latin american history chapter 4

French revolutionaries rebelled under what slogan?

"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"

What ideas did Father Jose ... promote?

-slavery -caste system -indigenous people (tax)

Prior to the invasion, where did they go?

Rio de Janeiro

What two goods..during colonial period?

Sugar and Silver

Peninsular

a Spaniard resident in the New World during the Independence period. The conflict between Peninsulars and native-born Creoles became important at that time.

postcolonialism

the lingering effect of previous colonization on nations that have gained their formal independence. In Latin America, the language, laws, religion, and social norms implanted by Spanish and Portuguese colonizers carried over almost entirely between 1825 and 1850, making the new, politically independent countries postcolonial in cultural terms. See neocolonialism.

Americanos

the nativist term used during the wars of independence to suggest a natural alliance among all people born in America against the Spaniards and Portuguese.

The idea of "popular sovereignty" means

the people have a right to choose their government through a written constitution.

Napoleon invaded Portugal because...

they didn't attack Britain

Upon regaining the Spanish throne, Fernando VII immediately:

threw out the liberal Constitution of Cadiz.

True or False: The French Revolution/ Napoleonic Wars created an opportunity for independence in Latin America

true

The Peninsulares of New Spain stoked Creole anger in 1808 by doing what?

unseating the viceroy who had called a representative assembly to rule in the king's stead

The first effort to form a Venezuelan republic faltered because:

urban Creoles met with resistance from the cowboys of the central plains.

The term "Creoles" referred to which group of people?

whites of Spanish descent born in the Americas

What happened to Father Hidalgo after he was captured by the Spanish?

Forced to repent and then executed

Name 2 countries .... Bolivar

Bolivia and Peru (Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Panamá, Ecuador, Colombia)?

How many people fled...?

10,000 people

José de San Martín led an anti-colonial army from:

Argentina and Chile.

When was the ... caste system recorded?

Baptists

In colonial fringe areas like Venezuela, who initiated the movement toward independence?

Creole elites

Those independence leaders who used the rallying cry of "Americanos!" were:

Creole elites hoping unify the population under their leadership, without disrupting the social hierarchy.

Those who were said to be "taking off the mask of Fernando" were:

Creoles declaring independence after swearing loyalty to the king.

What two countries...did not... independence...1900s?

Cuba and Puerto Rico

Which of the following remained under Spanish control after 1824?

Cuba and Puerto Rico

What did Napoleon do to the King of Spain? What was his name?

Imprisoned; Carlos

Who did the Spanish ... for Latin America in the late 1700s?

Jesuits

Discontent emerged in Brazil over what controversial decision?

João's decision to legally restrict the slave trade

Rio de la Plata...what 2 good?

Leather and Silver

Frances Calderón de la Barca called which city "one of the noblest-looking cities in the world"?

Mexico City

What region of Brazil saw the colony's first liberal rebellion?

Pernambuco

The Church was very powerful during the Colombian period, name one thing they didn't ...?

Time (bells), education, etc

Why did Peruvian Creoles resist revolting against European control?

The silver economy resulted in a larger proportion of Peninsulares to Creoles in Peru, making rebellion impractical.

What image/symbol did Father Hidalgo use to gain ... ?

Virgin of Guadalupe

Creole

a person of Spanish descent born in the New World. Brazilians of Portuguese descent tended to be called simply brasileiros. See also Peninsular.

nativism

a political attitude pitting all those of native birth against those born elsewhere. Nativist attitudes, promoted by the patriots during the independence wars, were part of the early development of nationalism. Nativism can also be an attitude of prejudice against poor immigrants, as in Argentine and U.S. history.

legitimacy

a quality of governments generally recognized as proper and legal by those whom they rule.

Which of the following actions by King Carlos IV had bankrupted the Crown in the 1700s?

a series of costly wars, including a conflict with England

In Latin American independence movements, "Nativism" was:

an idea of American identity based on birthplace, unifying Creoles and others born in the Americas.

Father Miguel Hidalgo shaped Latin American history by:

bringing poor, rural Mexicans into a rebellion against Peninsular Spanish.

When Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807, the royal family:

fled to Rio de Janeiro, where it reestablished the royal court.

Agustín I did not last as the monarch of Mexico because:

he lacked the mystique of a hereditary royal, and had no greater claim to rule than any other Creole.

After João declared Brazil an equal kingdom with Portugal, the Portuguese assembly:

insisted that Brazil be returned to its colonial status.

Spanish Americans did not wish to support the Central Junta because:

it was chosen entirely by Spanish provinces, without input from the Americas.

Vicente Guerrero was:

mestizo leader who commanded Father Morelos's remaining followers.

Father José María Morelos was:

mestizo leader who demanded an end to slavery and the caste system.

Juana Azurduy became well-known because:

she led a cavalry charge and captured an enemy flag in Bolivia.

One foreign visitor to Chile declared Valparaíso to be

so filled with British merchants that it was like a coastal town in Britain.

Spanish Americans declared loyalty to the King, but argued:

that the Americas were equal kingdoms of Spain, not colonies.

The Battle of Ayacucho marked:

the capture of the last Spanish viceroy in America by Bolívar.