Lesson 22 English (prim)

Read the sentences. Campus police warned against students walking alone at night. Denise thought there was no risk if she went home alone early in the evening. What is the best way to combine these sentences and show how they are related?

Campus police warned against students walking alone at night; however, Denise thought there was no risk if she went home alone early in the evening.

What strategies should you use to develop a rebuttal to a counterclaim in an argument essay?

Give a concession. Explain why the reasoning is flawed. Establish common ground.

Which statements are true regarding an independent clause?

It expresses a complete thought .It can stand alone as a complete sentence. It always contains a subject and a verb.

Read the passage from "Rivers and Stories," Part 2. The dam captured the flow of nutrient-rich silt that created Egyptian civilization so that it was no longer deposited downstream and made farmers dependent on chemical fertilizers. Why does the author include the phrase "dependent on chemical fertilizers"?

It implies that natural nutrients are beneficial and that chemical fertilizers have been harmful.

Read the passage from "President Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs." Recognizing the head start obtained by the Soviets with their large rocket engines, which gives them many months of lead-time, and recognizing the likelihood that they will exploit this lead for some time to come in still more impressive successes, we nevertheless are required to make new efforts on our own. How does the word exploit impact the meaning of the passage?

It provides a negative connotation because it implies that the Soviets will use their advantage against the US.

Which sentence uses a semicolon correctly?

John sat down in his seat just in time; the class bell had just rung.

Which sentences show the correct use of a semicolon with a conjunctive adverb?

Our garden hose sprang a leak on Friday; therefore, Dad bought a new one over the weekend. I gave up on playing the trombone; instead, I am trying out the flute.

Read the passage from "President Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs." Let it be clear—and this is a judgment which the Members of the Congress must finally make—let it be clear that I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action, a course which will last for many years and carry very heavy costs: 531 million dollars in fiscal '62—an estimated seven to nine billion dollars additional over the next five years. If we are to go only halfway, or reduce our sights in the face of difficulty, in my judgment it would be better not to go at all. How does Kennedy achieve the tone of the passage?

President Kennedy achieves a serious tone by using phrases such as "Let it be clear," "a firm commitment," and "very heavy costs."

Read the passage from "Rivers and Stories," Part 2. Rivers, of course, are like stories, and they are like stories that classical strictures on form would approve. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end. In between, they flow. Or would flow, if we let them. It's interesting to consider the fact that, in popular culture, in commercial television, what's happened to rivers has happened to stories. A dam is a commercial interruption in a river. A commercial is a dam impeding the flow of a story: it passes the human imagination through the turbine of a sales pitch to generate consumer lust. How does the author achieve the tone of the passage?

The author's use of figurative language creates a reflective tone.

Read the passage from "Rivers and Stories," Part 2. ... and even in all that noise it looked peaceful: greenish water; a strong, gentle current; reeds; palms; bankside banyans with their broad gleaming leaves; and, as if conjured from a late eighteenth century water color, the red lanteen sails of the felluccas, skimming upriver in a following breeze. What is the effect of the connotative words in this passage?

The connotative words convey a calm and positive aspect of the river that the author appreciates

Read the passage from "President Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs." I believe we possess all the resources and talents necessary. But the facts of the matter are that we have never made the national decisions or marshaled the national resources required for such leadership. We have never specified long-range goals on an urgent time schedule, or managed our resources and our time so as to insure their fulfillment. How does the repeated use of the word never affect the tone of the passage?

The repetition contributes to a regretful tone by emphasizing that the US failed to act in the past.

Which words or phrases show a cause-and-effect relationship?

as a result therefore

Read the definition. a connecting word or phrase that indicates a relationship between independent clauses Which term does this definition define?

conjunctive adverb

Which are appropriate to use in an argument essay to support your claim?

definitions quotations from experts

Checkpoint> What is a listless person most likely to do?

lie in bed all day

What is tone in writing?

the author's attitude toward the subject

What are purposes of using facts and data in your argument essay?

to prove that your claim is not based on your opinion to support your thesis statement

Which passage from "President Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs" provides the text with an urgent tone?

unless every scientist, every engineer, every serviceman, every technician