LearningCurve 4a

survival

A developmental psychologist studies the responses of a newborn. She puts her finger in the baby's fist. The baby grasps it. Then she strokes the baby's palm and the baby puts his fist in his mouth and sucks. The psychologist is testing the baby's __________ instincts.

object permanence

A game of peek-a-boo with his dad excites Finn during the first six months of his life because Finn actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because Finn lacks _____.

alcohol

A school psychologist works with a teenage student who has lower intelligence, is hyperactive, and has behavior problems. The psychologist suspects the student also has a problem with ______________.

Drinking

A school psychologist works with a teenage student who has lower intelligence, is hyperactive, and has behavior problems. What other problems might the psychologist suspect?

inner speech

According to Vygotsky, teaching children phrases like, "no, no" and "please wait" gives them self-control tools that allow them to internalize cultural language and rely on ___________ when they need to resist temptation later.

accommodation

After Brita learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of ___________.

clear guidelines

Authoritarian parenting is to authoritative parenting as strict rules are to ______________.

strangers

Beginning at around 8 months, children may greet ____________ by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.

motor

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research on infants revealed specific, but not generalized, ____________ learning.

If a teddy bears works for me, it must work for everyone else.

Claire's mother is crying. Claire's mother always gives Claire a teddy bear when she cries. 2-year-old Claire hands her mother her teddy bear. What is Claire thinking?

developmental

Dr. Cole's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Cole is a ______________ psychologist.

fetus

Due to complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?

preoperational

During the _______________ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

Neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

He continued to cry since he could not reverse the mental image.

Ian is 4 years old. He awoke to the sound of branch knocking against his window. He immediately thought there was a monster outside and began to cry. He then saw the shadow of the branch as it knocked at his window for a second time. What response would you expect Ian to have at this stage in his development?

attachment

In animals, the process of _____________ occurs during a brief developmental phase known as a critical period.

25; 50; 90

In the United States, about _____ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, _____ percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about _____ percent are walking by age 15 months.

He has become habituated.

Jake is a 3-month-old baby who is no longer as interested in a puppet head as he once was. What has happened here?

He continued to cry, since he could not reverse the mental image.

Juan is 3 years old. His brother jumped out the closet and frightened him. A few seconds later, Juan realized that it was his brother that scared him. What response would you expect Juan to have at this stage in his development?

Austim spectrum syndrome

Kevin is an exceptionally talented violinist and has an extraordinary knowledge of music history, but he has a hard time playing in an orchestra. He is easily distracted when he should be paying attention to the conductor and never socializes or makes eye contact with other players. Kevin may have:

She wants to make sure her baby learns the sound of her voice.

Marla is eight months pregnant. About a month ago, she started reading nursery rhymes aloud every night before bed. Marla most probably reads the nursery rhymes because:

authoritarian

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____________ type of parenting style.

Impaired theory of the mind.

Ten-year-old Marie is sad. She is crying. Her older brother Paul looks at her and then continues watching TV. Paul may be showing signs of:

association

The ____________ areas of the cortex are the last brain areas to develop.

association

The ________________ areas of the cortex are the last brain areas to develop.

memory

The association areas of the cortex are related to thinking, ______________, and language.

3.5

The average age of children having their earliest conscious memory is _____ years.

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by:

teratogen

Tran was born in a country were rubella vaccinations are not routinely given. She recently became pregnant and asked her doctor if she can be vaccinated while pregnant and the doctor advised against it. Tran asked her doctor if rubella is a _____________.

Concept of conservation.

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped beakers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one beaker is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

differentiate

You just found out that your sister conceived about seven days ago. You rush to find a book on pregnancy so that you can learn more about it. The book says that around the seventh day of pregnancy the cells of the zygote begin to __________________.

The cells of the zygote are beginning to differentiate.

You just found out that your sister conceived about seven days ago. You rush to find a book on pregnancy so that you can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy?