Learning

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________. A. conditioned response B. conditioned stimulus C. unconditioned response D. unconditioned stimulus A. conditioned response Upgrade to remove ads

conditioned response

What are these examples of? Bob does the dishes (behavior) in order to stop his mother's nagging (aversive stimulus). Natalie can get up from the dinner table (aversive stimulus) when she eats 2 bites of her broccoli (behavior).

negative reinforcement

For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the _

unconditioned stimulus

unconditioned response

unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus ex. salivation when food is in the mouth--- THE RESPONSE TO UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS.

aversive stimulus

an unpleasant or noxious stimulus

Reinforcement

any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

punishment

Conditioned

something that must be learned

In classical conditioning, the ______ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

unconditioned response.

conditioned response

in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). -learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

_ reinforcement occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.

negative

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ______. learning

learning

Which of the following is an example observational learning ?

teaching your self yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

Who proposed observational learning and created the Bobo doll studies?

Albert Bandura

Stimuli

Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning.

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

- stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a response. something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism

Learning

-a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience (the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors).

conditioned stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. -originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Little Albert Experiment

A study in which a white rat was paired with a loud sudden noise in order to condition a fear response in an infant.

In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into eye produces a blinking response.

Classical

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B. Watson

classical conditioning

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate two stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

observational

_ reinforcement works by presenting a motivating/reinforcing stimulus to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.

positive

What are these examples of? A mother gives her son praise (reinforcing stimulus) for doing homework (behavior). A father gives his daughter candy (reinforcing stimulus) for cleaning up toys (behavior).

positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement _ be thought of as a punishment procedure. With negative reinforcement, you are increasing a behavior, whereas with punishment, you are decreasing a behavior.

should not