Lab 11 Connect- the spinal cord and spinal nerves
The bundle of nerves inferior to the medullary cone of the spinal cord is called the
cauda equina
Which rami of spinal nerves T1-L2 connect to the sympathetic chain ganglia?
communicating
External to the neurilemma of a nerve fiber is the layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fiber called a(n)
endoneurium
What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS called?
ganglion
A BLANK nerve fiber innervates widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands, viscera, and blood vessels.
general
A nerve containing both sensory and motor nerve fibers is called a(n)
mixed nerve
Which meninx is closely associated with the contours of the spinal cord?
pia mater
Unlike visceral fibers that innervate blood vessels, glands, and viscera, ______ nerve fibers innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.
somatic
The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain the somas of which neurons?
somatic motor
Which fibers are nerve fibers that innervate more localized organs in the head (eyes, ears, olfactory and taste receptors, etc.)?
special
What is the gray commissure of the spinal cord?
A band of gray matter connecting the gray matter of the left side with the gray matter of the right side
The horns of the spinal cord that contain the cell bodies of outgoing somatic motor neurons are
anterior
Which horns of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of outgoing somatic motor neurons?
anterior
Which ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk?
anterior
Pain during childbirth is often managed by injecting an anesthetic into which space?
epidural
space is located between the vertebrae and the dural sheath around the spinal cord.
epidural
The enlargement that is the area of spinal cord that gives rise to the nerves of the lower limbs and pelvis is which of the following?
lumbosacral enlargement
Each pair of spinal nerves serves a part of the spinal cord called a spinal
segment
What is a region of the spinal cord supplied by a pair of spinal nerves called?
segment
What is the cauda equina?
A bundle of nerve roots occupying the vertebral canal from L2 to S5
What is a nerve?
A cord of nerve fiber bundles bound together by connective tissue
Which of the following describes a sensory nerve?
A nerve containing only fibers carrying incoming nerve signals to the CNS
Which describes a motor nerve?
A nerve containing only fibers carrying outgoing nerve signals from the CNS
What is a fasciculus in the spinal cord?
A tract of nerve fibers within a funiculus
Choose all that are nerve plexuses of the body.
Cervical Sacral Brachial Lumbar
The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses?
Cervical, lumbar, sacral
How are the spinal cord regions named?
For the level of vertebral column from which its spinal nerves emerge
In an adult, the spinal cord ends at which vertebra?
L1
Which spinal cord areas are composed of gray matter?
Posterior horn Gray commissure Anterior horn
A(n) ______ fiber is a nerve fiber carrying nerve signals toward the central nervous system.
afferent
A longitudinal groove on the ventral surface of the spinal cord is which fissure?
anterior median fissure
Which meninx is just below (deep to) the dura mater?
arachnoid mater
Where does the spinal cord arise from the medulla oblongata?
at the foramen magnum
A nerve fiber refers to which part of a neuron?
axon
In the spinal cord, the BLANK canal is lined with ependymal cells and contains cerebrospinal fluid.
central
What does the central canal of the spinal cord contain?
cerebrospinal fluid
The BLANK enlargement of the spinal cord gives rise to the nerves of the upper limbs.
cervical
Which structure is formed from nerves C1-C5?
cervical plexus
Choose all the regions of the spinal cord.
cervical, throacic, lumbar, sacral
Place the spinal cord regions in order from superior (at the top) to inferior (at the bottom).
cervical, throacic, lumbar, sacral
The left and right sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord are connected by the gray
commissure
What is the epineurium composed of?
dense irregular connective tissue
Which are extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord?
denticulate ligaments
What is the order of the meninges from superficial to deep?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What is the loose connective tissue surrounding an individual nerve fiber called?
endoneurium
What is the dense irregular connective tissue layer enclosing an entire nerve called?
epineurium
Which is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?
epineurium
Within a nerve, nerve fibers are gathered into bundles called what?
fascicles
A ______ is a tract of nerve fibers within a column of the spinal cord.
fasiculus
The structure that is the tapered end of the spinal cord is called which of the following?
medullary cone
The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain somas of somatic ______ neurons.
motor
What type of nerve is a nerve containing only fibers carrying outgoing nerve signals from the CNS?
motor
is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.
nerve
What are two examples of nerves that carry only sensory information?
olfactory and optic nerves
Which are purely sensory nerves?
olfactory and optic nerves
Within a nerve, each fascicle is wrapped in which layer?
perineurium
The BLANK mater is the meningeal layer that is closely associated with the contours of the spinal cord.
pia
The denticulate ligaments are extensions of which meninx?
pia mater
Which meninx forms the terminal filum?
pia mater
Which ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the local muscles, joints, and skin of the back?
posterior
longitudinal groove on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord
posterior median sulcus
In the PNS, the BLANK cells form a neurilemma and the myelin sheath around an axon.
schwann
Nerve fibers of peripheral nerves are encased in which cells?
schwann
A somatic fiber innervates which of the following?
skin, skeletal muscles, bones, joints
The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called the
subarachnoid space