Lecture 03: UML (Unified Modeling Language)

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Things

define the static part of the model.

Behavioral Modeling Diagrams

describes the interaction in the system.

UML

developed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson

Arrows

______ represent the direction flow of the flow chart.

UML

A graphical language for expressing object-oriented designs

standard symbol for a decision

A marker shaped like a diamond is the ______.

Simple Association

A simple association typically corresponds to an instance variable in Class A of the target class B type.

Generalization

A type of inheritance

Diagrams

All the elements, relationships are used to make a complete UML diagram and the diagram represents a system that can be understood in better and simple way

Actors

An ______ is a role that a human, device, or another system plays with respect to the system - actors do not need to be humans

Package

_______ is the only one grouping thing available for gathering structural and behavioral things.

Use case

_______ represents a set of actions performed by a system for a specific goal.

Packages

________ can be used to provide controlled access between classes in different packages.

Interface

_________ defines a set of operations which specify the responsibility of a class.

Component

_________ describes physical part of a system.

Use-case Diagram

models the interactions between the system, the user and possibly with other systems

black circle

A __ is the standard notation for an initial state before an activity takes place.

Node

A ____ can be defined as a physical element that exists at run time.

join

A ____ combines two concurrent activities back into a flow where only one activity is happening at a time.

fork

A ____ splits one activity flow into two concurrent activities.

package

A _______ can contain classes and other packages and diagrams.

package

A _______ is a container-like element for organizing other elements into groups

Class Diagram

A graphic presentation of the static view that shows a collection of declarative model elements, such as classes, types and their contents and relationships

Dependency

Changes to class B may affect class A

Association

Could be unidirectional or bi-directional

State machine

Events are external factors responsible for state change.

Generalization

This process will make that common code to general code. So that, this general code can be reused by any of its Subclass.

Simple Association

In an association Class A 'uses' objects of Class B

Realization

In realization, new class implements all unimplemented abstract methods and provide concrete implementation.

Composition

In this relationship, one object contain other object.

Goals of UML

Intended to be as simple as possible while still being capable of modeling the full range of practical systems that need to be built

black circle

It can either stand alone or you can use a note to further elucidate the starting point.

Architectural Modeling Diagram

It contains both structural and behavioral elements of the system.

State machine

It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to events.

Behavioral Modeling Diagrams

It represents the interaction among the structural diagrams.

Generalization

It's the process of moving common code from Subclasses to Superclass.

Generalization

This relation is an "is a" relationship

Composition

Much 'stronger' than aggregation. Class A and Class B have the same 'lifetime'.

Bidirectional Association

Navigability A to B and B to A

Simple Association

Navigability is from A to B: A Class A object can access the Class B object(s) with which it is associated. The reverse is not true - the Class B object doesn't know about the class A object

Goals of UML

Non- proprietary

Aggregation

Object of class B retain an existence independent of Class A.

Composition

Objects(s) of Class B are 'part of' a Class A object

Aggregation

Part can be shared by several wholes

Composition

Part is always a part of a single whole

Aggregation

Parts can live independently (i.e., whole cardinality can be 0..*)

Composition

Parts exist only as part of the whole.

Aggregation

Some designers believe there is no real distinction between aggregation and simple association

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE There are always at least two paths coming out of a decision and the condition text lets you know which options are mutually exclusive.

Realization

This is also "is a" relationship.

shape

The ___ used for notes.

activity symbols

The _____ are the basic building blocks of an activity diagram and usually have a short description of the activity they represent.

top section

The __________ is used to name the class.

Arrows

The arrow points in the direction of progressing activities.

UML symbol

The black circle that looks like a selected radio button is the _________ for the end state of an activity.

Architectural Modeling Diagram

They consist of Package diagrams.

Behavioral Modeling Diagrams

They consist of the activity diagrams

UML Structural Modeling Diagrams

They consist of the following: - Use Case diagram - Class diagram

Bidirectional Association

This association is complicated because each object must have a reference to the other object(s) and it is generally much less common than unidirectional ones

Use Cases: "Include" Relationship

This dependency is commonly used when a use case compulsorily needs the behavior of another

Dependency

Typical use of dependency lines would be where Class A has a method which is passed a parameter object of Class B, or uses a local variable of that class, or calls static methods in Class B.

Composition

When the wall is destroyed, they are destroyed

Aggregation

Whole is not solely responsible for the object

Composition

Whole is responsible and should create/destroy the objects

Interaction

_ is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of messages exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.

State machine

__ is useful when the state of an object in its life cycle is important.

Collaboration

___ defines interaction between elements.

Condition text

___ is placed next to a decision marker to let you know under what condition an activity flow should split off in that direction.

Bidirectional Association

____ is when Classes A and B have a two-way association

Class

_____ represents set of objects having similar responsibilities.

Actors

______ can get information from a use case, or participate in it

Actors

______ carry out use cases

Annotational

a mechanism to capture remarks, descriptions, and comments of UML model elements

Grouping

a mechanism to group elements of a UML model together

Realization

a relationship between an interface and a class.

Dependency

a relationship between two things in which change in one element also affects the other one

Use-case Diagram

a use case represents an external view of the system

Composition

also a "has a" relationship but the contained object can't exist without the container object

Aggregation

also known as "has a" relationship.

Actors

are connected to use cases by association only (models communication, which can be bidirectional)

Architectural Modeling Diagram

can be defined as the blue print of the entire system.

UML Structural Modeling Diagrams

captures the static features of a system

Use Cases: Generalization

child may add or override parent behavior

Use Cases: Generalization

child may be substituted where parent occurs

Use Cases: Generalization

child use case inherits behavior and meaning from parent use case

Behavioral

consists of the dynamic parts of UML models

Association

could be any type like one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-many

Goals of UML

general-purpose modeling language that all modelers can use

Use-case Diagram

helpful for finding classes, creating class diagrams

primary use

modeling optional system behavior

Activity Diagram

refers to a standardized system of notation for a flowchart

Activity Diagram

represents the execution of a statement in a procedure or the performance of an activity in a workflow.

UML Structural Modeling Diagrams

represents the framework for the system and this framework is the place where all other components exist

Architectural Modeling Diagram

represents the overall framework of the system.

Association

represents the static relationship between two classes along with the multiplicity relationship between objects

Relationships

shows how elements are associated with each other and this association describes the functionality of an application. - There are four kinds of relationships available: Dependency, Association, Generalization, Realization

Behavioral Modeling Diagrams

shows the dynamic nature of the system.

Use Cases: "Extend" relationship

similar to generalization, but more restricted

Composition

special case of aggregation.

Aggregation

special type of association, in which one object contains other object, which is directional relationship.

UML

standardized by OMG (Object Management Group) which is an international, open membership, not-for-profit technology standards consortium.

Composition

the "strong" relationship which shows that one object is (and has to be) part of another seems appropriate.

Use Cases: "Extend" relationship

the extending use case may add behavior to the base use case, but: - the base use case must declare certain extension points - the extending use case may add additional behavior only at those extension points

Composition

these classes compose and are contained by ---<>(bold) this class

Aggregation

these classes compose without belonging to ---<> this class

Generalization

this class inherits from ---------> this class

Association

this class is associated with --------- this class

Dependency

this class is dependent upon - - - -> this class

Use-case Diagram

used for capturing requirements, the first step towards creating a design

Use Cases: "Include" Relationship

used when you want to "call", "invoke" or simply reuse a use case within another use case.

Use Cases: "Include" Relationship

when a use case A is a subset of use case B and Use case C, you can <<include>> use case A in B & C.


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