated with a small but measurable acute risk of?
activity-associated SCD and AMI and those with with underlying CVD who perform unaccustomed vigorous PA are at highest risk.
ability to change the position of a body in space with speed and accuracy
agility
What are the 6 skill related components of fitness? (aging cords powers balance by reacting to speed)
agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction, speed
what are the two important conclusions that influence the development of the PA recommendations?
health are obtained by performing moderate amount of PA during days/wk. -more health benefits result from more PA. Individuals that have regular PA w/ long duration/greater intensity are likely to derive greater benefit
The Primary Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (1/4): Adults should move more and sit less throughout the day. Some physical activity is better than none. Adults, who sit less and do any amount of activity gain?
health benefits
functional parameters of muscle strength, endurance, and power are well established with?
health benefits of enhancing muscular fitness
how does PA/exercise improve CV and respiratory function?
increased, oxygen, capillary muscles in skeletal muscles, increased threshold for more lactate in blood decreased min. ventilation, myocardial oxygen cost, HR &BP with submaximal exercise
obtaining ______________ _________ from individuals is an important ethical and legal consideration and should be completed prior to?
informed consent (IC) (a) the collection of any personal and confidential information, (b) any form of fitness testing, or (c) exercise participation
30-39% HRR or Vo2, RPE 9-11, the slight increase in HR/breathing, can be referred to as what type of exercise?
light intensity exercise
benefits or PA with decreased mortality and morbidity?
lower: -type 2 diabetes -CVD, stroke, cancers, osteoporosis -primary and secondary prevention
with prevention of exercise-related cardiac events, health care facilities should ensure that their staff are trained in?
managing cardiac emergencies, have specified plan, and have resuscitation equipment
Risk is related to the absence or presence of?
occult CVD, exercise intensity, age, and PA
Medical and CV screening may also uncover a need for?
other health or medical referrals
with the Evidence for the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes in adults, what categories had no relationship? what was not assignable? (chp1,slide10)
ovarian -not assigned= prostate, cognition, well-being
Any movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscles resulting in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure
physical activity (PA)
set of attributes/characteristics individuals have/achieve that relate to their ability to perform PA and activities of daily
physical fitness
Globally, 31.1% of adults are?
physical inactive
a global pandemic that has been identified as one of the four leading contributors to premature mortality
physical inactivity
Health care professionals should know the pathologic conditions associated with exercise-related events so that?
physically active children and adults can be appropriately evaluated.
how fast or explosive u can be to preform work
power
how does regular PA/exercise reduce CV disease risk factors?
they reduce: -systolic/diastolic -total body fat -insulin needs -blood platelet adhesion -inflammation improve: -glucose tolerance -high-density lipoproteins cholesterol
Preparticipation health screening by self-reported medical history or health risk appraisal should be done for all individuals wishing?
to initiate PA program
t/f: In general, exercise does not provoke cardiovascular events in healthy individuals with normal cardiovascular systems
ture
Exercise professionals working with individuals with known CVD in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and medical fitness settings are advised to use?
use more in-depth risk stratification procedures.
As with ______________ ____________exercise, the risk of cardiac events during exercise testing varies directly with the prevalence of diagnosed or __________ ________ in the study population. These data indicate that in a mixed population the risk of exercise testing is _______, with approximately ____ cardiac events per 10,000 symptom-limited maximum tests.
vigorous intensity Occult CVD low 6
>60% HRR or VO2R, >6 METs, RPE >14, substantial increase in HR/breath, is what type of exercise?
vigorous intensity exercise
light physical activity (1.6-2.9 METs) examples
walking slow, making bed, washing dishes, ironing, darts, fishing playing instruments