Kinesiology Final

glenohumeral to scapular motion

2:1

the ability of a muscle to recoil or return to normal resting length after a stretching or shortening force is removed is called:

elasticity

if the radial nerve is severed above the origin of the triceps muscle, what motion of the elbow joint is impossible?

extension

optimal wrist position during grip activities is 20-35 degrees of wrist _____ and slight _____

extension; ulnar deviation

listers tubercle provides a pulley for what muscle?

extensor pollicis longus

i originate from the transverse process of the upper cervical vertebrae and insert only to the medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and the superior angle:

levator scapulae

i attach to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and also to the olecranon of the ulna

long head of the triceps brachii

closed-packed positions of synovial joints are best characterized by ___ joint congruency and ____ gliding between articular surfaces

maximal/minimal

when slowly lowering a 30 lb weight from full shoulder abduction to down by your side, which muscle is working as the MOST prime mover?

middle deltoid

your pt has a cuff weight around her wrist and is performing shoulder abduction. To make this exercise as easy as possible, you would....

move it more proximal and have the pt lay down

how do you explain what an extrinsic muscle is?

muscle belly in forearm

all of the following are examples of external forces except what?

muscles

what three things affect recruitment or magnitude of a muscle contraction?

number of motor units firing size of the muscle and motor units voluntary/cognitive effort

what nerve innervates the adductor muscles?

obturator

Hinge joints exhibit ____ degrees of freedom

one

which iliosacral motion is coupled with external rotation of the hip?

outflare

the biceps tendon is probably composed of ____ colored muscle fibers

pale

ligament that prevents excessive wrist extension at the radiocarpal joint

palmar radiocarpal

collectively, the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium form a muscles _____ elastic component

parallel

the greatest amount of force can be produced from muscles that are arranged in ____ that are architecturally classified as ____ in shape

parallel; pennate

tenodesis is an example of what kind of insufficiency?

passive

which one of these joints is highly reinforced by ligaments and a disc and functions primarily as a transporter to position the shoulder girdle in space?

sternoclavicular

the triangular fibrocartilage complex is located between..?

ulna and proximal row of carpal bones

what is the primary articulating surface of the TMJ?

articular eminance

C3-C7 facets are oriented at what degree?

45

patellofemoral joint reaction forces are greatest in a closed kinetic chain when the joint is at _____ degrees of flexion

90

in which position of the knee is there the greatest about of transverse or axial rotation?

90 degrees

which ligament restricts extension of the spine

ALL

cervical side bending without keeping eyes forward is a problem at what joint?

AA

the _____ ligament and ____ muscles group work together to dynamically stabilize the posterior knee and prevent excessive anterior translation of the tibia or posterior translation of the femur

ACL and hamstrings

which muscle specifically attaches to the superior medial aspect of the patella and helps to pull the patella medially?

VMO

the upper joint space of the TMJ is classified as what?

a gliding joint that provides translation

motion at the scapulothoracic joint is a result of combined motion from which two joints?

acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular

what is the angle of torsion at the femur?

angle formed between axis of the head and neck of the femur and axis of the femoral condyles

the acl runs from the _____ surface of the tibia to the _____ surface of the femur and tightens during knee ______

anterior tibia to posterior femur and tightens on extension

what is the mechanical advantage and purpose of any first class lever

balance

the elbow relies on this for stability

bony goniometry

which elbow flexor is recruited in all tasks requiring elbow flexion?

brachialis

the axis for radial and ulnar deviation passes through which carpal bone?

capitate

enhancing joint stability can be enhanced by performing ____ kinetic chain exercises

closed

a strong contraction of the biceps with the elbow flexed and shoulder abducted to 90 degrees promotes ____ and prevents ___ translation of the glenohumeral joint

compression; superior

a disorder of the hip where the angle of inclination is close to 90 degrees

coxa vara

passive tension declines as the muscle shortens because there are fewer crossbridges available between actin and myosin: true or false?

false

in a closed kinetic chain, the _____ will medially rotate on the ____ when the knee locks into extension

femur; tibia

simultaneous active ___ of the MCP and ___ of the PIP elicits the highest amount of EMG activity from the intrinsics

flexion; extension

which extrinsic muscle is innervated solely by the ulnar nerve?

flexor carpi ulnaris

which extrinsic muscle, if absent or impaired would inhibit the ability to make a full fist?

flexor digitorum profundus

how do we calculate torque?

force x perpendicular distance from axis center

a horizontal force that opposes motion

friction

which forces may retard motion if excessive?

friction and gravity

what two muscles tilt the pelvis posteriorly

glut max and abdominals

injury to the median nerve at the level of the proximal forearm results in which hand deformity?

hand of benediction?

the normal end-feel for radial deviation is..?

hard-bony

most of the motion at the elbow comes from what articulation?

humeroulnar

which of the following structures at the knee has a lateral pull on the patella causing it to dislocate if too tight or if pull is too strong?

iliotibial band

four reasons for lumbar lordosis

increased lumbosacral angle weak abdominals tight hip flexors tight back extensors

using crutches ______ an individuals base of support

increases

which part of the glenohumeral joint is loose and has many folds which is a possible site for adhesions?

inferior

bony landmark used as a reference point for upward and downward rotation of the scapula

inferior angle

i am located on the anterior aspect of the shoulder, attach to the corocoid process and am an important scapular depressor and downward rotator

pectoralis minor

the third muscle in the force couple with levator scapula and rhomboids is what?

pectoralis minor

which muscle orientation is able to produce the most amount of force?

pennate

if you want a pt to increase power, you would prescribe what type of exercise?

power

what nerve is lost or damaged in a patient with wrist drop (loss of extension)?

radial

in order to act as a pronator/supinator a muscle muscle attach to which bone?

radius

when lumbar spine is in neutral and you SB to right what else occurs?

rotate left

lumbar facets are oriented in which plane of motion?

sagittal

motion that occurs about the x-axis

sagittal

which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

scaphoid

the sternoclavicular joint is classified as a ___ joint

sellar (saddle)

pes anserine muscles

semitendinosus, sartorius, gracilis

my main action is to protract the scapula

serratus anterior

what muscles are the major stabilizers at the scapula when the arm is flexed to 90 degrees and holding a 20 lb weight in the hand?

serratus anterior and trapezius

this is the inner layer of the synovial joint capsule and it is highly vascularized but poorly innervated

stratum synovium

which SITS muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity?

subscapularis

during thoraco-costal cage side bending to the right, which of the following accessory motions occurs at the right CT joint

superior glide and internal torsion

these joints are classified as "simple" and work primarily for stability

synarthrodial

the CMC joint is mobile while the MCP joint of the thumb is stable: true or false?

true

the hamstrings are predominantly influenced by muscle length as it relates to generating torque: true or false?

true

a joint that has two axis of motion has how many degrees of freedom?

two

the trochlea articulates with which bone?

ulna

which of the following is not an action of the levator scapula?

upward rotation

the upper trap, lower trap, and serratus anterior have which of the following actions in common?

upward rotation of the scapula