Lecture final
Which of the following scenarios describe an ecological succession?
All of the above are examples of ecological succession
Which of the following features are used to identify chordates?
All of the above are features used to identify chordates.
Which of the following is a type of essential nutrient?
All of the above are types of essential nutrients.
Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait?
All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.
The cardiovascular system consists of ________.
All of these are parts of the cardiovascular system
All living things need carbon. How does most carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?
Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis
All living things need nitrogen. How does nitrogen enter the living portion of an ecosystem?
Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria
Which is the dominant greenhouse gas leading to global warming of the atmosphere?
CO2
Your thigh bone, the largest bone in your body, is called the ________.
femur
How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals?
0
Humans belong to the phylum ________.
Chordates
What is the role of the epithelium?
Helps protect the body from the external environment
Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome?
It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.
What is a population's carrying capacity?
Its maximum population size to remain stable
Which group of fishes evolved first (in other words, is most ancient)?
Jawless fishes
What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community?
Keystone species
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Mainly the exchange of oxgen and carbon dioxide gases..
Match the correct structure with its correct tissue.
Neurons make up the nervous tissue.
A community in ecology is defined as ________.
Populations from multiple species interacting in the same place
What is the role of the epiglottis?
Prevents food from entering the windpipe
What are the key characteristics of arthropods?
Segmented bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
What is chemical digestion?
The breakdown of food by enzymes
What is mechanical digestion?
The breakdown of food by enzymes
What is an ecological footprint?
The estimate of land and water required to sustain one person
What happens during diastole?
The heart muscles relax, allowing blood to flow into all chambers of the heart.
There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?
The hypothalamus
Compared to mammals and reptiles, what characteristic prevents amphibians from surviving far from water?
Their eggs do not have an amnion to prevent them from drying out.
A key characteristic of echinoderms is ________.
Their endoskeleton
What are hormones?
They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect target cells throughout the body.
What is the role of the villi?
To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract
What is the function of the lateral line system?
To detect movement in the surrounding water
What is the main role of kidneys?
To filter blood and remove toxins from it
What is the main role of T cells in the immune response?
To stimulate the production of immune cells
What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureters
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins are organic nutrients, while minerals are inorganic nutrients.
How do bony fish regulate buoyancy?
With an air-filled swim bladder
What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal?
You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.
What can a human population's age pyramid tell you about current and future needs?
all of the above
The urinary system ________.
all of the above are roles of the urinary system
A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a(n) ________.
consumer
Abiotic factors are ________.
nonliving components of an ecosystem
Which chordate trait evolved first?
skull and backbone
Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________.
small intestine
Most chordates are ________.
vertebrates
On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of Homo sapiens?
Africa
What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?
Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.
Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants?
Animals, but not plants, are heterotrophs
A person with carbohydrates A and B on the surface of their red blood cells will have which of the following blood types?
Blood type AB, as both A and B are present
Which group of fishes evolved most recently (in other words, is the youngest)?
Bony Fishes
Which of the following is human's closest living relative?
Chimpanzees
Which of the following is an organ system?
Circulatory system
Sponges are mostly found in ________.
Marine ecosystems
What do sponges and cnidarians have in common?
None of the above are characteristics that sponges and cnidarians share
What are ecological reservoirs?
Nonliving components of ecosystems where chemicals accumulate
An age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top would be indicative of ________.
a developing nation
A population in ecology is defined as ________.
a group of organisms, all from the same species
All vertebrates have ________.
a skull and backbone
To best assess the species diversity in one area, one should measure ________.
both the number of species and their relative abundance in the area
Which are the thinnest blood vessels?
capillaries
What is the main role of red blood cells?
carry oxygen
The body symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________.
fivefold symmetrical
In spermatogenesis, ________.
haploid sperms are produced
The urethra ________.
is a tube that conveys both urine and semen
An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.
living and nonliving things
Which growth model would you expect to see in a stable population?
logistic
Cheetahs are specialized hunters that stalk Thompson gazelles. This is an example of a ________ relationship.
predator-prey
Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________.
the dominant plants that live there
All mammals ________.
have mammary glands and hair
A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs would be categorized as a density-________ limiting factor.
independant
The main role of the liver is to ________.
produce bile, which helps the process of digestion
A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The grass is a ________.
producer
Primary consumers eat ________.
producers
What is the function of a fish's operculum?
protects gills
What are lymphocytes?
white blood cells
Which of the following is not a primate?
All are primates.
All of the following are abiotic factors within an ecosystem except________.
All of the above are abiotic factors.
What defines radial symmetry?
Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.
What is an amniotic egg?
Both A & C are correct
Which of the following statements about digestion is true?
Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach.
Where does the ovule meet the sperm that fertilizes it?
In the oviduct
Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches?
Marsupials
What is the main difference between monotremes and eutherians?
Monotremes lay eggs, while eutherians give birth to live young.
An invasive species is a species that ________.
Spreads rapidly outside its native range and causes damage
A dispersion pattern refers to ________.
the spacing of organism throughout a habitat
Which worm phylum lacks body segmentation?
Both flatworms and roundworms
How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures?
By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface
What are gonads?
Organs that produce gametes
Which brain structure controls the secretion of hormones in the rest of the body?
The hypothalamus
Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell?
The mantle
Plants rely on pollinators to reproduce, while pollinators rely on plants to provide nutrients. This is an example of ________.
mutualism
The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of ________ succession.
primary
Ecology is best defined as the study of ________.
the interactions between living organisms with eachother and their environments
Aquatic biomes are defined primarily by ________.
their salinity