KINE 270 Quiz 4 Review
False
Moderate physical activity has been defined as any activity that requires an energy expenditure of 1,500 calories per week.
Transport fats in the blood
Which function applies to lipoproteins?
Crustose
Which of the following is NOT one of the major disaccharides, or part of one?
mammogram
A _______ is a low-dose x-ray of the breasts used as a screening technique for the early detection of breast tumors.
20 percent
Approximately what percent of smokers are able to successfully quit on the first attempt?
10-20 minutes of unprotected exposure during peak hours
Grace wants to decrease her chance of skin cancer. Which of the following is safe behavior for her to continue to engage in?
autoimmune system
Growing evidence suggests that moderate exercise improves the system, which may play a role in preventing cancer.
Rough texture
Gwenda is concerned about skin cancer and assessing risk on a specific mole. What characteristics of the mole is NOT a warning sign of melanoma?
False
Habits cannot be changed by deliberate choice.
Hypokinetic
Hypertension, chronic low back pain, and obesity are examples of which type of disease?
30 minutes at least 5 days a week
If your goal is health fitness, how much physical activity is recommended?
protein deficiency
Vegetarians, especially vegans, should be aware of which nutrition concern?
Serotonin
The depletion of what neurotransmitter may be a clue as to why the prolonged use of MDMA impairs verbal and visual memory?
men over age 60
The highest incident of prostate cancer is found in what group?
Striatum
The largest nucleus of the brain's basal ganglia, known as the ____, plays a key role in habit formation.
tobacco use
What lifestyle choice or condition is responsible for 30 percent of all U.S. cancer deaths?
Approximately 28 percent
What percent of yearly deaths in the United States are attributable to cardiovascular disease?
80 percent
What percentage of lung cancer is attributed to cigarette smoking?
Methyl groups
What type of chemical tags can be added directly to DNA to switch genes off?
accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes
Type 2 diabetes _________
physical
Which wellness dimension is most commonly associated with being healthy?
Coronary heart disease
is a condition in which the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
False
The body stores enough ATP to provide energy for 10 seconds.
False
Contemplation is the first stage in the process of willful change.
1,900 steps
A15-minute-mile walk comprises approximately ______ steps.
elevated
Callie underwent a blood test to measure her homocysteine levels and the result was 14 µmol/L. This result is in the ________ range.
15 percent
Data show that each MET increase in cardiorespiratory endurance decreases the risk of a fatal heart attack by what percent?
9
Each gram of fat provides ____ calories, which are more than twice the calories of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.
3
Essential fat accounts for about ____ percent of the total weight in men.
True
Indifference and helplessness underscore a defeatist thought process, that is, we have no control over our health.
At least moderate-intensity exercise
Regina wants to reduce her risk of cancer through physical activity. What intensity should aim for to have a significant effect on her overall risk?
body fat in excess of essential fat, stored in adipose tissue.
Storage fat is defined as _____________
True
A growth mindset places value on effort rather than linking an individual's self-valuation to results.
Marijuana
More than half of illicit drug users begin by experimenting with what drug?
40
Most highly trained athletes have a resting heart rate around ____ beats per minute.
False
Most people think far enough ahead to change unhealthy behaviors before they incur a major health problem.
Metastasis
_________ is the movement of cancerous cells from one part of the body to another.
cigarette smoking
_________is the largest preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States.
subtracting (0.7 &αχυτε; age) from 207
Maximal heart rate is estimated by ____.
Endometrial and breast cancer
Estrogen has been linked to increased risk of what kinds of cancers?
True
Excess glucose in the blood is converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.
Stimulation
Larry has a cigarette first thing in the morning because he says it wakes him up. What is his reason for smoking?
True
Low body weight does not always mean low body fat.
Serotonin
Low levels of ____ have been linked to depression, and exercise has repeatedly been shown to be effective in treating depression.
6 percent
The American Cancer Society estimates that what percent of cancer deaths result from environmental toxins?
HCAs
When proteins are cooked at high temperatures, amino acids are changed into _____ that collect on the surface of meats.
≥ 60 mg/dL
What level of HDL cholesterol indicated a lower risk for cardiovascular disease?
omega-3 fats
What type of dietary fat blocks the synthesis of tumor-promoting prostaglandins?
Proto-oncogenes
What type of genes control the type of cell being created from DNA as well as the frequency of cell division?
Glycogen
When fasting or on a crash diet, ____ storage can be completely depleted in just a few days.
Consider switching to a brand lower in nicotine, tar, or both.
Lanny wants to quit smoking by gradually cutting down. What guidelines should she follow to assist in her success?
unexplained weight loss
One symptom that can be taken as a warning sign for cancer is _________.
lung cancer
What is the most common cancer in the United States?
Desire to quit
What is the most important factor in quitting smoking successfully?
Decreased heart rate
A patient who is suspected to have overdosed on heroin is brought into the emergency department. What physiological response might you expect in this patient?
above 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women
A waist circumference ____ indicates a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.
A combination of behavior or characteristics indicates a problem.
According to the Addictive Behavior Questionnaires, which of the following is an indication that you may have a problem and should contact a physician, counseling center or local mental health clinic?
higher academic performance and better focus
After reviewing the results from 19 different studies of children to young adults, researchers found that students who had 20 minutes of exercise immediately preceding a test or giving a speech had _______________than those who did not exercise.
read in bed quietly for about half an hour
An optimal time to assess resting heart rate would be after you have ____.
Colon/rectum cancer
Bernard is an older African American male. He has been physically inactive for the majority of his life and eats a diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables. This has led to a large waist size. What specific cancer is he at risk for based on the above information?
The same general traits and behaviors are involved in all kinds of addictions
Blaine has an addiction that is supported by his feeling that his addiction temporarily relieves stress, by societal endorsement as seen in advertising and cultural norms, and his own insecurity and self-criticism. What addictive behavior is Blaine likely engaging in?
28.5
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for what percent of all deaths in the United States?
a. better blood pressure control b. increased statin use c. lower smoking rates d. all of these****
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates have declined in the last 50 years due to _________.
increasing clustering of platelets
Cigarette smoking affects the cardiovascular system by _________.
accepting the responsibility to change
Commitment as a process of change is best defined as ____.
earlier in the day
Consuming most of the day's calories ______________seems helpful in losing weight and also in managing atherosclerosis.
breast cancer
Eleanor has a glass or two of wine on most evenings, which (alone) increases her risk for cancer. Her risk is elevated even more because of a family history of __________.
Risk complacency
Feeling the risk associated with an unhealthy behavior is unimportant because the consequences may take years to manifest is most characteristic of which "barrier to change"?
False
Girth measurement is especially accurate in determining the body composition of either very thin people or the morbidly obese.
0.5 lbs
Given the decrease in physical activity nationwide, how much lean tissue does an American adult lose on average each year?
Monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of which of the following?
Angiogenesis
In order for a cancer to develop and grow, a group of precancerous cells must secure oxygen and nutrients through what process?
Health education
Incidence of cardiovascular disease has declined by almost 47 percent between 1960 and 2015. Data indicate that most of the risk-factor improvement is due to which of the following?
reversed in
It has been estimated that 4 weeks of aerobic training are __________ two consecutive weeks of inactivity.
Jack has a greater risk for heart disease
Jack's father suffered a fatal heart attack at age 53 while Julie's mother died of heart disease at age 66. This family history indicates that ____.
The unhealthy diet
Jorge has several of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), including an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, a high body mass index, and hypertension. According to the CHD Risk Factor Analysis, which risk factor carries the heaviest numeric value?
Central nervous system stimulant
Methamphetamine is a drug that works through what mechanism in the body?
dopamine
Methamphetamine may reduce brain levels of the neurotransmitter ___________, which can lead to symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.
Broccoli
Molly has been focusing on increasing her phytonutrient intake. What phytonutrient should she eat in order to keep carcinogens from binding to DNA?
Become familiar with recommendations from multiple organizations.
Nancy is hoping to prevent her chances of developing late-stage cancer by following a schedule of regular screenings. How should she approach obtaining screening for cancer prevention and early detection?
False
Nonresponders, meaning those who show little to no improvements after exercise training, constitute more than 25 percent of exercise participants.
50
Obese men and women have a more than _____ percent increased risk of dying from any form of cancer, and are more likely to have cancer reoccur after remission.
True
One of every two women and up to one in four men over age 50 will have an osteoporotic-related fracture at some point in their lives.
synergistic
One of the most life-threatening effects of drinking is the _______ action of alcohol when combined with other drugs.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Physical inactivity contributes to lowered levels of which of the following?
3
Physiological addiction to nicotine is broken after only ________ days following your last cigarette.
true
Regular physical activity has been shown to improve mood, cognitive function, creativity, and short-term memory.
true
Research indicates that most people, especially obese people, underestimate their energy intake.
80
Researchers agree that as much as ______ percent of all human cancer is related to lifestyle or environmental factors.
prefrontal cortex
Researchers have found an actual growth in gray matter in the brain's ____ as individuals build self-control.
alveoli
Smoking cigarettes can lead to overinflated (obstructed) ____.
a. Heart attacks b. Peptic ulcers c. Pancreatic cancer d. All of these***
Smoking increases risk of which of the following?
False
Storage fat is found within tissues such as muscles, nerve cells, bone marrow, intestines, heart, liver, and lungs.
VO2max
The best indicator of cardiorespiratory or aerobic fitness is ____.
a. a healthy diet b. aerobic exercise c. weight control d. all of these***
The best prescription of controlling blood lipids is __________.
little or no long-lasting health benefits
The latest research indicates that the use of multivitamin supplements has ____.
true
The media have the greatest influence on people's perception of what constitutes an "ideal" body weight.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is ____
HDLs
The primary agents in reverse cholesterol transport are ____.
brown or beige fat
The purpose of _______ cells is to burn fat and generate body heat.
Subcutaneous fat
This type of fat is stored just beneath the skin. These fat cells release more beneficial hormones and communicate with the brain to suppress appetite.
Saturated fat
To reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), what kind of fat should be limited in the diet?
Statins
What group of drugs treats elevated cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme that regulates the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver?
a. mutated tumor suppressor genes b. oncogenes c. inherited mutations d. acquired mutations over the lifespan e. all of these***
What is cancer caused by?
Tobacco and secondhand smoke
What is the biggest carcinogenic exposure in the environment?
Recognizing the reality of the problem
What is the first step in treatment of addiction?
Cigarette smoking
What is the largest preventable cause of illness and premature death in the Unites States?
Frequency and intensity
What does FI stand for in the FITT-VP principle of exercise prescription?
Cocaine
What drug can cause dizziness, blurred vision, seizures, and high blood pressure with high doses, and may even cause a heart attack in individuals with no prior symptoms of heart disease?
Insulin resistance
Which factor can contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome?
a. Lung cancer b. Pancreatic cancer c. Stomach cancer d. All of these*****
Which of the following cancers is associated with cigarette smoking?
African American race
Which of the following decreases risk of stroke?
UV radiation
Which of the following falls into Group 1 of the IARC Classification of agents that may cause cancer?
Decreased smoking
Which of the following has had the greatest impact on the drop in cancer mortality rates in the United States?
Fat affects tumor growth regulators
Which of the following is a hypothesized mechanism through which fat tissue increases cancer risk?
a. Illicit drugs b. Work c. Smartphones d. All of these***
Which of the following is a potential source for addiction?
a. Sore that does not heal b. Difficulty in swallowing c. Unexplained weight loss d. All of these***
Which of the following is an early warning sign for cancer?
Marijuana
Which of the following is an object of chemical dependency?
Strive for 10-20 minutes of unprotected sun exposure on most days between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Which of the following is consistent with research on diet and vitamin intake effects on cancer for Americans?
High levels of stress
Which of the following is likely to have the greatest negative affect on the autoimmune system and therefore render the body less effective in dealing with various cancers?
Limit the consumption of processed charred, or well-done meats.
Which of the following is one of the top 12 recommendations for a cancer prevention lifestyle released by the American Cancer Society?
MDMA is currently undergoing approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Which of the following is true of MDMA?
Cancer is the result of gene mutation and uncontrolled cell growth.
Which of the following is true of cancer?
brown rice
Which product is a good example of a whole-grain food?
Even one drink per day slightly enhances breast cancer risk in women
Which statement best describes the relationship between drinking alcohol and the risk of developing breast cancer?
Social cognitive theory
Which theory holds that behavior change is influenced by the environment, self-efficacy, and characteristics of the behavior itself?
Mental wellness
Which wellness dimension implies that you can apply the things you have learned, create opportunities to learn more, and engage your mind in lively interaction with the world around you?
gain of 1 to 2 pounds per year
With respect to weight, if current trends hold, the American adult will average a ____.
20 minutes
Within how much time do positive effects of smoking cessation begin to happen in the body?