Lean Six Sigma
ToF: A non-value added activity is on that a customer is willing to pay for?
False
Process mapping is helpful in detecting:
Gaps in meeting customer requirements
A tool that helps turn a large, seemingly overwhelming amount of work into tasks that are doable, manageable, and measurable is called a... A WBS (Work Breakdown Structure). B SIPOC. C Project Charter. D SMART.
A
Is the following statement True or False? "When the null hypothesis, Ho, is rejected, a Type I error could be committed." A True B False
A
When referring to a c Chart, the "c" refers to which one of the following terms? A Count B Continuous Data C Standard Deviation D Sample Average
A
A measure of how consistently a measurement system measures the same event over time is called? A. Linearity B. Stability C. Bias D. Reproducible
B
A sample in statistics is... A the people selected from a designated country. B a portion of the population under study. C the people selected at random from the population of a designated city. D all the elements in a population.
B
If the measurement system is used for process improvement, or reducing part-to-part variation, which metric is most useful? A. % Tolerance (P/T ratio) B. Number of distinct categories C. % Study variation (P/TV ratio) D. Gauge linearity
C
The roadmap a team uses to manage and control resources, time and money to meet improvement objectives is the... A problem statement. B goal or AIM statement. C project charter. D business case.
C
A graph that works well with smaller data sets of ungrouped quantitative data is the... A Bar Chart. B Pareto Chart. C Pie Chart. D Dot Plot.
D
Lean manufacturing is most concerned with which one of the following?
Reducing waste
What is the subgroup size for X bar and R chart?
2-9
The Cost of Poor Quality is most often calculated during which phase of the Six Sigma Methodology? A Improve B Measure C Analyze D Control
B
Which member of the team maintains responsibility over authority and accountability for the effort?
Executive champion
An action in which the cause of variation is identified and corrected temporarily is called... A Corrective Action. B Prevention. C Compensating. D Reaction.
A
Judging if a product meets customer requirements is the main purpose of... A specification limits. B warning limits. C control limits. D run rule limits.
A
Judging if a product meets customer requirements is the main purpose of... A specification limits. B warning limits. C control limits. D run rule limits.
A
In which phase of Six Sigma will the project responsibilities transition from the process improvement team to the operations team? A Improve B Analyze C Control D Define
C
It was discovered that several agents were classifying the same type of customer inquiry using different codes. This explanation for the change in the data would be best classified as? A. Expected variation B. A change to the process C. A change to the measurement system
C
The cost related to verifying, checking, and testing of purchased goods and/or services is an example of... A appraisal costs. B internal failure costs. C prevention costs. D external failure costs.
A
The three basic rules of Cause and Effect are... A 1) Everything happens for a reason; 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain; and 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition. B 1) Brainstorm ideas and solutions; 2) Record the output; and 3) Share the information with the Stakeholders to gain their concurrence. C 1) Display the many potential causes for a specific problem or effect; 2) Immediately sort the ideas into useful categories; and 3) Weight the ideas by team consensus. D 1) Use it to study a problem to determine the root cause; 2) Examine the potential reasons why a process is having problems; and 3) Fix them.
A
The use of graphical and numerical methods to organize, summarize and present data in a meaningful way for the purpose of making more informed decisions is known as... A Descriptive Statistics. B Quantitative Reasoning. C Inferential Statistics. D Qualitative Knowledge.
A
The use of graphical and numerical methods to organize, summarize and present data in a meaningful way for the purpose of making more informed decisions is known as... A Descriptive Statistics. B Quantitative Reasoning. C Inferential Statistics. D Qualitative Knowledge
A
Using information gathered from sample data to make estimates, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data called a population is known as... A Inferential Statistics. B Data Dumping. C an Informed Decision. D Descriptive Statistics.
A
Which category of Cost of Poor Quality would include the cost if a vendor repeatedly sent poor plastic for card creation? A Appraisal costs B Prevention costs C Internal failure costs D External failure costs
A
Which of the following would you calculate a confidence interval for? A Population Mean B Sample Mean C Population p-value D Sample Variance
A
Which term describes measurement of the capability of a process? A Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) B Critical to Quality (CTQ) C Just in Time (JIT) D Design of Experiments (DOE)
A
In a distribution, the mean is 13.79 and the median is 21. The distribution is... A skewed left. B skewed right. C symmetrical. D bell-shaped.
A MEDIAN>MEAN
Norming
A stage in team development where cooperation is built
A sample in statistics is... A the people selected from a designated country. B a portion of the population under study. C the people selected at random from the population of a designated city. D all the elements in a population.
B
In comparing Lean principles to Six Sigma principles, which of these statements is false? A Six Sigma principles are problem-focused and stem from the fundamental belief that process variation is waste B Six Sigma focuses on improving value streams C Lean is focused on process flow and views activities that do not add value as waste D Lean uses visuals to understand the process flow
B
What does R&R in Gauge R&R represent? A. Rest and Relaxation B. Repeatably and Reproducible C. Removal and Replacement D. Repair and Re-calibrate
B
What is the term used to describe when the average value of multiple measurements of an event are equal to the true value? A Zero defects B Accuracy C Precision D Repeatability
B
Which one of the following best describes the concept of using Mistake Proofing within Failure Mode and Effects Analysis? A Mainly focus on using detection methods to prevent the defect from reaching the customer. B It is the preferred method for improving detection techniques or equipment. C Adding inspection points in the process to monitor for the failure mode. D Changing the specifications to eliminate the defect.
B
Who is responsible for providing the organizational structure for supporting Lean? A Kaizen Team Leader and team members B Executive Champion C Lean Leader D Deployment Champion
B
In a distribution, the mean is 23 and the median is 15.79. The distribution is... A skewed left. B skewed right. C symmetrical. D bell-shaped.
B MEDIAN<MEAN
The term that best decribes the average number of cell phones owned by 100 households in the United States is... A Population Statistic. B Population Parameter. C Sample Parameter. D Sample Statistic.
D
Where does the Project Charter's Measurable Goal come from? A Business Case B Management Directive C Voice of the Customer (VOC) D Project Plan
C
Which category of Cost of Poor Quality would include the cost if a group of new cards is printed today with 2000 as the expiration date and scrapped before delivery to the customer? A Appraisal costs B Prevention costs C Internal failure costs D External failure costs
C
Which of the following will enable flow? A Supervising people B Implementing a new inventory management system C Eliminating sources of waste D Reducing the number of your suppliers
C
Which plan is created to ensure that the champion, mentor, process owner, and key stakeholders are aware of the team purpose, team objectives, meeting results and deliverables? A Business Plan B Project Plan C Communication Plan D AIM Statement
C
Which plan is created to ensure that the champion, mentor, process owner, and key stakeholders are aware of the team purpose, team objectives, meeting results and deliverables? A Business Plan B Project Plan C Communication Plan D AIM Statement
C
Who is likely to be affected by the outcome of the improvement project and could be responsible for the final decision on implementing the proposed solution? A Team Leader B Executive Champion C Stakeholder D Project Champion
C
What describes the use of a Product Family Matrix?
Compares process steps across products and identifies logical groupings
A random sample of 8 measurements had a sample mean of 5.2 and a median of 6 and a mode of 4. Which of the following statements is correct? A The sum of the measurements is 48. B 50% of the data is less than or equal to 5.2. C The frequency is 3. D The 50th percentile of the data is 6.
D
If the number of distinct categories is 12, this indicates that the measurement system... A. Cannot reliably distinguish between parts B. Can only sort parts into high and low categories C. Results are inconclusive D. Can distinguish between parts very well
D
Root cause is... A best performed by a team of engineers and customers asking "Why?" 5-7 times. B almost impossible to get to because people are afraid of change. C the vital few factors that once implemented, contribute most to achieving error free process performance. D the lowest point in the Cause and Effect chain that the team can affect within its span of control and sphere of influence
D
The average weight for the five starting offensive linemen of the Charlotte Panthers is 300 pounds. The heaviest starter gets injured and his replacement weighs 20 pounds more than the injured starter. Which of the following statements are correct? A The average weight of each player on the new offensive line increased by 20 pounds. B The average weight of the new offensive line is 305. C Without knowing the player's weights, we can't compute the average weight of the new line. D The range of the weights for the new offensive line is 20 pounds greater than the range of weights for the original five starters.
D
The three steps for performing a Root Cause Analysis are... A 1) Measure the symptom to gauge the needed action; 2) Correct the cause by running a Kaizen Event; and 3) Re-measure the process to see if the problem has been eliminated. B 1) Everything happens for a reason; 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain; and 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition. C 1) Identify and eliminate the cause of the variation; 2) Simplify the process so errors can not occur; and 3) Standardize the activities such that all work will be performed exactly in the same manner. D 1) Define the problem in terms of the observed effect; 2) Analyze why and when the problem happened; and 3) Develop a permanent solution to prevent the problem from reoccurring.
D
To calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop, which one of the following best describes the information required? A Defect rate only B Volume of work only C Defect rate or volume of work D Defect rate and volume of work
D
Which category of Cost of Poor Quality would include the cost if a credit card is sent to the client but returned due to incorrect information? A Appraisal costs B Prevention costs C Internal failure costs D External failure costs
D
Which of the following activities does a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis involve? A Calculating the actual probability of a failure for the given time period B Predicting the expected number of failures in a given time period C Predicting the time of first failure D Studying how and what potentially could cause a product or process to fail
D
Which of the following roles often serves as the resource for removing roadblocks and resistance? A Kaizen Team Leader B Deployment Champion or Project Champion C Kaizen Team Members D Executive Champion
Deployment Champion or Project Champion
What does a diamond mean on a flow chart
Identifies a decision point
Storming
In this stage the team leader will help to build self direction through the resolution of power and authority issues, decision-making agreements, allowing the team to become more independent, using established ground rules to guide team behavior, establish equal participation opportunities
Which of the following is a condition that drives companies to adopt a Lean approach? A A desire to achieve lower attrition B A desire to increase variation in products C Increasing competition and the need for differentiation D Shareholder value
Increasing competition and the need for differentiation
Lean manufacturing is most concerned with which one of the following? A Reducing waste B Reducing people C Eliminating bottlenecks in a process
Reducing Waste
What type of variation is the unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation within a process or system - the signal, within a process or system, that something is wrong?
Special Cause
The symbol S refers to which one of the following terms?
Standard dev
There are three types of reactions in a Reaction Plan. They are... A 1) simplify; 2) eliminate; and 3) standardize. B 1) documentation; 2) communication; and 3) training. C 1) pictures; 2) flowcharts; and 3) diagrams. D 1) the compensation action; 2) a corrective action; and 3) prevention.
d
he three steps for performing a Root Cause Analysis are... A 1) Measure the symptom to gauge the needed action; 2) Correct the cause by running a Kaizen Event; and 3) Re-measure the process to see if the problem has been eliminated. B 1) Everything happens for a reason; 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain; and 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition. C 1) Identify and eliminate the cause of the variation; 2) Simplify the process so errors can not occur; and 3) Standardize the activities such that all work will be performed exactly in the same manner. D 1) Define the problem in terms of the observed effect; 2) Analyze why and when the problem happened; and 3) Develop a permanent solution to prevent the problem from reoccurring.
d
Using Lean thinking and principles reduces waste, identifies value streams, and provides which of the following benefits?
Allows the customer to pull product as needed, rather than pushing product to the customer
The question is: The amount of improvement a team expects to achieve as a result of the project is defined in the... A problem statement. B goal or AIM statement. C stakeholder analysis.
B
A process map that highlights rework loops and delays - items that negatively affect the Cycle Time of the process - is a... A Level One process map. B Level Two process map. C Level Three process map. D Level Four process map.
C
An important Design of Experiments technique to get a more reliable estimate if a factor is... A randomization. B estimate effects. C replication. D factor coding.
C
In a relative frequency distribution the word "relative" implies "relative to the... A data analyst." B proportion of the data values." C size of the data set." D size of the page on which the graph will be displayed."
C
Which category of Cost of Poor Quality would include the cost if a group of new cards is printed today with 2000 as the expiration date and scrapped before delivery to the customer? A Appraisal costs B Prevention costs C Internal failure costs D External failure cost
C
T or F. The nelson rules are proccess control method applied to control charts and used to determine if some measured variable is out of control (unpredictable verus consistent). The rules describe 9 conditions, when present in a Control Chart, are considered as an indication that the process is out of statistical control.
F
T or F: The values of the variance and the standard deviation are never zero
F: If all the data values are the same, the variance would equal zero
T or F: The primary disadvantage in using the standard deviation as a measure of variability is it only uses two measures from the data
F: The range only uses two data values
The variance of the a data set will always be greater than the mean of the data.
F: The two measurements are independent of each other. Mean affects location, variance affects dispersion
A measurement system that is very accurate will always be very precise.
False
ToF: By optimizing the time spent of Non-Value Added activities and eliminating a large proportion of the Non-Value Added (required) Lean methodologies enable companies to achieve breakthrough results.
False optimize Value Added Actives
Process Owner
Team member responsible for the process that is being worked on by the team
Executive Champion
Team member that maintains responsibility over authority and accountability for the effort
T or F. All processes have natural variability due to common causes and unnatural variabliity due to special causes, often referred to as assignable causes.
T
T or F: Pareto Charts can be used to rank problems by representing the problems in terms of their dollar costs rather than frequency.
T
T or F: The variance of the population data is the average of the squared deviations from the mean
T: The formula is the sum of the squared deviation divided by the N
A sample of 8 measurements randomly selected from a population had a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 4. If you added 4 measurements to this data set and each measurement was equal to 20, which one of the following statements would be correct about the new data set of 12 measurements?
The standard deviation would decrease.
ToF: Is the basic concepts of Lean are: Just In Time, continuous flow and waste elimination?
True
A team is looking at its process from the perspective of the material flow (from the supplier to customer) and information flow (from customer to supplier). What Lean technique are they using?
Value Stream Mapping
There are two basic types of control charts that are based on the data utilized within a specific process or project. They are (blank) and (blank)
Variables data chart attribute data charts
The three most frequently used Variables Control Charts are?
X and MR X-bar and R X-bar and S
Common cause variation is also known as... A Natural cause variation. B Special cause variation. C Assignable cause variation. D Unnatural cause variation.
a
Design of Experiments is used to... A optimize process outputs and increase Return on Investment (ROI). B optimize a process and minimize Return on Investment (ROI). C simplify a process and increase Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ). D improve customer satisfaction by increasing Defects per Million Opportunity (DPMO).
a
In a designed experiment, the factors and levels for each are determined in which phase? A Plan B Design C Run D Analyze E Act
a
Is the following statement True or False? A confidence interval gives us a measure of reliability that the calculated interval contains the true value of the sample statistic. A True B False
b
The mean and standard deviation of the grades of 500 students who took a statistics test were 69 and 7, respectively. The grades have a bell-shaped distribution. Based on this information, which one of the following is the best estimate of the number of students with grades between 55 and 83? A 95% B 475 C At least 75% D 375
b
Which one of the following best describes a Risk Priority Number? A The probability of failure B The probability that the cause is related to the failure C The relative ranking of the risks of failure D The number of consecutive days since the last failure was reported
b
The sum of the deviations of the scores about the mean for any data set... A is always negative. B is always positive. C is always zero. D varies from sample to sample.
c
What are the two general methods used to make inferences about population parameters? A Hypothesis Testing and Sampling B Confidence Intervals and Sampling C Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals D Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
c
Which one of the following best completes the statement? We use inferential statistics to estimate... A population statistics. B sample statistics. C population parameters. D sample parameters.
c
Which one of the following statements is true about an X and MR Chart? A It is used only for sample sizes greater than 10. B It is used only when the sample size is greater than 1. C It is used in situations when only a single measurement is taken. D It is used only for Attribute Data.
c
For a bell-shaped distribution, which Z score value would best approximate the 84th percentile? A -2 B -1 C 0 D +1 E +2
d
here are two parts to the Control phase. In the first part, the team focuses on controlling the process. This includes... A completing the documentation, handing the project off to the process owner, and leveraging the lessons learned across the organization. B the compensation action, corrective action, and prevention. C verifying the measurement system is accurate, identifying root causes, trialing solutions, implementing the solution, and developing a new set of customer satisfaction metrics. D collecting data from key points in the process, developing a Control Plan, and creating a reaction and re-evaluation strategy to ensure the Control Plan is current.
d
FMEA is a (blank) used to (blank) and (blank), the impact of their occurrence
systematic approach examine potential failures prevent, or minimize impact