Learning

Darwin's theory of evoluntion has been around for about...

150 years

Learning is a ____ in____ due to____.

Change; behavior; experience

Hart and Risley did a longitudinal study of the influence of the home verbal environment on children from socioeconomic backgrounds. They found that__

Children whose parents talked to them a lat later scored higher on IQ tests

Unconditional Reflex

Consists of an unconditional stimulus and an unconditional response

True/ False The evolution of most species is now complete

False

An __ is something an organism tries to escape or avoid

aversive

Fluency

combination of errors and rates

operational

measure

Learning is an evolved

modifiability

Zing Yang Kuo found that 86% of kittens that saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves. He also found that___ of kittens that never saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves.

45%

The tendency of some animals to hoard food is probably an example of

A general behavior trait

The gollypod, a fictitious aquatic animal, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to the sun. This reaction is most likely...?

A reflex

A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting

Behavior

___ poked fun at the human tendency to see itself as the crowning achievement of evolution.

Bertrand Russel

Keltner and Anderson suggest that ___ may protect us from injury by appeasing others we have offended.

Blushing

2 advantages of case study

Detail Access to specific information

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Doggie salivary reflex dude

Variation and natural selection are the foundations of...

Evolution

True/ False All reflexes contribute to survival

False

True/ False As far as the study of learning is concerned, experience refers primarily to events that take place inside the person

False

True/ False Darwin founded his theory of evolution on the work of Gregor Mendel

False

True/ False Learning always involves the acquisition of new behaviors

False

True/ False The word stimulus always refers to events in an organisms surroundings

False

True/ False Your text views learning as a change in the brain that is represented in behavior

False

True/False Darwin believed that there were no human instincts

False

True/False Natural selection helps the individual adapt to changes in its environment

False

True/False Research on the sexual orientation of sisters of lesbian women demonstrated that homosexuality is an inherited characteristic.

False

One person who raised doubts about the incest taboo is

Freud

There is evidence that the rate of __ in fetuses is correlated with intellectual development after birth

Habituation

___ refers to modal action patterns as complex reflexes

Howard Rachlin

Teenagerus Americanus, a two-legged ape indigenous to North America, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to elevator music. This reaction is most likely...

Learned behavior

________, like natural selection, is a biological mechanisms for adapting to change

Learning

In her study of baboons, Shirley Strum found that the most successful males were

Less aggressive than other males

The quotation, "Change is the only constant," is attributed to

Lucretius

The rooting of pigs (for worms, larvae, and truffles) is an example of a

MAP

The brown-headed cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds. This is most likely a

Modal action pattern

Dynamic view

More important to further scientific knowledge

Lee Cronk wrote an article on how evolved behavior can prove non adaptive when the environment changes. The article was called___

Old Dogs, Old Tricks

The role of natural selection in the beaks of finches was the subject of research by...

Peter and Rosemary Grant

The color __ is a releaser for aggression in the male stickleback

Red

The person who demonstrated that the marching of tropical army ants is not intelligent behavior is

Schneirla

A thumbtack stuck in a bulletin board several feet away is less likely to affect your behavior than a thumbtack placed on the chair on which you are sitting. Even though both examples involve a thumbtack, the second is more likely to qualify as a___

Stimulus

True/ False A major problem with natural selection as an adaptive mechanism is that it is slow

True

True/ False It is sometimes difficult to say whether an event is behavior or physiology

True

True/ False Probably the reason the world seems relatively stable is that we dont live long enough to see many drastic changes

True

True/ False Reflexes are generally less variable than modal action patterns

True

True/False Natural selection helps the species to adapt to change, not the individual.

True

Learning is

a change in behavior

A reflex is

a relationship between an event and a simple response

static view of science

an activity that contributes systematized information in the world

Most mutations

are not helpful to survival

Natural selection is often

behind the times

The experiments of Harlow and Harlow demonstrated that how monkeys are reared

can have a profound effect on their behavior later in life

Mentalistic

cognitive therapy approach to explaining behavior

Antecdotal evidence

consists o first or second- hand reports of personal experiences

In the fox-breeding experiment, researchers selectively mated foxes that displayed__ behavior

dog-like

Experience refers to

events that affect behavior

Case study

examines a particular inidividual

The brown-headed cowbird puts its eggs in other birds nests. This is an example of a

fixed action pattern

ABA

flu example, doing the experiment twice or starting over

Repeated exposure to a stimulus that evokes a reflex response results in

habituation

According to David Buss, the work of Gregor Mendel

had little or no influence on Darwin's thinking

The list of alleged human fixed action patterns

has gotten shorter in recent years

Natural selection is illustrated by changes in the coloration of the Peppered Moth resulting from

industrial pollution

The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning is

is faster

The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that

it is slow

Steven says that he was very nervous when he first attended college classes, but now he feels quite relaxed. Steven's loss of anxiety is most likely an example of

learning

The author of your text evidently believes that....

learning is a way of adopting to change

Chapter 1 includes a box called "The Face of Change". One point the essay makes is that

many changes in our lives are imperceptible

Behavior is anything an animal or person does that can be

measured

Your text defines behavior as anything an organism does that can be

measured

The dispute over the relative importance of genetics and learning is often called the

nature-nurture

Conditional Reflex

reflexes acquired through conditioning and consisting of a conditional stimulates and a conditional response

Model action patterns are induced by events called

releasers

ethnographies

researcher is participant and observer

experimenter effect

researcher may give off clues that are clear to the participant

Descriptive studies

researcher often attempts to describe a group by obtaining data from its members

The phenomenon that is nearly the opposite of habituation is

sensitization

Experiment

study in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables and measures the effects of this manipulation on one or more other variables

higher-order conditioning

the procedure of pairing NS with a well-established CS

Conditional response

the response elicited by a conditional stimulus

Unconditional response

the response elicited by an unconditional stimulus

4 disadvantages of case study

time consuming small sample size cannot generalize vulnerable to bias

latency

time it takes for a behavior to occur