LearnSmart Notes***Chapter 9

True or False: There are several degrees of sterility, based on the destruction of endospores

False (*hint: either it's sterile or not)

The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause____or____. A. disease B. antibiotic production C. food spoilage D. microbial antagonism

A. disease; C. food spoilage

____are chemical agents that kill non-endospore forming pathogens. A. germicides B. insecticides C. germistatins

A. germicides

Which of the following are examples of disinfection? A. immersing thermometers in a iodine solution B. cleansing a wound with bleach solution C. boiling eating utensils D. a 5% solution of bleach to clean a lab table

A. immersing thermometers in a iodine solution C. boiling eating utensils D. a 5% solution of bleach to clean a lab table (*hint: option B would be an antiseptic, however bleach is not appropriate to add to skin considering the negative effect it would have human skin)

Sterilization methods are usually reserved for: A. inanimate objects B. living tissue

A. inanimate objects (*hint: only process that is used on living tissue is antisepsis/degermation)

Prions are: A. resistant to heat and chemicals B. sensitive to heat but resistant to chemicals C. resistant to heat but sensitive to chemicals D. sensitive to heat and chemicals

A. resistant to heat and chemicals

Antiseptics are used to destroy vegetative bacterial on? A. skin B. animate and inanimate objects C. internal surfaces D. inanimate surfaces

A. skin

What type of agent specifically destroys bacterial endospores? A. sporicide B. bactericide C. virucide D. fungicide

A. sporicide

Disinfectants are normally only used on inanimate objects because: A. the high concentrations needed are harmful to living tissues B. they are not strong enough for tissues C. living tissues usually don't harbor pathogens

A. the high concentrations needed are harmful to living tissues

All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs EXCEPT: A. uniform populations of like microbes B. microbes with variable resistance C. microbes with variable pathogenic capabilities D. complex mixtures of types of microbes

A. uniform populations of like microbes

Antiseptics are ____ agents applied to the skin to inhibit vegetative bacterial cells. A. physical B. chemical C. physical and chemical

B. chemical (*hint: the chemical is used to get it off in addition to mechanical friction)

Surgical handscrubbing is an example of what antimicrobial control process? A. sterilization B. degermation C. disinfection

B. degermation (*hint: involves a scrubbing of hands, which only removes your microbes, NOT kills them.)

A sterile object is: A. free of everything except endospores B. free of all viable microorganisms and viruses C. free of all viable microorganisms except viruses D. free of almost all viable microorganisms and viruses

B. free of all viable microorganisms and viruses

Which root indicates the ability to kill microorganisms? A. -static B. -stasis C. -cide

C. -cide

What microbial agent is the most resistant to physical and chemical control methods? A. Protozoan cysts B. Mycobacterium cells C. Bacterial endospores D. Fungal endospores

C. Bacterial endospores (*hint: view Figure 9.2 on page 235)

Virucides____viruses. A. inhibit the growth of B. enhance the growth of C. inactivate

C. inactivate (*hint: ultimately killing the virus)

Bactericides____bacteria. A. inhibit the growth of B. enhance the growth of C. kill

C. kill

Sepsis is defined as: A. growth of microorganisms in the water supply B. growth of microorganisms in the blood or other tissues C. death of tissue due to microbial growth

B. growth of microorganisms in the blood or other tissues

____is the general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage.

Decontamination

____is the physical removal of surface oils, debris, and soil from skin to reduce the microbial load.

Degermation (*hint: also called antisepsis)

____is the use of a physical process or chemical to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores, usually on inanimate surfaces.

Disinfection

An agent that kills fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts is called a____.

Fungicide

____is any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms and debris from inanimate objects to reduce contamination to safe levels.

Sanitization

A process that completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms, including viruses from an object or habitat is referred to as

Sterilization (*hint: key is destroys all)

____is the destruction of all microbial life, whereas____destroys most microbial life, thus reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces.

Sterilization; Disinfection

In sterilization, ____ are destroyed or removed.

all microorganisms

A____agent will inhibit the growth of bacteria, whereas a____agent will kill bacteria.

bacteristatic; bactricide