Kinesiology
Terms describing general movements
9 terms
Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion)
Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia one bone in the sagittal plane
Palmar flexion
Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.
Protraction (abduction)
Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine. Abduction of the scapula
Pronation
Internally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies diagonally across the ulna, resulting in the palm-down position of the forearm.
Terms describing radioulnar joint movements
2 Terms
Terms describing shoulder joint movements
2 Terms
Terms describing spine movements
2 Terms
Terms describing ankle and foot movements
6 Terms
Terms describing shoulder girdle movements
6 Terms
Terms describing wrist and hand movements
6 Terms
Pronation
A combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out)
Supination
A combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in).
Radial flexion (radial deviation)
Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm.
Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)
Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.
Retraction (adduction)
Backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine. Adduction of the scapula
Flexion
Bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. An example is the elbow joint when the hand is drawn to the shoulder
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone. It is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Sometimes referred to as circumflexion. An example occurs when the shoulder alder joint joint a and the hip joint move in a circular fashion around a fixed point, either clockwise or counterclockwise
Opposition of the thumb
Diagonal movement of the thumb across the pal- mar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers
Reposition of the thumb
Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers.
Plantar flexion
Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane
Dorsal flexion (dorsiflexion)
Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the lateral forearm
Supination
Externally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna, resulting in the palm-up position of the forearm.
Depression
Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug.
Abduction
Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. An example is raising the arms or legs to the side horizontally
Diagonal abduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body such as in the hip or glenohumeral joint.
Diagonal adduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body such as in the hip or glenohumeral joint
Adduction
Movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. An example is lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position.
Lateral flexion (side bending)
Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction.
Horizontal adduction
Movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adduction.
Reduction
Return of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine
External rotation
Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane and is is also also known known as as rotation rotation laterally, outward rotation, and lateral rotation.
Internal rotation
Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane and is also known as rotation medially, inward rotation. and medial rotation
Rotation upward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward.
Rotation downward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation. The inferior angle may actually move upward slightly as the scapula continues in extreme downward rotation.
Extension
Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart usually in the sagittal plane. Using the elbow, an example is when the hand moves away from the shoulder
Elevation
Superior movement movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. An example is shrugging the shoulders
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane; adduction. An example is standing with the weight on the outer edge of the foot
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane abduction. An example is standing with the weight on the inner edge of the foot.