L3 CERAD SJA
What types of road surfaces are there?
- Tarmac - asphalt - anti-skid - concete - cobbles, brick paving or pavers - metal surfaces ( metal sheet inspection hatches, drains ect.)
Are we exempt from wearing a seatbelt ?
NO
On ERD are you exempt from a no right turn sign ?
NO
On ERD are you exempt from dangerous driving ?
NO
Are you exempt from stopping at a RTC ?
No
Can a learner driver on a motorway ?
No
Can we fail to obey a " no entry sign " ?
No ( only if directed by a police officer in uniform )
What colour background is a non-primary, primary and motorway sign?
Non-primary - white with a black outline Primary - green Motorway - blue
On a motorway/smart motorway where would you pull into if an emergency happened with your vehicle ?
Normal motorway = hard shoulder Smart motorway = emergency use area
What must you do if a vehicle coming towards you has high/main beam on?
Nothing the driver must look to N/S kerb and MUST NOT use/flash headlights to intimidate other road users
Are we exempt from wearing a seatbelt in the rear of the ambulance ?
Only when performing CPR or Respiratory assistance to a pt
What is the main cause of brake fade?
Overheating due to over use of brakes
What are the three positions in the road ?
P1- N/S of lane P2 - centre of lane P3 - O/S of the lane
What is a T1 hazard ?
Physical feature ( roundabout, bends ect)
How should you pass a horse?
Wide low and all audible noises turned off until at a safe distance
Braking distance increase in rain and icy conditions by what to normal braking distances ?
X2 in rain Up to x10 in icy
Are you exempt from parking in a bus lane ?
Yes any category of pt
Can we enter a pedestrian precinct ?
Yes but only but under ERD exemption (999)
Are you allowed to cross a red flashing light at a level crossing or fire station when driving on ERD or normally ?
You MUST NOT cross or pass the stop line of a level crossing or fire station when the red light flashes
When and at what speed can you cross a double solid white line?
You MUST NOT cross or straddle a solid white line other than when overtaking a horse, cycle, parked car or highways vehicle travelling at less than 10mph
Are you allowed to drive on the hard shoulder ?
You MUST NOT drive in the hard shoulder unless for an emergency or if instructed to do so by police
Are you allowed to park and drive in a cycle lane ?
You MUST NOT drive or park in a cycle lane (exemptions apply )
Are you allowed to enter a box junction ?
You MUST NOT enter a box junction until your exit road or lane is clear (exemption applies999)
Are you allowed to exceed the speed limits for the roads ?
You MUST NOT exceed the speed limits for the roads and vehicles (exemptions apply )
Are you allowed to overload your vehicle ?
You MUST NOT overload your vehicle
Are you allowed to tow anything?
You MUST NOT tow more than your licence allows
Are you allowed to use a mobile or radio device, technology in a vehicle when driving ?
You MUST NOT use a hand held device of any type when driving or supervising a learner
Are you allowed to use your hazard lights to say thank you ?
You MUST NOT use hazard lights, unless to warn other road users of a hazard or obstruction ahead.
Are you allowed to use your fog lights at any time ?
You MUST NOT use your front or rear fog lights unless visibility is reduced to 100m or less
You cannot use your horn during hours of darkness ?
You MUST NOT use your horn between the hours of 2330-0700 ( under ERD we have exemption )
What colour is a national speed limits ?
Black and white
What alters a vehicles balance, stability and tyre grip ?
Braking , steering and acceleration
What colour is a tourist information sign ?
Brown
How do you maintain constant speed when cornering ?
By use of the accelerator
What shape is an order sign?
Circle
What 2 road surfaces have a likelihood to skidding ?
Cobbles, brick paving and pavers Metal surfaces
When driving through a microclimate (ice) or aquaplaning what should you do ?
Come off the accelerator and brake + hold the steering wheel firmly in the direction originally travelling
What are three types of motorways ?
Controlled motorway Hard shoulder running All lanes running
What does ESP mean and what do it do ?
Electronic stability programme - an active system which incorporates conventional ABS and TCS. It is designed to help vehicle stability by detecting when it is driven to the limit of its physical capabilities.
What are 8 human factors that cause collisions ?
Fatigue Red mist Lack of concentration Speed Complacency Frustration Driver behaviour Stress
What are the 3 types of skid?
Front wheel Rear wheel All wheel
What can overtaking lead to ?
Head on collisions, 90% risk of death travelling at 60mph, 1 out of 20 people are killed during overtaking
You MUST NOT overtake when ?
If you cross/straddle double white lines with a solid one nearest. If you have to enter an area surrounded by a solid line If you had to enter a bus, tram or cycle lane If a "no overtaking" sign is present
What does IPSGA mean ?
Information, position, speed, gear, acceleration
In extreme weather conditions what should you ask yourself before driving ?
Is my journey really necessary
ABS does not make us stop in a shorter distance, what does it do?
It helps steering during harsh braking
If following a large vehicle what could you do to gain information ?
Keep well back and take views from booths sides of the vehicle O/S and N/S.
What lane do you use to join a motorway ?
Lane 2 from an elevated entry Lane 1 from an inclined entry
Prior to the use of an ambulance especially for ERD, checks must be carried out to make sure its what ?
Safe for intended use Roadworthy Comply with road traffic law Satisfies with health and safety legislation Sets a good example to other road users
What is the speed limit of a goods vehicle on different roads which are national speed limit ?
Single carriageway = 50mph Dual carriageway = 60mph Motorway = 70
Stopping distance = ________ +__________
Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distances
What does TUG stand for?
Take, use, give information
What does output mean?
Taking action - by making an appropriate response
What is the decision making process?
The ability to make sense of information so : A) anticipating how events may unfold B) planning the risks/hazards and grading them C) assessing space, position and gear
What is input?
The vision primarily and hearing sceondly sending information to the brain
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 50mph ?
Thinking 15m overall 53m
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 20mph ?
Thinking 6m overall 12m
What is decision time ?
Time between observing the hazard and deciding what to do
What is a response time?
Time when starting physical output/reactions
When can you flash your headlights ?
To let other road users know your there
What does the TCS mean and what does it do ?
Traction control system - controlling excess wheel spin on individual wheels, by applying independent braking to a spinning wheel. Some system may also limit the wheel turning power of the engine to increase tyre grip
What shape is an advanced warning sign?
Triangle
What does VDI and PDC mean ?
VDI = vehicle daily inspection PDC = pre-driving checks
What is a T3 hazard ?
Weather (snow, rain, sun,ice wind ect)
When do you carry out a mobile brake test ?
When completing a PDC
How many collisions happen each day and what's the most common collision?
25 ambulance collisions per day, most common = ambulances collide with parked cars
What is the height off the shoulder that a seatbelt should be ?
25-50mm
What is the legal tread limit on a tyre (WAST) ?
2mm
How many types of hazards are there ?
3
At what point do you signal to leave the motorway ?
300yrd countdown marker
What is the maximum speed for an urban road ?
30mph
How many factors make up driving plan?
5 in total 1 what can you see? 2 what can't you see? 3 what might you reasonably expect to happen? 4what hazard represents the most danger ? 5 what to do if things work out different to expected ( contingency plan)
How many days do you have to produce documents to police station ?
7 days
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 30mph ?
9m thinking 23m overall
What is the last thing to do before moving off in a vehicle?
A final mirror check and check over shoulder in blind spot
every action equals what?
A reaction
An ambulance VDI has 7 stages what are they ?
1. Check exterior 2. Check wheels and tyres 3. Check under the bonnet 4. Check lights and reflectors 5. Check glass, wipers and washers 6. Check audible warning equipment and exhaust 7. Check auxiliary controls
What are the key aspects to planning ?
1. Observation 2. Anticipation 3. Prioritise 4. Decide what to do ? 5. Act
What three things should you consider when seating apt in the back on an ambulance?
Make sure pts feet can touch the floor Sit on the O/S of the vehicle for a smoother ride Don't sit on a wheel arch when possible
What other physiological factors can affect concern traction and reaction times when driving ?
Minor illness Medications Residual blood/drug alcohol; Low/high blood sugar levels Life stresses such as bereavement
What's the 3 basic stages of movement in a vehicle?
Mirror, signal, manoeuvre
Braking smoothly has three stages what are they ?
1. Take up free play in the pedal 2. Increase pressure progressively to bring vehicle to a stop 3. Release brake pressure just before stopping or when enough speed is lost
What is the legal tread limit on a tyre (Highway Code)?
1.6mm
On any road junction, what is the minimum distance you can park if no solid lines ?
10m
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 40mph ?
12m thinking 36m overall
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 60mph ?
18m thinking 73m overall
What gears match what speed?
1st = 0-10pm 2nd = 10-2-mph 3rd = 20-30mph 4th = 30-40mph 5th 40mph+
Why should you leave a space between ourselves and the vehicle in front ?
1st so if a person drives into the back of our vehicle we have space to not hit the vehicle in front of you 2nd if you receive a red call we can manoeuvre easily from behind the vehicle in front 3rd so not to intimidate the driver in front
On ERD how fast over the speed limit is acceptable ?
20mph
What is thinking time and overall breaking distance 70mph ?
21m thinking 96m overall
What is a T2 hazard ?
Movement and position of other road users
If leaving a motorway at what point should you be in lane 1?
At the 1/2 mile motorway junction sign
What are the 4 skid causes ?
BASS = brakes, acceleration , speed, steering
On a narrow or single track lane what should we do reference braking ?
Allow twice the overall stopping distance that you can see to be clear, allowing room for any oncoming vehicles to brake as too.
When driving at night, round a corner, in poor visibility what gap should you leave ?
Always drive so you can stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your side of the road
When is a banksman needed and where should they be used?
Always when reversing and banksman should be 1m from the N/S of the vehicle and always visible in the N/S mirror.
What distance are ETB POSTS, ETB signs and ETB's?
Post are 100m apart Signs are 500m ETB's are 1.5 miles apart
What shape is an information sign?
Rectangular
What colour are the studs on the hard shoulder ?
Red
What does looking well ahead and anticipating potential hazards do ?
Reduces fuel consumption by cutting down on unnecessary acceleration and braking
