Launchpad week 2

A bacterial cell, a plant cell, and an animal cell have which of the following structures in common?

cytoplasm

The random movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration is referred to as:

diffusion

The interior region of a phospholipid bilayer is characterized as:

hydrophobic

Which of the following molecules does NOT easily diffuse across a plasma membrane? gases both small and large polar molecules large polar molecules small polar molecules

large polar molecules

Which eukaryotic organelle is associated with the breakdown of macromolecules?

lysosome

Which one of the following is NOT a component of an animal cell's plasma membrane? nucleic acid protein carbohydrate lipid

nucleic acid

A protein that is temporarily associated with a biological membrane is a(n):

peripheral membrane protein

The lipid components of cellular membranes often include:

phospholipids and cholesterol

Why does active transport require ATP?

An input of energy is needed to allow the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration

How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another?

Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do.

During osmosis, water moves from a region of _____ to a region of _____. high solute concentration; low solute concentration Both "high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration" AND "low solute concentration; high solute concentration" are correct answers. high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration low solute concentration; high solute concentration

Both "high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration" AND "low solute concentration; high solute concentration" are correct answers

Which one of the following molecules would MOST likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane of a red blood cell?

C6H12O6

The beaker in the illustration below contains two solutions of salt with different concentrations (measured by molarity, M). The two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. Which of the following will you observe immediately in this container? Diffusion of salt across the membrane, but not of water. Net diffusion of salt from B to A, but no net diffusion of water. Net diffusion of water from B to A and of salt from A to B. Net diffusion of water from A to B and of salt from B to A. Net diffusion of water across the membrane, but not of salt. No net diffusion of water or salt across the membrane.

Net diffusion of water from A to B and of salt from B to A.

The beaker in the illustration below contains two solutions of salt with different concentrations (measured by molarity, M). The two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. Which of the following will you observe after a long time has passed? Net diffusion of salt across the membrane, but not of water. Net diffusion of water from B to A and of salt from A to B. Net diffusion of water from A to B and of salt from B to A. No net diffusion of water or salt across the membrane. Net diffusion of salt from B to A, but no net diffusion of water. Net diffusion of water across the membrane, but not of salt.

No net diffusion of water or salt across the membrane

A beaker contains two solutions of salt dissolved in water. The two solutions have different concentrations (measured by molarity, M) and are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Side A is hypertonic relative to side B. Side A is isotonic relative to side B. Side A is hypotonic relative to side B.

Side A is hypotonic relative to side B

Why does a phospholipid on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane rarely flip to the extracellular side if both environments are polar?

The polar head group cannot pass through the nonpolar interior.

A beaker contains two solutions of salt dissolved in water. The two solutions have different concentrations (measured by molarity, M) and are separated by a membrane that is permeable to salt. Which of the following statements is TRUE? There will be a net movement of salt from side B to side A There will be a net movement of salt from side A to side B There will be no net movement of salt

There will be a net movement of salt from side B to side A

If cells had single-layer membranes like micelles, how would the structures of transmembrane proteins be affected?

Transmembrane proteins would possess a hydrophobic region in the cell interior and a hydrophilic region in the extracellular space

The plasma membranes of some plant cells use transport proteins to move protons out of the cell against their concentration gradient (from areas of low proton concentration to areas of high proton concentration). This is an example of:

active transport

All cells have:

genetic information

Some plant cells take advantage of the high concentration of protons outside the cell to move solutes, such as sucrose, across the plasma membrane into the cell where the sucrose concentration is already relatively high. This type of transport is an example of:

secondary active transport

Which of the following eukaryotic cell structures plays a role in protein trafficking and sorting? mitochondria the endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes the Golgi apparatus vacuoles

the golgi apparatus

Phospholipase is an enzyme that cleaves the phosphate head group off a phospholipid molecule. The plasma membrane is not, however, permeable to the enzyme. Imagine a cell where phospholipid A is present in the layer of phospholipids facing the exterior of the cell, and phospholipid B is present in the layer of phospholipids facing the interior of the cell. After adding phospholipase to the medium in which the cell is growing, what would you expect to find in the fluid surrounding the cell?

the phosphate head group from phospholipid A only