Lab Exam 2
A
0.5 McFarland standard solution is a combination of? A. Barium chloride dihydrate and sulfuric acid B. Barium hydroxide and hydroclonic acid C. Barium bromide and sulphuric acid D. Barium perchlorate and nitric acid
dichotomous
A ________ key is a flowchart that can be used to identify an organism by making a series of choices until you arrive at one possibility
B
A particular microorganism can be distinguished from several closely related microorganisms by determination of its preferred growth temperature. This is an example of a ______ characteristic that can be used for identification. A. morphological B. cultural C. physiological
A
An organism has been shown to produce hydrogen sulfide and indole in its metabolism. These are examples of ___________ characteristics that can be helpful in identifying the microorganism. A. physiological B. genotypic C. morphological D. immunological
C
An organism is resistant to antibiotic means? A. Produce large inhibition zones B. Able to grow well in the MHA plate C. Can grow around the impregnated antibiotic disk D. Cannot grow in the presence of antibiotic disk
B
Area of no growth around an antibiotic disk indicates? A. The organism is resistant to that particular antibiotic B. The organism is susceptible to that antibiotic C. The chemical agent lacks the ability to diffuse into the medium D. None of the above
D
Factors which influence antimicrobial susceptibility test is/are? A. pH B. Moisture C. Effects of Thymidine or Thymine D. All of the above
B
How do you determine the strain of an unknown bacterium? A. You should make a careful investigation of the morphology of the bacterial cells using a microscope to make a firm identification B. You use multiple biochemical tests and pre-existing knowledge to classify the bacteria C. You need to quantify the number of bacteria in the sample to determine the strain
B
Identification of a bacterium can not be made on a microscopic morphology alone because________. A. staining reactions are variable and are not a reliable characteristic B. many microorganisms have a similar microscopic morphology C. bacterial shapes are usually variable and are not a reliable characteristic for identification D. staining and microscopic observation is too time-consuming for routine use
C
Identification of a bacterium can not be made on microscopic morphology alone because_______? A. staining reactions are variable and are not a reliable characteristic B. bacterial shapes are usually variable and are not a reliable characteristic for identifcation C. many microorganisms have a similar microscopic morphology D. staining and microscopic observation is too time-consuming for routine use
A
Importance of Kirby-Bauer test is? A. Qualitative B. Quantitative C. Semi-qualitative D. Semi-quantitative
A, D
In the ladder analogy, which of the following form the sides of the ladder? CATA A. Phosphate groups B. Adenine C. Nitrogenous base D. Deoxyribose sugar
B, C
Inoculation of which test(s) involves stabbing the organism into the medium with an inoculating needle? CATA A. Methyl red B. KIA C. SIM D. MacConkey agar E. Citrate test
C, E, F
Phenol red carbohydrate broths with Durham tubes can detect CATA A. aerobic respiration B. nitrate reduction C. acid production D. indole production E. gas production F. fermentation
A
Principle of Kirby Bauer test? A. Diffusion of antibiotic agents B. Confluent growth of microorganism C. Dilution of antibiotic agents D. Solubility of chemical agents
D
The Gram stain is an example of a test that can be used to determine the __________ characteristics of a baterium. A. physiological B. genetic C. cultural D. morphological
C
The Gram stain is an example of a test that can be used to determine the _________characteristics of a bacterium. A. physiologic B. genetic C. morphological D. cultural
A
The enzyme responsible for the polymerization of nucleotides during transcription is____? A. RNA polymerase B. DNA polymerase C. helicase D. ligase
A
The enzyme that links DNA nucleotides together to form a new daughter strand is called _______. A. DNA polymerase B. transcriptase C. replicase D. RNA polymerase
D
The ninth edition of Bergey's Manual of determinative bacteriology was designed solely for _________. A. classifying bacteria according to their 16sDNA B. culturing new strains of bacteria C. describing evolutionary relationships between bacterial species D. identifying bacteria that have already been cultured an phenotypically examined
A, D, E
What 3 main approaches can be used by microbiologists to identify microorganisms? CATA A. Genetic B. Atmospheric C. Antibiotic D. Phenotypic E. Immunologic F. Transgenic
A
What causes the color change in a positive urease test? A. the production of ammonia to urea B. the production of urea from tryptophan C. the production of acid from urea fermentation D. the production of urea from glucose
D
What is the internationally recognized reference for bacterial classification and identification? A. The Complete Guide to Bacteriology B. Encylopedia of Bacterial Taxonomy C. Dolan DNA Center's Identification Manual D. Bergey's Manual
B
When choosing a biochemical test to perform on an unknown bacterium, you should consider which of the following? A. Choose the test that takes enough time to get the accurate results B. Choose an easy, rapid test that is applicable for its main group of bacteria C. Choose any biochemical test as most tests are valuable for any type of bacteria
B
Which methods used in bacterial identification usually require culturing of the unknown bacteria? A. Genotypic B. Phenotypic C. Immunologic
C
Which methods used to identify a microorganism causing an infection rely on the response of the host, rather than observation of the microorganisms properties? A. Genotypic methods B. Phenotypic methods C. Immunologic methods
A, C, D
Which of the following are advantages of using multitest media or systems? CATA A. Improved efficiency B. Improved accuracy C. Reduction in the time required for identification D. Reduction in media usage
A, B, E
Which of the following are examples of physiologic (biochemical) characteristics that could be used in the bacterial identification process? CATA A. Presence of specific enzyme B. Ability to ferment glucose C. Gram stain reaction D. Cell shape E. Ability to break down lipids
A
Which of the following biochemical tests can be performed on a well-isolated colony and can provide immediate results without further incubation? A. Oxidase test B. Citrate test C. Glucose fermentation D. Nitrate reduction
A, B, D
Which of the following biochemical tests involve growth of an organism in a specific broth medium? CATA A. nitrate reduction test B. methyl red test C. oxidase test D. phenol red carbohydrate fermentation test E. SIM test
C, E
Which of the following biochemical tests require growth of the microorganism on an agar slant prepared from a specific medium? CATA A. SIM B. Oxidase test C. Urease test D. Methyl red test E. Citrate test
D
Which of the following is a product of nitrate reduction that is directly detected via the nitrate reduction test? A. ammonia B. nitrogen gas C. amino acids D. nitrite
C
Which of the following is an example of a culturing requirement that could be used in the bacterial identification process? A. Gram stain reaction B. Ability to ferment glucose C. Oxygen preferences D. Cell shape
D
Which of the following is an example of a culturing requirement that could be used in the bacterial infection process? A. Gram strain reaction B. Ability to ferment glucose C. Cell Shape D. Oxygen preferences
A
Which of the following is an example of a morphological characteristic that could be used in the bacterial identification process? A. Cell shape B. Production of gas bubbles in broth C. Oxygen requirement D. Presence of urease enzyme
D
Which of the following is detected by the methyl red test? A. lactose fermentation B. nitrate reduction C. indole production D. mixed acid fermentation
A
Which of the following is the quickest way to isolate bacteria from a mixture? A. Streak plating B. Serial dilution followed by spread plating C. Loop dilution followed by pour plating
B, C, D
Which of the following may benefit from the identification of specific microorganisms? CATA A. Radiation treatment of produce and meat B. Treatment of infectious disease C. Detection of bioterrorism risk D. Water quality analysis
D
Which of the following media tests can provide information on more than one biochemical characteristic? CATA A. Oxidase test B. Gram staining C. SIM tubes D. Kligler's iron agar (KIA)
A, D, E
Which of the following methods could be used to isolate bacteria from a mixture? CATA A. Loop dilution pour plating B. Smear preperation C. Gram staining D. Streak plating E. Serial Dilution followed by spread plating
A, C, E
Which of the following methods could be used to isolate bacteria from a mixture? CATA A. Serial dilution followed by spread plating B. Gram staining C. Streak plating D. Smear preparation E. Loop dilution pour plating
B, C, D
Which of the following tests require the addition of reagents AFTER incubation? CATA A. Citrate test B. Methyl red C. Nitrate reduction D. Detection of indole in SIM E. Detection of glucose fermentation in KIA F. Detection of hydrogen sulfide in SIM
A, D
Which of the following types of media might be particularly helpful in the isolation of a single bacterial species from mixed bacterial culture? CATA A. Differential B. Nutrient C. Enriched D. Selective
B, D
Which of the following types of media might be particularly helpful in the isolation of a single bacterial species from mixed bacterial culture? CATA A. Enriched B. Selective C. Nutrient D. Differential
D
Which of the following would be a good starting point for identifying an unknown bacterium? A. Enzyme assays B. Temperature preference C. Fermentation tests D. Gram staining
C
Which of the following would be a good starting point for identifying an unknown bacterium? A. Temperature preference B. Enzyme assays C. Gram staining D. Fermentation tests
A
_____Identification methods examine the DNA sequence of an organism, where as ____________identification methods use antibody-antigen reactions to identify microorganisms. A. Genotypic;immunologic B. Genotypic;phenotypic C. Phenotypic;immunologic D. Immunologic;phenotypic E. Immunologic;enotypic
pure culture
a bacterial culture containing only one strain of microorganism
liquid broth culture
a liquid nutrient medium used for the propagation of microorganisms
aseptic technique
a set of procedures employed in the handling of microbes without causing contamination from outside sources
petri dish
a shallow, transparent glass or plastic container that is covered by a larger lid
inoculum
a small amount of microorganism used to start a new culture
colony
a visible mass of microorganisms formed by replication of a single microorganism on an agar surface, often in a petri dish
TNF alpha
an important protein that helps the body resist disease
agar slant
bacterial culture medium containing agar in a test tube that is allowed to solidify at an angle and forms a solid surface
agar plate
bacterial culture medium containing agar poured into a petri dish
agar media
bacterial culture medium that contains agar as a solidifying agent and is used for growing microorganisms
ethidium bromide
binds to the DNA and will fluoresce under UV light showing the location of DNA fragments
C
how do you determine the strain of unknown bacterium? A. you need to quantify the number of bacteria in the sample to determine the strain B. you should make a careful investigation of the morphology of the bacterial cells using a microscope to make a firm identification C. you use multiple biochemical tests and pre-existing knowledge to classify the bacteria
gel electrophoresis
separates DNA samples by size and indicates different genotypes associated with a reduced ability to resist illness
pure
Before attempting to identify an unknown bacterial species, the organism must be isolated in a/an ________ culture.
F
Bergey's Manual is an excellent resource for identification of fungi and viruses as well as bacteria. (T/F)
B
Bergey's Manual of determinative bacteriology first categorize bacteria based upon which of the following characteristics? CATA A. Presence of certain enzymes B. Gram stain reaction C. Cell shape D. Fermentation abilities
F
Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology contains information related to the identification of only pathogenic bacteria. T/F
A
Choose the best medium for performing antibiotic susceptibility test: A. Chocolate agar B. Mueller Hinton agar C. Sabouraud Dextrose agar D. Nutrient agar
T
Multiple bacterial species can have similar staining reactions and microscopic morphology. (T/F)
B
RNA polymerase is a? A. nitrogenous base B. enzyme C. nucleotide D. nucleic acid