Kings School Aerodynamics Review

Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

Know how to identify chord line on a wing

An imaginary line that goes through the wing (points in the direction the wing is pointing)

Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem? (inability to get airborne even though airspeed is sufficient for normal takeoff needs or becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed)

Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.

The term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle between the

Chord line of the wing and the relative wind

An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be (a longer takeoff run, difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition, stalling at higher than normal airspeed)

Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition

When are the four forces on an airplane in equilibrium?

During unaccelerated flight

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?

Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability

The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is (heavy dirty and fast, light dirty and fast, heavy clean and slow)

Heavy clean and slow

What makes an airplane turn? (horizontal component of lift or vertical component of lift)

Horizontal component of lift

*What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating

Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be (less stable at all speeds, less stable at slow speeds but more stable at high speeds, or less stable at high speeds but more stable at low speeds)?

Less stable at all speeds

Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain (constant altitude and airspeed, constant angle of attack, level flight attitude)

Level flight attitude

The condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a

Light quartering tailwind

*In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indications?

Maneuvering speed

Know how to identify relative wind

Moves opposite of wing

*How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

Outward, upward, and around each tip

An airplane said to be inherently stable will (be difficult to stall, require less effort to control, or not spin)

Require less effort to control

The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the (position of CG, speed of an airplane, abruptness at which the load is applied)

Speed of an airplane

What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nose down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and the elevator effectiveness is reduced

What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

The location of CG with respect to the center of lift

What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight and level flight?

Thrust equals Drag, Lift equals Weight

Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?

Turns

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left? A. when at low angles of attack. B. when at high angles of attack. C. when at high airspeeds.

When at high angles of attack

Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft's (lift/drag ratio, lifting capacity, aerodynamic balance and controllability)

aerodynamic balance and controllability

When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft

below and upwind the heavy aircraft

Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is

developing lift

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at

less than the length of the wingspan above the surface

As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will (increase, decrease, or remain the same)

remain the same regardless of altitude

The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will (increase if CG is moved forward, change with an increase in gross weight, or remain the same regardless of gross weight)

remain the same regardless of gross weight

Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

sink below the aircraft generating turbulence

When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to

sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence

*During an approach to stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to (stall at a higher airspeed, have a tendency to spin, be more difficult to control)

stall at a higher airspeed