Lecture 18 - Hydrology
Plants slow ___________ which gives more time to______________.
runoff, infiltrate
The amount of water on Earth is relatively ____________.
constant
Evapotranspiration
evaporation + transpiration
Gully
moderate concentrated flow
Groundwater depletion
more used than replenished by nature
Wilting point
most capillary water is gone which causes plants to become unhealthy
Gravity water
unattached water that is pulled down by gravity
Throughflow
water infiltrates soil but some moves parallel to slope and emerges downslope to become overland flow
Effluent stream
water table higher than bed
Porosity
amount of open space between soil particles
Capillary water
available for animals to use
What source of runoff keep perennial streams flowing all year?
Baseflow
What does it mean when falling precipitation is "intercepted"?
It is caught on plants before reaching the surface
Transpiration
soil water taken up by plants and evaporated from surface of leaves
Aquifer
subsurface material that holds groundwater
Aquiclude
subsurface material with low permeability
Water table
upper limit of groundwater
Humid environments
use groundwater and it gets replaced by rainfall
Influent stream
water table below bed
Floods
when stream channel can't hold all the water
Groundwater
where all pore spaces filled with water
Permeability
ease with which water moves through soil
Dryland farming
farming in dry environment without irrigation
Runoff
flows downhill over surface
Sheetflow
flows in uniform sheet over surface
Intermittent stream
flows part of year because seasonally effluent
Hydrograph
graph of stream flow over time
Subsidence
groundwater helps hold up the surface
Vegetation tends to _______________ infiltration.
increase
Animals can increase infiltration by _______________________.
loosening soil
Arid environments
may not get replaced
Infiltration
precipitation seeps below the surface
Rill
small concentrated flow