Last quiz

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet. a. low-protein and high-fiber b. high-protein and high-carbohydrate c. high-sodium d. unrestricted

a

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include a. tremor. b. cold intolerance. c. lethargy. d. weight gain.

a

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that a. results from inadequate ADH secretion. b. is characterized by oliguria. c. is associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. d. leads to glycosuria.

a

Surgical removal of a gland may result in a. hypersecretion. b. hyposecretion. c. hyporesponsiveness. d. tissue resistance.

b

The formation of active vitamin D a. occurs in the skin. b. is impaired in renal failure. c. is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D. d. is necessary for normal potassium metabolism.

b

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from a. decreased myoinositol transport. b. elevated HbA1c. c. deficient neuronal insulin receptors. d. neuronal demyelination.

a

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of a. respiratory alkalosis. b. respiratory acidosis. c. metabolic acidosis. d. metabolic alkalosis.

a

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults a. results in the condition of acromegaly. b. leads to abnormally tall stature. c. is associated with hypoglycemia. d. is usually asymptomatic.

a

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with a. hypothyroidism. b. hyperthermia. c. acute cortisol insufficiency. d. pheochromocytoma.

a

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells. a. fat b. bile c. acetaminophen d. ferritin

a

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes. a. less than 180 b. more than 180 c. 70 d. 130

a

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis. a. hemolysis b. metabolism c. fibrosis d. canalicular bilirubin transport

a

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is a. pancreatic β-cell destruction. b. insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. c. lack of exercise and chronic overeating. d. impaired glucose transport into cells.

b

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually? a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis B c. Hepatitis C d. Hepatitis E

b

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency? a. No change in serum glucocorticoid level b. An increase in serum glucocorticoid level c. A decrease in serum glucose level d. An increase in serum ACTH level

a

The therapies that would be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus include (Select all that apply.) a. carbohydrate counting. b. high-protein diet. c. daily exercise. d. insulin. e. oral hypoglycemic agents.

a,c,d

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is a. hypovolemia. b. hyponatremia. c. decreased osmolality. d. dehydration.

b

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is a. hypokalemia. b. hypoglycemia. c. hypertension. d. moon face.

b

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of a. glucose. b. octreotide acetate. c. anticoagulants. d. proton pump inhibitors.

b

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a. hepatitis D. b. autoimmune hepatitis. c. hepatitis A. d. hepatitis B.

b

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus. a. 7 million b. 29.1 million c. 366 million d. 176 billion

b

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of a. viral hepatitis. b. alcohol-induced injury. c. cirrhosis. d. acetaminophen toxicity.

b

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis? a. Deficient protease inhibitor b. Elevated ferritin c. Elevated urine copper d. Positive antinuclear antibody

b

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver. a. Kayser-Fleischer b. Wilson c. Reye d. Byler

b

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. a. Aging b. Obesity c. Sedentary lifestyle d. Cardiovascular disease

b

Which are complications of diabetes mellitus that are microvascular? (Select all that apply.) a. Cardiovascular disease b. Retinopathy c. Nephropathy d. Neuropathy e. Stroke

b,c

Which are hormones that increase serum glucose level? (Select all that apply.) a. Vasopressin b. Glucagon c. Growth hormone d. Catecholamine e. Corticosteroid

b,c,d,e

Which are major classifications of deficiencies in growth hormone secretion? (Select all that apply.) a. Increased IGF-1 b. Decreased GH secretion c. Defective GH action d. Decreased IGG secretion e. Defective IGF-1 generation

b,c,e

Which insulin types are most commonly used in the rapid-acting category? (Select all that apply.) a. NPH b. Aspart c. Glargine d. Lispro e. Regular

b,d

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to a. achieve full recovery after treatment. b. need short-term thyroid replacement therapy. c. need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy. d. receive lifelong iodine treatment.

c

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy. b. hepatic meningitis. c. kernicterus. d. encephalitis.

c

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. hepatitis vaccine. b. feces. c. blood or semen. d. contaminated food.

c

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in a. increased active transport of glucose into the cell. b. glycogen breakdown within target cells. c. increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose. d. gluconeogenesis.

c

Jaundice is a common manifestation of a. malabsorption syndromes. b. anemia. c. liver disease. d. cholecystitis.

c

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called a. glycolysis. b. glycogenesis. c. glycogenolysis. d. gluconeogenesis.

c

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is a. hyperpigmentation. b. hypotension. c. hyperglycemia. d. hyperkalemia.

c

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus? a. Blood glucose levels b. Urine glucose levels c. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) d. Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

c

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism a. are similar to those occurring with hypermagnesemia. b. result from decreased neuromuscular excitability. c. are similar to those occurring with hypokalemia. d. result from decreased serum ionized calcium.

d

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from a. cortisol excess. b. testosterone-secreting tumor. c. exogenous androgens. d. blocked cortisol production.

d

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is a. ascites. b. cerebral edema. c. hepatic encephalopathy. d. gastroesophageal varices.

d

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B. a. recovered from b. immunity to c. chronic active d. acute

d

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with a. an increased indirect serum bilirubin. b. hemolytic reactions. c. Gilbert syndrome. d. hepatitis.

d

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat a. varices. b. encephalopathy. c. peritonitis. d. cerebral edema.

d

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by a. homeostasis. b. osteoclasts. c. reabsorption. d. osteoblasts.

d

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States. a. first b. second c. fourth d. seventh

d

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. hyperbilirubinemia. b. hyperuricemia. c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. d. increased blood ammonia levels.

d

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones a. is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor. b. occurs in perifollicular C cells. c. is stimulated by ACTH. d. is inhibited by iodine deficiency.

d

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to a. elevated bilirubin. b. diminished protein metabolism. c. fluid accumulation. d. portal hypertension.

d

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it a. destroys thyroid gland cells. b. inhibits the release of TSH. c. suppresses production of autoantibodies. d. inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.

d

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress? a. More prone to hyperglycemia b. Decreased sensitivity to anesthesia c. More susceptible to hypertensive crisis d. More prone to hypotension

d

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of a. hyperparathyroidism. b. hypoparathyroidism. c. diabetes insipidus. d. SIADH.

b

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is a. goiter. b. pheochromocytoma. c. Conn syndrome. d. Cushing disease.

b

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to a. decreased serum osmolality. b. dehydration. c. hypervolemia. d. hyponatremia.

b

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display a. low birth length and weight. b. normal birth length and weight. c. high birth length and weight. d. normal length and low weight.

b

It is true that Graves disease is a. a secondary endocrine disorder. b. associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors. c. characterized by high serum TSH levels. d. untreatable.

b

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is a. acetone breath. b. warm, dry skin. c. tremors. d. hyperventilation.

c

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is a. hypernatremia. b. hyperkalemia. c. hypokalemia. d. hyperglycemia.

c

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of a. Addison disease. b. Cushing syndrome. c. myxedema. d. Graves disease.

d

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation. a. progesterone b. corticoglobulin c. ACTH d. angiotensin II

d

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is a. pancreatic β-cell destruction. b. lack of insulin receptors. c. lack of exercise and chronic overeating. d. impaired glucose transport into cells.

a

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with a. nonketotic hyperosmolality. b. childhood. c. autoimmune destruction of the pancreas. d. ketoacidosis.

a

Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.) a. Polyuria b. Polydipsia c. Polyphagia d. Obesity e. Weight gain

a,b,c

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as a. cretinism. b. myxedema. c. goiter. d. colloidosis.

c

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is a. NPH. b. Semilente. c. regular. d. Ultralente.

c

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases a. sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney. b. potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the kidney. c. water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney. d. urinary output.

c