Learners permit

Red painted curb

Do not stop, stand or park

What is braking distance

The distance your car travels after you apply the brakes

When parking on a public road

move as far from traffic as possible

According to Virginia law, if you are driving 20 or more miles per hour (MPH) above the speed limit, or 81 miles per hour, a law enforcement officer may charge you with

reckless driving

When aggressive drivers are behind the wheel, these high-risk drivers take out their anger on other motorists. Their frustration levels run high while

their concerns for fellow motorists run low.

what is one way you can Increase your space cushion

you can doubling your normal following distance

use low-beams whenever you are within

200 feet of the vehicle ahead.

Unless there is a speed limit sign stating otherwise, the maximum speed limit for passenger vehicles and motorcycles is

25 MPH for school, business and residential areas; 35 MPH for unpaved roads and 55 MPH for all other roads.

Never follow an emergency vehicle closer than

500 feet when its lights are flashing.

Drowsy Driving is

Constant yawning, head nodding, heavy eyelids, difficulty remembering the last few miles driven, missing road signs or exits, unplanned lane changes, driving off the road or hitting rumble strips are all signs of drowsy driving.

U-turns are not legal everywhere. Before you make a U-turn, check for

No U-Turn or No Left Turn signs. In business districts, cities, and towns, U-turns are allowed only at intersections. Never make a U-turn on a highway. When making a U-turn, turn on your left-turn signal, stop, and yield for approaching traffic. When the way is clear, proceed into the outside or right-hand lane traveling in the opposite direction

When police, fire and rescue vehicles or ambulances approach you from behind your vehicle using a siren, flashing lights or both, you must immediately yield the right-of-way.

Safely pull over to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle has passed

Yellow painted curb

Stop only long enough to load or unload. Stay with your car

White painted curb

Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers

What is reaction distance

The distance your vehicle travels between the time you recognize a problem and the time you apply the brakes

What is perception time

The time it takes you to recognize a hazard

What is aggressive Driving

This dangerous driving behavior is defined by Virginia law as the intent to harass, intimidate, injure or obstruct another person while committing one or more traffic offenses such as failing to stop or yield the right-of-way, avoiding a traffic control device or failing to give way to an overtaking vehicle.

Parking uphill with curb

Turn front wheels left

Parking downhill no curb

Turn front wheels right

Parking downhill with curb

Turn front wheels right

Parking uphill no curb

Turn front wheels right

With a curb

Turn the front wheels of your vehicle to prevent it from rolling into the street.

Without a curb

Turn the front wheels so that if the vehicle rolls, the rear of the vehicle will roll away from traffic.

Yellow used with black conveys

a warning. Curve ahead, stop ahead, overhead clearances, slippery when wet, are all examples.

Blind spots are danger areas where vehicles around you cannot be easily seen. Before driving,

adjust your vehicle's mirrors. Make sure the inside rear view mirror frames the entire back window. Adjust both side mirrors so you can barely see the sides of your vehicle. The best way to see a car in your blind spot is by quickly turning your head and glancing over your shoulder to ensure the way is clear before changing lanes or passing another vehicle. Avoid driving in someone else's blind spot. This can be just as dangerous as not checking your own blind spot. Speed up or drop back; but, don't stay in the other driver's blind spot.

Orange and black and pink and black signs are used to

advise and warn in construction (orange) and incident (pink) areas. They are used with black and white signs that convey regulations that might exist only because of the construction effort or the incident

A brown sign is used to

advise of historical or cultural interests that might exist in the area

When you plan to turn, signal three or four seconds, 100 feet

ahead of your turn.

To make a right turn you should

be in the lane furthest to the right. Signal your intent to turn by using the proper turn signal. You should signal at least three or four seconds, 100 feet, ahead of the turn. Look to your left and right to check the intersection for pedestrians and traffic. Then brake smoothly before and during the turn. If there is a red traffic light or a stop sign at the intersection, come to a complete stop before you make the turn. Turn into the lane closest to the curb unless pavement markings lead you otherwise, and then change lanes if needed.

Increase your following distance when driving

behind a large vehicle that blocks your vision in bad weather or heavy traffic when exiting an expressway behind a motorcycle or bicycle when being tailgated

You may not park:

beside another parked vehicle (double parking) on crosswalks or sidewalks in front of driveways within areas where parking is prohibited by curbs painted yellow or No Parking signs in a parking space reserved for disabled persons in striped access aisles adjacent to a parking space reserved for disabled persons on the hard surface of a road when no curb is present within 15 feet of a fire hydrant within 20 feet of an intersection in a bike lane within 15 feet of the entrance to a fire, ambulance or rescue squad station within 500 feet of where fire trucks or equipment are stopped answering an alarm within 50 feet of a railroad crossing in such a way that you block or create a hazard for other vehicles in a designated traffic lane

When on the road, drivers should not use

cell phones, computers or other distracting devices except to report a crash or emergency

If you see an aggressive driver, stay out of the way, don't

challenge the aggressive driver by speeding up or trying to out-maneuver him. Avoid eye contact and ignore his gestures and shouting.

Before changing lanes, _______________ Then, ____________________ Check for other drivers who also may be moving into the same lane. Just before you begin moving into the other lane, quickly glance over your shoulder and check for any vehicles that may be in your blind spot.

check your side and rearview mirrors for traffic approaching you from behind use your turn signal to let other drivers know you plan to change lanes

Driving while you are sleepy increases your crash risk as you struggle to process

complex information coming from different places at once. You may make careless driving decisions, have trouble paying attention or actually fall asleep while driving

A green sign is used to provide

destination types of information

Traffic Signals Traffic signals apply to

drivers, motorcycle riders, bicyclists, moped-riders and pedestrians.

Use low-beams when

driving in cities and towns, except on streets where there is no lighting. Switch to low-beams whenever you meet oncoming traffic to avoid blinding the other driver. When following,

Driving in heavy rain can be as hazardous as

driving in fog, especially if the wind is blowing.

When driving on a multi-lane highway, stay in the right lane if you are

driving slower than the traffic around you

vehicles to the rear and in blind spot areas are

especially difficult to see when it's raining.

The single biggest contributor to crashes is

failing to identify a risk

The most common mistake that drivers make when backing up is

failing to look both ways behind them. Mirrors do not give you a full view. To see as much as possible, turn your body and head to the right and look out through the rear window. Back up slowly and check for pedestrians and approaching traffic by glancing quickly to either side

Tailgating is when the driver behind you is

following too closely. If you find yourself in this situation, do not brake suddenly. If possible, move over to another lane, or gently tap your brakes to flash your brake lights and slow down. This should encourage the tailgater to pass you or slow down.

Often dotted white lines are used to

guide two turning lanes through the intersection

You must use your ______________ whenever you use your windshield wipers as a result of bad weather.

headlights

Use low-beam headlights in

heavy fog and look for road edge markings to guide you. Even light fog reduces visibility and your ability to judge distances, so slow down.

Green and white, blue and white, and brown and white signs are used to provide

helpful information

When driving in rural areas, watch for

hidden intersections and driveways, curves, hills and different road conditions. Watch for other vehicles, especially trucks, oversized and slow-moving farm vehicles, and bicycles

Use high-beam headlights on

highways, unless another vehicle is within 500 feet coming toward you

Driving on packed snow is similar to driving on _______ When you brake, apply the brakes gently.

ice

The color and shape of a traffic sign communicates

important information about the sign's message.

To make a left turn you should be

in the furthest left lane possible, turning into the leftmost lane on the intersecting road, unless pavement markings lead you otherwise; or, unless multiple left turn lanes are provided. If multiple left turn lanes are provided, you should choose the lane that will best serve your need once you enter the intersecting road. Signal your intent to turn by using the proper turn signal. You should signal at least three to four seconds, 100 feet, ahead of the turn. Look in all directions, checking the intersection for pedestrians and traffic coming from the opposite direction.

Virginia law requires motorists to use headlights during

inclement weather such as rain, fog, snow or sleet when visibility is reduced to 500 feet.

while the blue sign is used to

inform regarding motorists services

Many two-lane roads in Virginia do not have lane markings to separate the lanes. On an unmarked two-lane road, you may pass a slow-moving vehicle on the

left side if there are no signs prohibiting passing. Make sure that the way is clear

Fog reflects

light and can reflect your own headlights back into your eyes.

when its raining Use your

low-beam headlights to see and be seen

You must use your headlights at

night and at other times when it's hard to see.

Red markings are generally not used; but, some communities do use red curbs to indicate

no parking zones

Red reflectors on the pavement show areas

not to be entered or used. They are positioned on the road surface so that only traffic flowing in the wrong direction would observe them

Passing is unlawful and unsafe

on hills, curves, at intersections or railroad crossings, except on roads with two or more lanes of traffic moving in the same direction off the pavement or on the shoulder of the road when a school bus is stopped to load or unload passengers on a public road (unless a physical barrier or unpaved median separates traffic going in either direction) or on a private road when a solid line marks the left side of your lane when approaching a crosswalk and the vehicle ahead of you or the lane next to you is stopped

In poor visibility conditions, such as heavy fog, you may be able to make out

only the shape of a sign

On a one-way road

park on either side

On a two-way street

park on the right side of the road.

on a multi-lane highway The left lane is for

passing only

what are three factors that determine the stopping distance that it takes to stop your vehicle

perception time, reaction distance and braking distance

Warning signs alert you to

possible hazards ahead. Slow down and watch for other pavement markings, signs, signals or work zones that may follow.

Equip your car with all-weather snow tires or chains to help

prevent skidding and reduce stopping distance

If you park next to a curb

pull close to it. You may not park more than one foot from the curb

If you park on a shoulder

pull over as far on the shoulder as possible.

When emergency vehicles approach you in the opposite lane on an undivided highway, you must

pull over to the edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle passes. These requirements do not apply in highway work zones.

Road markings may be

red, yellow or white. They may be used alone or in combinations. Each has a different meaning

Black used with white conveys

regulatory information. Speed limit, do not pass, no turns are examples where the operation is regulated by law and the black and white sign would be found.

some ways that aggressive drivers break the law is

running stop signs and red lights, speeding, tailgating, weaving in and out of traffic, passing on the right (including on the shoulder and unpaved portions of the road), making improper and unsafe lane changes, as well as making hand and facial gestures, screaming, honking and flashing their lights.

A specialized class of warning signs uses a strong yellow/green color with black to advise of

school zone, pedestrian and/or bicyclist activities.

Dotted white lines are used to

show lane assignment in intersections and interchanges

When rain begins, during the first half-hour, roads are more likely to be

slippery due to oil on the road surface mixing with water. Use caution when driving through ponded water, and avoid it if possible. Ponded water can cause vehicles to hydroplane or otherwise lose control.

Space around your vehicle gives you distance to react in emergencies and avoid a crash. Create a

space cushion around your vehicle by staying in the middle of your lane. Make sure there is enough room ahead of your vehicle and behind it for other vehicles to pass or stop safely

When being passed, don't

speed up, Maintain a steady speed or slow down.

You must always stop your vehicle at all

stop signs, red traffic lights and flashing red signals when entering a street or crossing over a sidewalk from a driveway, alley, building or parking lot at railroad crossings with flashing signals when signaled by flaggers directing traffic for pedestrians attempting to cross the street at a crosswalk at the direction of a police officer.

Red used with white conveys

stop, yield, do not, and no. Stop signs, yield signs, do not enter or wrong way signs, the circle and slash in a no turn sign, and the restrictions in a parking sign are examples

if you are convicted of aggressive driving, your license could be suspended for

ten days or for as long as six months.

Over-correcting occurs when

the driver turns the steering wheel more sharply than expected, causing the rear wheels of the vehicle to slide toward the outside of the turn. This may result in the loss of vehicle control. Most overcorrection crashes are single vehicle crashes and are often preventable. A driver should remain alert at all times. Reduce speed and use extra caution while driving on curved roads. If you veer off the road, curved or straight, do not panic. Gradually reduce your speed, look in the direction you want to go, slowly steer back onto the roadway.

what is another definition for yield

to stop if you cannot merge safely into the flow of traffic

Traffic signals, signs and pavement markings are used for

traffic control to provide a smooth, orderly flow of traffic.

At sunset, as soon as the light begins to fade

turn on your headlights to make your vehicle more visible to others. You must use headlights from sunset to sunrise

Whether you are changing lanes, passing, entering or exiting a highway, always use your

turn signals and check traffic to the rear and sides

Yellow center lines mean

two-way traffic, flowing in opposite directions

Driving becomes hazardous when

visibility is reduced or when the road surface is covered with rain, snow or ice.

Road markings guide and

warn drivers as well as regulate traffic.

Perception time, reaction distance and braking distance are affected by

weather, visibility, and your mental and physical condition. Braking distance is also affected by how fast your vehicle is traveling, the condition of your brakes and tires, and the pavement condition. For example, wet pavement can double your braking distance

Sign colors help you know

what the intention of the sign is

In light rain or drizzle, turn on your

windshield wipers to improve visibility;

what should be your first response to decreased visibility and dangerous road conditions be

you should reduce your speed

Remove snow and ice from your entire car, including the roof, hood and rear of the vehicle, before

you start driving

Using headlights at all times, including during the day, increases

your vehicle's visibility.