Leadership

Identify a true statement about goal setting

Follower participation in goal setting often leads to higher levels of commitment and performance if the leader is perceived to be incompetent

Leaders who score low in conscientiousness tend to be more spontaneous, creative, and impulsive.

True

The strength of the relationship between personality traits and leadership effectiveness is often inversely related to the relative strength of the situation

True

Simone, a senior sales manager at ReadMe Inc., cares about developing the skills of her teammates and works beside them as a role model. In the context of the five fundamental archetypes of leadership, she most likely belongs to the

Teacher-Mentor archetype

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, the dimension of neuroticism is most likely

concerned with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism

According to Zemke's four generations of workers, the Millennials

doubt the wisdom of traditional racial and sexual categorizing

Rule-based thinking, known as utilitarianism in philosophy, is premised on the idea that right and wrong are best determined by considering the consequences or results of an action

false

Social contact is better satisfied by organizations than by groups

false

Studies indicate that perception is basically a passive activity suggesting that everyone attends to all aspects of a situation equally

false

Subordinates can usually tell whether or not they are doing a good job even without feedback

false

Task-oriented behavior is never adequate for accomplishing long-term objectives.

false

Tests of divergent thinking usually have a single best answer, whereas tests of convergent thinking have many possible answers.

false

To maximize the impact of feedback, people should provide feedback to large groups instead of specific individuals

false

When providing evaluative feedback, it is inappropriate and ineffective to compare a subordinate's behavior with the behavior of peers or co-workers

false

With in-basket exercises, participants are given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, letters, and phone messages from an actual manager's inbox

false

A leadership skill consists of three components: a well-defined body of knowledge, a set of related behaviors, and clear criteria of competent performance

true

A symptom of groupthink is an illusion of invulnerability, which leads to unwarranted optimism and excessive risk taking by a group

true

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, the reverence web provides a bridge for leaders to understand, embrace, and practice global citizenship and multiculturalism.

true

According to Peterson and Hicks, good coaches orchestrate rather than dictate development

true

According to the dual-process theory, moral judgments dealing primarily with "rights" and "duties" are made by automatic emotional responses

true

An issue related to impressions and evaluative feedback concerns the distinction between job-related feedback and more personal or discretionary feedback

true

An outsider to a group often is able to learn more about norms than is an insider

true

Executive presence is, in general, concerned with a person's ability to radiate confidence, poise, and authority

true

Forging a partnership is the first step in informal coaching

true

Giving constructive feedback involves sharing information or perceptions with another about the nature, quality, or impact of that person's behavior

true

Highly cohesive groups are likely to be characterized by low absenteeism and low turnover.

true

In the context of effective delegation, the first step leaders should take when deciding what to delegate is to identify all their present activities

true

Instrumental values refer to modes of behavior, and terminal values refer to desired end states

true

Leaders and followers use development plans as road maps for changing their own behaviors

true

Leaders often avoid delegation when a task is a desirable one that could generate power or prestige.

true

Leaders tend to have higher extraversion scores than nonleaders.

true

Leaders ultimately must be judged on the basis of a framework of values, not just in terms of their effectiveness

true

Leaders who can empathize and get along with others are often more successful than those who cannot.

true

Leadership behaviors are a function of intelligence, personality traits, emotional intelligence, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, and experience

true

Managers with Theory X orientation rely heavily on coercive, external control methods to motivate workers, such as pay, disciplinary techniques, punishments, and threats

true

Norms can be imported from an organization existing outside a team

true

Organizational goals are most likely to be achieved if there is commitment at both the top and the bottom of the organization

true

Research on 360-degree feedback shows that those individuals who work for superiors receiving above-average ratings from others were more likely to receive above-average ratings themselves

true

Researchers at the University of Michigan considered job-centered and employee-centered behaviors to be at opposite ends of a single continuum of leadership behavior

true

Setting easy goals rarely leads to high levels of performance

true

Smart but inexperienced leaders tend to be more effective in stressful situations than less intelligent, experienced leaders.

true

Some supervisors hesitate to use positive feedback because they believe subordinates may see it as politically manipulative, ingratiating, or insincere

true

Stress is often defined as the result of conflicts with superiors or the apprehension associated with performance evaluation.

true

Technology-based approaches to leader development, such as video games and virtual reality simulations, require speedy thought and action

true

The Forer effect occurs when people give high accuracy ratings to descriptive statements that are personally flattering but so vague that they could apply to virtually anyone.

true

The LBDQ-XII assesses behaviors such as being able to tolerate uncertainty and acting as a representative for a group

true

The Leadership Pipeline provides a useful framework for thinking about how leadership competencies change as people are promoted through organizations

true

The context and style of leaders' behavior are also factors that affect their ability to build teams and get results through others

true

The most productive way to develop as a leader is to travel along the spiral of experience

true

The study of authentic leadership has gained considerable momentum in the last decade because of the belief that enhancing self-awareness can help people in organizations find more meaning and connection at work

true

The times when people most need to break out of the mold created by past learning patterns are the times when they are most unwilling to do so.

true

Useful information about a leader's strengths and development needs is most likely provided by 360-degree feedback

true

Walker and Smither reported that managers who shared their 360-degree feedback results with their followers and worked on an action plan to improve their ratings had a dramatic improvement in others' ratings over a five-year period.

true

With respect to creative intelligence, perhaps the most important point leaders should remember is that their primary role is not so much to be creative themselves as to build an environment where others can be creative.

true

With role ambiguity, the problem is lack of clarity about just what the expectations are.

true

Ends-based thinking is often characterized as

"do what's best for the greatest number of people."

Which of the following statements about 360-degree feedback is most likely true

360-degree feedback should be built around a competency model

Which of the following statements best exemplifies effective delegation?

A leader must give subordinates the freedom to make certain kinds of mistakes

Identify a true statement about providing constructive feedback

An issue related to impressions and evaluative feedback concerns the distinction between job-related feedback and more discretionary feedback

Which statement about delegation is most likely false

Delegation is an overused management option that frustrates most followers

Analytic intelligence is much more concerned with knowledge and experience than is practical intelligence.

False

Behavioral manifestations of personality traits are often exhibited with conscious thought rather than automatically

False

Feeling leaders tend to analyze, criticize, and approach decisions impersonally and objectively.

False

Most EQ researchers agree that emotional intelligence cannot be developed

False

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, which of the following statements is most likely true about agreeableness?

It essentially concerns one's need for approval

Which of the following statements is true of informal coaching?

It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors

Which of the following statements is most likely true of delegation

Leaders may feel threatened when delegating an important task because it reduces direct personal control over the work

Which of the following statements about feedback is most likely false?

Research shows that subordinates believe their leaders give more feedback than their leaders think they do

Which of the following fundamental archetypes of leadership is most likely to take risks and action in a crisis?

The Warrior-Knight archetype

Which of the following concepts was most likely promoted by Boris Groysberg?

The difference between portable and nonportable skills

_____ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events they predict

The self-fulfilling prophecy

According to Zemke's four generations of workers, which of the following statements is most likely true of the Baby Boomers

They are concerned about creating a level playing field for all

Which of the following statements is true of managers with the Theory Y orientation

They reflect a view that most people are intrinsically motivated by their work

According to Zemke's four generations of workers, which of the following statements is most likely true of the Veterans

They represent a wealth of lore and wisdom

In the context of group roles, which of the following is an example of a dysfunctional role?

dominating

In _____, superiors, peers, and direct reports provide ratings on the extent to which target individuals demonstrate too much, just the right amount, or too little strategic, operations, enabling, or forcing leadership behavior for a particular position.

a leadership versatility approach

A store manager asks his employee to keep the outdated stocks of a product at the front of the shelf so that they can be sold. However, the employee is unwilling to mislead customers as this deception is inconsistent with the employee's values and beliefs. In this scenario, the employee is most likely to experience

a person-role conflict.

Leadership development is enhanced when an experience involves three processes, which are

action, observation, and reflection

According to the OCEAN model, individuals who appear as insensitive, socially clueless, pessimistic, cold, and grumpy are most likely to score low in

agreeableness

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend?

attribution

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too?

double-loop learning

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, leaders who score high in openness to experience tend to

be big-picture thinkers

Which of the following would least likely improve a leader's feedback skills?

being critical

According to Hogan and Warrenfelz, competencies concerned with analyzing issues, making decisions, and strategic thinking fall into the _____ category

business skills

In the context of group size, which of the following defines subgroups of individuals who often share the same goals, values, and expectations?

cliques

_____ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions.

case studies

In the context of the developmental stages of groups, which of the following is a characteristic of the norming stage?

clear emergence of a leader

Which of the following terms refers to how friendly and supportive a leader is toward subordinates?

consideration

Mobilization is best described as

engaging a critical mass to take action to achieve a specific outcome or set of outcomes

According to Peterson and Hicks, which of the following is the first step in informal coaching?

establishing a relationship based on trust

Which of the following is a possible solution for groupthink?

establishing an independent subgroup to make recommendations

Terrorists may call themselves "freedom fighters," and firing someone may be referred to as "letting him or her go." These are both examples of

euphemistic labeling

According to Goleman's conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EQ), the "change catalyst" attribute most likely corresponds to the _____ dimension of the OCEAN model

extraversion

A disadvantage of action learning is that it inherently involves time away from immediate job responsibilities

false

A study of 750 firms by Watson-Wyatt, a human resource consulting firm, reported that companies that used 360-degree feedback systems had a 10.6 percent increase in shareholder value

false

According to the Leadership Grid, 1,1 leaders are the most effective in workplaces

false

According to the Leadership Grid, authoritarian leaders are most likely to have a positive impact on their subordinates' job performance, organizational commitment, and intentions to stay

false

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, the Warrior-Knight archetype refers to a leader who challenges the status quo and guides adaptation

false

Advantageous comparison refers to the process of using cosmetic words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of otherwise morally repugnant or distasteful behavior

false

Baby Boomers came of age during the Great Depression and World War II

false

Being helpful, honest, and logical are examples of terminal values

false

Effective leaders tend to score high on neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness and low on conscientious and openness to experience.

false

Experience is just a matter of what events happen to you.

false

Framing is the leadership competency of developing relationships that allow people to work together in the community across their differences

false

Gen Xers tend to be more committed to a specific organization than to their vocation because they believe in job security

false

In mentoring, a mentor is the protégé's immediate supervisor and is necessarily a part of the organization

false

In the context of group size, leaders with a small span of control tend to be more directive, spend less time with individual subordinates, and use more impersonal approaches when influencing followers than do leaders with a large span of control

false

In the context of moral potency, moral ownership is best described as the fortitude to face risk and overcome fears associated with taking ethical action

false

In-group favoritism occurs when people overrate the quality of their work and their contributions to the groups and teams to which they belong

false

Leadership practitioners have a tendency to concentrate on coaching their solid or top followers

false

Organizations usually offer on-boarding programs to help internal candidates move into top managerial roles, which help them figure out how to operate at this leadership level

false

Research shows that followers are significantly happier when their leaders frequently delegate tasks

false

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief undergirds how one balances active participation in the events of one's life with alternating periods of observation, reflection, detachment, and rest?

flaneur

The leadership competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that result in effective action is known as

framing

Behaviors that are concerned with motivating subordinates to accomplish the task at hand are called _____ behaviors

goal emphasis

The sum of the forces that attract members to a group, provide resistance to leaving it, and motivate them to be active in it is called

group cohesion

An authentic leader will most likely

have a realistic self-perception

Community leaders are most likely to

have fewer resources than most other leaders

Leaders who score low in neuroticism tend to

hide their emotions

Which of the following terms refers to how much a leader emphasizes meeting work goals and accomplishing tasks?

initiating structure

In the context of group roles, which of the following occurs when someone receives inconsistent signals from several others about expected behavior?

intersender role conflict

A manager makes the following statement to a subordinate: "I need this report back in five minutes, and it better be perfect." Which term best describes this type of role conflict?

intrasender role conflict

According to Myers and Myers's basic preference dimensions in which people can differ, the thinking-feeling dimension

is concerned with the considerations leaders prefer when making decisions

The _____ states that if one simply works hard and achieves superior results, then good things will happen.

just world hypothesis

Which of the following best describes attribution of blame?

justifying immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions

Leaders with a large span of control tend to display more consideration and use more personal approaches when influencing followers.

leaders

Values are most likely

learned through the socialization process

It is most likely important to have specific goals for the purpose of

measuring progress

A personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor (usually someone two to four levels higher in an organization) acts as a guide, role model, and sponsor of a less experienced protégé is known as

mentoring

Which of the following terms is most likely defined as the ability to intentionally pay attention to the present moment while letting go of judgment?

mindfulness

In the context of moral potency, the belief or confidence in one's capability to mobilize various personal, interpersonal, and other external resources to persist despite moral adversity is referred to as

moral efficacy

In the context of the nature of groups, _____ are the informal rules groups adopt to regulate and regularize group members' behaviors.

norms

Unlike traditional training programs, action learning

often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges

In the context of group cohesion, which of the following occurs when illegal actions are taken by overly zealous and loyal subordinates who believe that what they are doing will please their leaders?

ollieism

Functional, interdependent roles that are focused on the performance of group tasks are characteristic of which stage of group development?

performing

When giving performance feedback privately to a subordinate, what should a leader most likely emphasize?

positive behaviors and results

The inefficiencies created by more and more people working together are called

process losses

Unlike leaders who score low in conscientiousness, those who score high in conscientiousness

rarely get into trouble

Molly, a member of a product development team, is most likely experiencing _____ if she wonders, "Just what am I supposed to be doing?"

role ambiguity

What should a coach most likely do to help a follower stick to a development plan

schedule regular reflection sessions

Kyra, a 16-year-old high school girl, is skeptical about her first day at a new school. She believes that nobody will talk to her and that her new teachers will be rude to her. She enters the class in a negative mood and speaks rudely to everyone. Eventually, she sees that her beliefs about the new school and teachers come true. Which of the following is most likely exemplified in this scenario?

self-fulfilling prophecy

In the context of group size, which of the following is a phenomenon in which working in the presence of others increases effort or productivity?

social facilitation

Which of the following is a term that refers to the phenomenon of reduced effort by people when they are not individually accountable for their work?

social loafing

In the context of the developmental stages of groups, which of the following stages is characterized by intragroup conflict, heightened emotional levels, and status differentiation?

storming

In the context of delegation, a common reason why a leader avoids delegating a task is that the

task is a source of power or prestige

Which of the following leadership questionnaires measured the extent to which leaders in industrial settings exhibited consideration and initiating structure behaviors?

the Supervisory Behavior Description Questionnaire (SBDQ)

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, creative intelligence is

the ability to produce work that is both novel and useful

Leadership behavior enacted by individuals who take action to maintain ethical standards in the face of questionable moral behaviors by higher-ups is referred to as

upward ethical leadership

Hall and Donnell reported findings of five separate studies involving over 12,000 managers that explored the relationship between managerial achievement and attitudes toward subordinates. Overall, they found that managers who strongly subscribed to Theory X beliefs

were highly likely to be in their lower-achieving group

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging are most likely the ones

who create a compelling vision