Leadership Chapter 8, Leadership Ch. 9, Chapter 7 Leadership
Messages transmitted through actions, behavior, facial expressions, and tone of voice are referred to as _____ communication. Question options: a) nonverbal b) leader-centered c) follower-centered d) redundant
A
One way to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential is to: Question options: a) increase skill variety. b) use reward and punishment. c) use the carrot-and-stick method of motivation. d) focus on an employee's "lower" needs.
A
A(n) _____ is often an effective follower who has experienced setbacks and obstacles, perhaps promises broken by superiors. Question options: a) alienated follower b) conformist c) pragmatic survivor d) active follower
A.
Leaders value those people who: Question options: a) show initiative. b) think uncritically. c) do not take responsibility when something needs to be done. d) focus exclusively on the shortcomings of an organization.
A.
To practice the art of persuasion, leaders should: Question options: a) dictate their terms to followers. b) build goals on common ground. c) be inflexible with respect to goals and plans. d) rely on facts and figures alone.
B
What is a benefit of using candor? Question options: a) Focuses on judgements b) Limits misunderstandings c) Places responsibility on the correct person d) Increases the need for meetings
B
Which of the following supports the trend toward openness and transparency? Question options: a) Storytelling b) Social media c) Leaders as information processors d) Meetings between leaders and followers
B
Without _____, leaders can miss important signals that something is going wrong. Question options: a) filters b) fear tactics c) feedback d) noise
C
Bonuses and praise are examples of the _____ approach to motivate people. Question options: a) intrinsic negative b) intrinsic positive c) extrinsic negative d) extrinsic positive
D
Davis is the CEO of a retailer that just had its customer database hacked. The news media has already announced the theft of customer data. What should Davis do? Question options: a) Isolate himself until the problem has been fixed. b) Spread rumors about the group that took the data. c) Deny that the data theft occurred. d) Be visible and respond to public concerns.
D
E-mail should be used for: Question options: a) communicating with colleagues sitting across the hall. b) starting a feud. c) writing potentially sensitive material. d) preparing a group of people for a meeting.
D
Open communication runs according to the traditional flow of selective information downward from supervisors to the subordinates. Question options: True False
F
Employee motivation rarely affects productivity. T/F
False
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, the most basic human needs are: Question options: a) esteem needs. b) affiliation needs. c) physiological needs. d) safety needs.
C
Immediate praise for an employee who arrives on time increases the likelihood of punctuality. This is an example of _____. Question options: a) extinction b) punishment c) positive reinforcement d) expectancy
C
In most organizations, there are some issues that are characterized by strong emotions and extreme uncertainty and that can't be resolved by resorting to facts and logic. These issues are referred to as _____. Question options: a) grapevine b) rumors c) hot topics d) noise
C
Routine messages typically concern issues: Question options: a) of change, conflict, or complexity. b) that are characterized by time pressure and surprise. c) that people already understand and agree on. d) that have great potential for misunderstanding.
C
The most important part of a leader's job in a crisis is to: Question options: a) use social media. b) use management by wandering around. c) stay calm. d) be an information processor.
C
What is the foundation of sensegiving? Question options: a) Dialogue b) Candor c) Storytelling d) Channel selection
C
Which of the following actions is an example of positive reinforcement? Question options: a) Withholding praise b) Reprimanding an employee c) Recommending a pay raise d) Avoiding negative statements
C
A discussion results in: Question options: a) ratifying one's position. b) building common ground. c) fixing the big issues. d) emphasizing inquiry.
A
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the leader's role is to: Question options: a) use motivators to meet the higher-level needs of employees. b) provide only hygiene factors to employees. c) only remove dissatisfiers. d) use system-wide rewards.
A
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the highest need category is _____. Question options: a) self-actualization b) esteem c) belongingness d) safety
A
An open communication climate in an organization is essential because: Question options: a) it enables leaders to convey commitment to the organization's values. b) it protects information that shouldn't be shared. c) it is a reflection of the employees. d) a vision is accepted and understood immediately after it is communicated.
A
Electronic methods of communication: Question options: a) can increase the potential for communication errors. b) support the emotional well-being of employees. c) have slowed down the communication process. d) have increased instances of "human moments."
A
Face-to-face discussion: Question options: a) is the richest medium of communication. b) conveys only cues written on paper. c) is an impersonal method of communication. d) is slow to provide feedback.
A
In the communication process, the sender (such as a leader) initiates a communication by _____ a thought or an idea. Question options: a) encoding b) decoding c) filtering d) channeling
A
Intrinsic rewards: Question options: a) come from the satisfaction received by performing a particular action. b) are given by another person, typically a supervisor. c) include pay raises and promotions. d) appeal to the "lower" needs of individuals.
A
The richness of an information channel is influenced by the: Question options: a) ability to handle multiple cues simultaneously. b) ability to handle one-way feedback. c) quality of information transmitted during an episode. d) ability to establish an impersonal focus for communication.
A
Which of the following guidelines should be followed when sending an e-mail? Question options: a) Use the subject line to grab the reader's attention. b) Write elaborate and detailed e-mail messages. c) Write multiple e-mails to clear up confusion. d) Say anything negative about a boss, friend, or colleague via e-mail.
A
Which of the following is a result of employee empowerment? Question options: a) Greater self-efficacy b) Decreased job responsibility c) Better working conditions d) Greater extrinsic satisfaction
A
Which of the following is true of a leader as a communication champion? Question options: a) He or she uses rich channels of communication. b) He or she communicates facts and pieces of information. c) He or she is present at the center of information networks. d) He or she directs and controls an organization.
A
Leaders want followers to stay up to date, which includes: Question options: a) understanding their customers. b) collaborating. c) driving growth. d) uncritical thinking.
A.
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors include: Question options: a) recognition. b) interpersonal relationships. c) the work itself. d) personal growth.
B
According to the acquired needs theory, which of the following characteristics describe people who have a high need for affiliation? Question options: a) Passive and uncritical b) Successful "integrators" whose job is to coordinate the work of departments c) Tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative d) Successfully attain the top levels in the organizational hierarchy
B
An example of nonverbal communication is: Question options: a) presenting an annual report. b) management by wandering around. c) writing a letter. d) broadcasting a job description.
B
Employee engagement means that people: Question options: a) are unable to share power. b) feel a sense of belonging to the organization. c) look for solutions to improve working conditions. d) are delegated authority.
B
Employees in companies that have a social mission are typically highly motivated because: Question options: a) they want to avoid punishments and negative consequences. b) they get intrinsic rewards. c) they are given monetary incentives. d) their lower needs are fulfilled.
B
Leaders can persuade others by: Question options: a) establishing credibility. b) building goals based on personal ambitions. c) relying on facts and figures alone. d) keeping noise out of the communication process.
B
Leaders communicate to: Question options: a) improve their presentation skills. b) inspire others to strive toward a vision. c) direct and control an organization. d) understand each individual's personal goal.
B
The result of a dialogue is marked by: Question options: a) opposition by individuals who advocate their positions and convince others. b) group unity, shared meaning, and transformed mindsets. c) talking more than listening. d) "beating down" opponents.
B
To communicate in a crisis, leaders should: Question options: a) avoid visibility among followers. b) convey a vision for the future. c) encourage rumors if they help the situation. d) instill a sense of uncertainty so that all possible avenues are explored.
B
Which of the following is an element that must be in place before employees can be truly empowered to perform their jobs effectively? Question options: a) Information about employees' salary b) Knowledge and skills c) A centralized organizational hierarchy d) A fixed chain of command
B
Which of the following is true of a leader who is a good listener? Question options: a) He or she listens for facts rather than central themes. b) He or she pays complete attention to the message. c) He or she concentrates on what to say next rather than on what is being said. d) He or she is quick to point out delivery errors.
B
_____ questioning helps leaders tap into the expertise and ideas of followers. Question options: a) Follower-centered b) Leader-centered c) Customer-centered d) Employee-centered
B
An alienated follower: Question options: a) is active in an organization. b) is passive, yet an independent thinker. c) does not try to avoid risk or conflict. d) does not utilize critical thinking skills.
B.
Dependent, uncritical thinkers: Question options: a) are aware of the significance of their actions. b) accept a leader's ideas without assessing them. c) contribute to the cultivation of an organization. d) weigh the impact of decisions on the company vision.
B.
A leader, as a(n) _____, uses communication to unite people around a common sense of purpose and identity. Question options: a) open communicator b) encoder c) communication champion d) change catalyst
C
According to the acquired needs theory, the need for power refers to the desire to: Question options: a) accomplish something difficult and attain a high standard for success. b) form close personal relationships and avoid conflict. c) influence or control others and have authority over others. d) master complex tasks and surpass others.
C
Conventional management approaches: Question options: a) appeal to an individual's "higher" needs. b) rely on intrinsic rewards to motivate subordinates. c) are based on controlling the behavior of people by manipulating their decisions. d) give subordinates more control over their work and the power to affect outcomes.
C
Empowerment refers to: Question options: a) the value of outcomes to the individual. b) satisfaction with work conditions. c) the delegation of authority to subordinates in the organization. d) incorporation of high-level motivators.
C
Fairmont Hotels & Resorts lets its best performing employees design their rewards. This is done to ensure that the rewards are valued by the employees and serve as further motivation. Fairmont Hotels & Resorts uses _____ theory to motivate its employees. Question options: a) equity b) job enlargement c) expectancy
C
How does a leader facilitate a strategic conversation? Question options: a) Persuading others to take action b) Selecting a location for the conversation c) Asking questions and actively listening to others d) Managing by walking around
C
Which of the following is a guideline for using e-mail effectively? Question options: a) Don't act like a newspaper reporter. b) Say negative things about a colleague using e-mail. c) Keep e-mail messages short and to the point. d) Use e-mail to start or perpetuate a feud.
C
Which of the following is an advantage of a channel lower in richness? Question options: a) Two-way communication b) Provides a record c) Faster feedback d) Spontaneity
C
Which of the following is true of extrinsic rewards? Question options: a) They are under the control of an individual. b) They come from solving problems to benefit others. c) They are given by another person, typically a supervisor. d) They appeal to the "higher" needs of individuals.
C
Which of the following is true of the equity theory of motivation? Question options: a) Motivation depends on individuals' mental expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards. b) Behavior that is not reinforced with positive attention and rewards will gradually disappear. c) People will believe they are treated fairly if they perceive their rewards as equal to what others receive for similar contributions. d) If the outcomes that are available from high effort and good performance are not valued by an employee, motivation will be low.
C
Which of the following primarily affects employee engagement? Question options: a) The behavior of coworkers b) The behavior of unions c) The behavior of leaders d) The behavior of customers
C
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the need for fringe benefits is an example of _____ needs. Question options: a) esteem b) belongingness c) self-actualization d) safety
D
In the communication process, the _____ is the tangible formulation of the thought or idea sent to the receiver. Question options: a) feedback b) channel c) noise d) message
D
Nonroutine messages: Question options: a) convey data or statistics. b) are simple and straightforward. c) can be efficiently communicated through a channel lower in richness. d) are often characterized by time pressure and surprise.
D
Organizations can motivate employees by creating an organizational environment that: Question options: a) is similar to the organization's competitors. b) improves the infrastructure. c) provides a horizontal organizational structure. d) helps them find true value in their work.
D
The basic assumption underlying behavior modification is the _____. Question options: a) law of initial values b) all-or-none law c) matching law d) law of effect
D
The traditional role of a manager is that of a(n): Question options: a) encoder. b) sensegiver. c) communication champion. d) information processor.
D
Which of the following is a form of social media? Question options: a) Newspapers b) Telegrams c) Magazines d) Blogs
D
Which of the following statements is true of the carrot-and-stick approach to motivation? Question options: a) It focuses on long-term goals. b) It enables each person's success to be mutually enjoyed. c) It creates a culture of competition due to the presence of intrinsic rewards. d) It tends to focus on lower needs.
D
Which of the following theories of motivation is associated with the work of Victor Vroom? Question options: a) Acquired needs theory b) Two-factor theory c) Hierarchy of needs theory d) Expectancy theory
D
Which of the following theories proposes that people are motivated to seek fair rewards for performance? Question options: a) Herzberg's two-factor theory b) Acquired needs theory c) Expectancy theory d) Equity theory
D
_____ is the element of the communication process that enables someone to determine whether the receiver correctly interpreted the message. Question options: a) Channel b) Signal c) Noise d) Feedback
D
_____ is the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future. Question options: a) Punishment b) Negative reinforcement c) Positive reinforcement d) Extinction
D
_____ refers to a motivational approach that incorporates high-level motivators into the work. Question options: a) Job satisfaction b) Gainsharing c) Profit sharing d) Job enrichment
D
Managing up involves: Question options: a) giving advice on handling specific organizational situations and dealing with organizational politics. b) directing and controlling behavior and judging individual performance. c) telling a person exactly what needs to be done. d) consciously developing a mutually respectful relationship with one's direct superiors.
D.
"Management by wandering around" means that employees speak to leaders only through electronic channels of communication. Question options: True False
F
A discussion's focus is to reveal feelings and build common ground, with the emphasis on inquiry rather than advocacy. Question options: True False
F
A leader should maintain low visibility during times of rapid change, uncertainty, or crisis. Question options: True False
F
In a crisis situation, a leader should refrain from absorbing people's fears and uncertainties. Question options: True False
F
Written communication is the highest in channel richness because it permits immediate feedback. Question options: True False
F
A passive follower exhibits critical, independent thinking and displays initiative and a sense of responsibility. Question options: True False
False
An alienated follower is an independent, critical thinker who is active in an organization. Question options: True False
False
Effective followers have to know what they stand for and be willing to express their own ideas to their leaders even though this might mean risking their jobs. Question options: True False
False
Effective leaders see feedback as something to dread or fear and not as a route to improvement and development. Question options: True False
False
Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance. T/F
False
Hygiene factors fulfill high-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth. T/F
False
It is the behavior of coworkers that makes the biggest difference in whether people feel engaged at work. T/F
False
Job enrichment is a program that links at least a portion of employees' pay on the amount of skills they possess. T/F
False
Leaders should wait for an annual review to let employees know how they're doing or how they can improve. Question options: True False
False
Leadership coaching involves telling followers what to do, directing and controlling their behavior, and judging their performance. Question options: True False
False
Leadership is the sole basis for the success of an organization. Question options: True False
False
One of the tactics for followers to manage up is to be a resource for the leader. Question options: True False
False
When workers are not motivated to achieve organizational goals, the fault is often with the workers themselves. T/F
False
Leaders communicate to inspire and motivate people to strive toward a vision. Question options: True False
T
Leaders should select a communication channel to fit their message. Question options: True False
T
Persuasion is a valuable communication process that individuals can use to lead others to a shared solution or commitment. Question options: True False
T
A fully engaged employee is one who cares deeply about the organization and actively seeks to serve the mission. T/F
True
Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in the organization. T/F
True
Five elements must be in place before employees can be empowered to perform their jobs: information, knowledge, discretion, meaning, and rewards. T/F
True
It is a leader's job to clearly communicate where a group or organization is going and why. Question options: True False
True
People with a high need for achievement tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative. T/F
True
The key elements of the communication process include encoding, transmitting the message through a channel, decoding, and feedback. Question options: True False
True
To effectively manage up requires understanding what leaders want and need. Question options: True False
True
