LAB VALUES - SLICER 1230
Createnine (Renal - it measures a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism)
.50-1.2 = normal if > 1.2 = could cause medication toxification and it shows how well/poor kidney function
Morse Scale
0-24 = normal
PR Interval: QRS?
0.12-2.0 (If > 2.0 heart block (it is how long sec it takes for atrium to depolarize)(GOOD WEB: https://www.nurseslearning.com/courses/nrp/nrp1619/section%203/index.htm) 0.4-1.2
UA - Specific Gravity
1.001-1.030 = normal < 1.001 = diluted urine (excess fluid) > 1.030 = concentrated urine (dehydrated)
Mg (magnesium - electrolytes)
1.6-2.4 = normal, if out of normal range, often associated with Torsades (unique type of ventricular tachycardia)
AST & ALT (liver enzymes)
10-40 = normal, if out of range it indicates liver damage
HGB is # of RBC in blood
11-15 = normal If < 11 = bleeding (if <8 = blood transfusion)
PT is the measure of the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of the blood to clot. (coags)
11-16 (sec) = normal
Lipase (pancreatic enzymes)
13-60 = normal
Na (sodium - electrolytes)
135-145 = normal If < 13.5 = vomit, diarrhea, dizzy, fatigue and if too low it could alter the mental state
IV - Pink - Blue _ Yellow - Green _ Grey _ Orange
14G - Orange 16 - Grey 18 - Green 20 - Pink 22 - Blue 24 - Yellow
Braden Scale (Skin)
15-20 = normal
PLATELETS (coags)
150-450 (thousands) = normal If < 50 = hold coagulant medications
INR is how much longer it takes the blood to clot when oral anticoagulation is used. (coags)
2-3 (times longer) = normal If < 2 we give anticoagulant (blood thick) If > 3 we are holding anticoagulant (blood thin)
HCO3 (ABG)
22- 26 = normal
PTT is how quickly a blood clot forms (coags)
25-35 (sec) = normal
Amylase (Pancreatic enzymes)
28-100 = normal
GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale). Three measuers:
3-15 (3 worse - 15 best) < 8 = intubate. Eyes/Verbal/Motor
Albumin
3.5-5 (If low, nutrient defficient)
K (potassium - electrolytes)
3.5-5 = normal, if out for normal range, it could cause tachycardia/bradycardia due to electric imbalance
CO2 (ABG)
35-45 = normal
HCT is % of RBC
36-48 (usually 3X the HGB) = normal
WBC
4-10 (thousands) = normal If < 4 = HIV, Cancer or immune disorder If > 10 = Infection
RBC
4-6 = normal If < 4 = anemia, hemorrhage
UA - pH
5-8 = normal
pH (ABG)
7.35-7.45 = normal If < 7.35 = acidic if > 7.45 = alkaline
BUN (Renal - it measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the waste product urea.
8-23 - if out of the normal range, it indicates issues with the kidneys
Ca (calcium - electrolytes)
8.8-10 = normal, if out of normal range, it can be associated with AFIB
O2 (ABG)
80-100 = normal
BNP (cardiac) - brain natriuretic peptide test measures the amount of the BNP hormone in the blood
< 500 = normal > 500 = look for fluid issue (dyspnea, edema, low O2 sat and increased RR)
TROPONIN (Cardiac) - regulatory proteins that is integral to cardiac muscle contraction,
<0.01 = normal, checked every 4-6 hours If > 0.01 than is a sign of disorder ( Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the enzyme is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.)
GFR (Renal - glomerular filtration rate) - it measures the level of kidney function and determine the stage of kidney disease.
> 90 = normal < 60 = Chronic Renal Disease or CRD < 15 = Acute Renal Failure or ARF (pt. needs dialysis)
D-Dimer
A normal D-dimer result (< or =250 ng/mL DDU; < or =0.50 mcg/mL FEU) has a negative predictive value of approximately 95% for the exclusion of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis when there is low or moderate pretest PE probability.
Beta Blockers
LOLs. Decrease cardiac overload, and increase cardiac efficiency. Decreases blood pressure
S&S Syncope?
Lightheadedness. Feeling warm. Blurred vision. Sweating. Heaviness in your legs. Confusion. Yawning. Nausea and sometimes vomiting
ESR
Normal range is 0-22 man, 0-29 women
Calcium Channel Blockers?
PINEs: these drugs act on SA nodes and slow it down. They relax blood vessels and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while also reducing the heart's workload.
Ace Inhibitors:
PRILs. Relaxes the vessels (vasodialate) and increases a blood flow therefore lowers the blood pressure. Also used for heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and prophylaxis of cardiovascular events
RN should be cautious when giving Ace Inhibitors when?
Patients on diuretics, peripheral vascular disease, renal impairment, aortic stenosis, angio-edema, breastfeeding.
Signs of GI Bleed/Hypovelemia: Symptoms of GI Bleed/Hypovolemia? What lab work do we order?
SIGNS: Abdominal pain, blood in the stool, black, tarry stool (melena), blood in the urine, vaginal bleeding (heavy, usually outside of normal menstruation), vomiting blood, chest pain, abdominal swelling SYMPTOMS: anxiety, blue lips and fingernails, low or no urine output, profuse sweating, shallow breathing, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion, chest pain, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, weak pulse BUN, Createnine, H&H, Measure BP
Pressure ulcers:
Stage 1: <2 Stage 2: <4 Stage 3:<6 Stage 4:<8
