Lesson 28: ICD-10-CM

A callus, or ______, is an area of thickened skin. Regular or prolonged pressure or friction is the usual cause. Gardeners can develop calluses on the palms of their hands, joggers on the soles of their feet and guitarists on the tips of their fingers.

callosity

With _____ _____ _____, there is a skin reaction to something that has touched the skin at that site. The allergic reaction is often delayed, with the rash appearing 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Common allergens include natural rubber, metals (such as nickel), costume jewelry, perfume, cosmetics, hair dyes and plants, including poison ivy.

allergic contact dermatitis

gastrojejunal ulcer

an ulcer that occurs in the stomach and jejunum

_____ is characterized by stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint.

ankylosis

a deviation from the normal is an _____

anomaly

The skin also includes _____, which are structures that grow within the skin. skin _____ are the hair, nails and glands (sebaceous, apocrine and eccrine glands). The epidermis continually forms new cells in its deepest layer and sheds dead cells at its surface.

appendages

The _____is a worm-like appendage that branches off the large intestine at the cecum.

appendix

A form of arthropathy that involves inflammation of one or more joints is known as _____.

arthritis

Alcoholic hepatitis may occur with or without _____, or excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.

ascites

An _____ _____ is characterized by an overactive, misdirected immune system response that attacks one's own body.

autoimmune disease

kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

The epidermis, or cuticle, consists of _____ _____ _____ tissue.

stratified squamous epithelial

duodenal ulcer

ulcer located in the duodenum

gastric ulcer

ulcer located in the stomach

_____ _____ sunburns—Very serious sunburns, as there is damage to the muscle under the subcutaneous skin layer

Fourth degree

_____ are composed almost entirely of excessive blood pigment, sometimes with calcium deposits. _____ may lodge in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct which may lead to cholecystitis

Gallstones

_____ _____ occurs when there is a backflow of gastric acid from the stomach to the esophagus and, possibly, the pharynx.

Gastroesophageal reflux

_____ is a form of periodontal disease that involves inflammation of the gums.

Gingivitis

_____ is a condition in which the tongue is swollen and changes color, often making the surface of the tongue appear smooth.

Glossitis

_____ is a type of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in blood, and sudden burning, pain, stiffness and swelling occur in a joint.

Gout

_____ _____ form the major joint at each level of the spine. They cushion the vertebrae from the shock of weight-bearing movements by the rest of the body. They also allow the spine to bend.

Intervertebral discs

_____ _____ _____ (_____) is a disorder of the large intestine characterized by abdominal cramping and bloating along with diarrhea and/or constipation, which may be alternating.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

_____ _____ _____ results from coming in contact with a substance that directly damages the skin. Common offenders include harsh soaps, chemical solvents and cosmetics or skin products, including deodorant.

Irritant contact dermatitis

_____ _____ _____ (___) is the most common form of arthritis in children, and is characterized by pain, swelling and stiffness. JRA typically appears in children between the ages of six months and 16 years.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

_____ is an inflammation of the skin resulting from exposure to biologically effective levels of ionizing radiation.

Radiodermatitis

_____ _____ is defined as joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body—most often the intestines, genitals or urinary tract.2 Reiter's disease (M02.3) is a specific type of _____ _____ that typically affects the eyes and urethra, as well as the joints.

Reactive arthritis

_____ _____ sunburns—Require immediate medical attention, as the subcutaneous tissue and fat layers are damaged, which can lead to infection

Third degree

the _____ _____ transports bile into the duodenum.

biliary tract

_____ _____ _____, or hypertrophy of tongue papillae, is a temporary, harmless and painless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance.

black hairy tongue

A _____, on the other hand, is an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of furuncles, usually due to Staphylococcus aureus, which results in cell death.

carbuncle

The _____ is a large pouch at the beginning of the large intestine that receives waste material from the small intestine.

cecum

the _____is the first part of the colon (large intestine).

cecum

inflammation of the gallbladder is known as _____

cholecystitis

_____ involves calculus of the gallbladder or bile duct.

cholelithiasis

_____ is any disease of the cartilage

chondropathy

There are four fused coccygeal vertebrae, forming the _____.

coccyx

The _____, which is about six feet long, moves waste materials from the cecum to the rectum, absorbing water from the waste as it moves towards the rectum.

colon

_____ refers to pressure ulcers whose stage cannot be clinically determined, possibly because the ulcer is covered by eschar, or dead tissue.

Unstageable

_____, commonly known as hives, is characterized by raised, often itchy, red welts on the surface of the skin.

Urticaria

The _____ are the hard, calcified structures set in the alveolar processes of the mandible and the maxilla.

teeth

_____ (tophi), which is a deposit of crystallized uric acid.

tophus

There are _____ thoracic vertebrae, numbered T1 through _____

twelve, T12

A _____is a sac-like dilatation or outpouching through a weakened area in the intestinal wall. Diverticula may occur at any point within the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly appear in the sigmoid colon.

diverticulum

The first part of the small intestine is the _____, where the digested food is mixed with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. The duodenum is located between the pylori sphincter and the jejunum.

duodenum

The _____secretions regulate blood sugar. (endocrine or exocrine)

endocrine

The skin consists of a thick, outer layer called the _____ and a thicker, inner layer called the _____.

epidermis, dermis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (L51.1) is a type of _____ _____, which is a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to medication, infection or illness.

erythema multiforme

Inflammation, irritation or swelling of the esophagus is called _____.

esophagitis

The _____ is the portion of the digestive system that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. The function of the _____ is to efficiently transport food from the mouth to the stomach. Once the stomach receives food from the _____, it secretes acid and enzymes that digest the food.

esophagus

The _____ secretions consist of pancreatic juice and enzymes that help to aid digestion. (endocrine or exocrine)

exocrine

a _____ is a painful nodule formed in the skin; it is an inflammation of the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue that encloses a central core. The _____ is commonly known as a boil, and is caused by staphylococci that enter through the hair follicles.

furuncle

The _____is a small pouch just beneath the liver that stores bile for digestion.

gallbladder

Irregular patches on the surface of the tongue create a map-like appearance, known as _____ _____.

geographic tongue

A single, larger, scaling lesion known as the _____ _____ frequently precedes pityriasis rosea by about a week. The patch lasts about six to eight weeks. Then, the lesions occur and follow the crease lines of the skin. Spontaneous remission occurs in approximately eight weeks.

herald patch

A _____ is the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues that normally contain it.

hernia

_____ is the overdevelopment of the maxillary or mandible bone

hyperplasia

_____ is the UNDERDEVELOPMENT of the maxillary or mandible bone

hypoplasia

The _____, the final section of the small intestine, absorbs any nutrients that the jejunum did not absorb.

ileum

necrotic tissue is susceptible to infection, leading to a condition called _____ _____, which is a severe complication requiring aggressive treatment.

infected necrosis

An _____ _____ is a condition that usually affects the toenail, but it can affect the fingernail, as well. In this condition, the nail fold overgrows one edge of the nail, and a pus-forming lesion forms. _____ _____ are the result of faulty trimming of the nails or pressure from a tight shoe on the toenails.

ingrown nail

The _____is the large organ located on the right side of the abdomen, consisting of two large sections called lobes. The _____ filters blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body.

liver

The stratum _____ is present only in the thick skin of the palms and soles.

lucidum

The epidermis contains _____, the pigment that gives the skin color.

melanin

During the body's development, disorders associated with the teeth may arise, such as absence of teeth, _____ (splotching with patches of color) of the enamel and premature eruption or appearance of teeth.

mottling

peptic ulcer

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum or esophagus

The _____ _____ encompasses the cavity of the mouth and its associated structures, including the cheek, palate, oral mucosa, glands with ducts opening into the cavity, teeth and tongue.

oral cavity

While osteoporosis develops due to a decrease in the density of bone, a defect in the bone-building process results in _____

osteomalacia

The _____ _____ is the valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

pyloric sphincter

Repeated dislocation or subluxation of a joint is called _____

recurrent

The space between the peritoneum and the abdominal wall is the _____.

retroperitoneum

Systemic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can also lead to inflammation of the burse, which is known as _____ _____.

rheumatoid bursitis

Another complication associated with RA is the presence of _____ _____, which are firm, flesh-colored lumps that grow under the skin.

rheumatoid nodules

_____ is scaly, flakey, dry skin.

scales

The _____ _____ (___) connects the lower jaw to the skull; this joint is located just in front of the ears. The term _____ _____ (___) literally refers to the joint itself, but is also often used to describe disorders of the joint.

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

the _____ is a hammock-shaped tube where digestion occurs.

stomach

_____ is an inflammation of the mucous lining of any structures in the mouth, including the roof or floor of the mouth, cheeks, gums, tongue and lips. Poorly fitting dentures may cause this inflammation

stomatitis

layers of the epidermis

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

A fatigue or _____ fracture results from excessive physical activity, rather than from any specific injury or trauma.

stress

The _____ _____ is the layer of loose connective tissue located directly beneath the skin.

subcutaneous tissue

_____ is the result of too much sun exposure, as the ultraviolet rays damage the skin.

sunburn

the _____—the thin layer of tissue only a few cells thick—that lines the joints and tendon sheaths.

synovium

An _____ is a lesion on the mucous membrane that leads to destruction of the normal tissue lining. An _____ results from the action of gastric acid and pepsin on the gastric mucosa, which decreases its resistance to the _____.

ulcer

_____ _____ causes inflammation of the large intestine and the rectum, and is often associated with ulcers. To reduce inflammation, physicians will often prescribe corticosteroids. The cure for this condition is surgical removal of the colon.

ulcerative colitis

The spine is called the _____ _____ because it is composed of a stack of 33 vertebrae, which are divided into five distinct regions.

vertebral column

_____ fractures occur because of mechanical injury.

Traumatic

_____ _____ are associated with shallow erosion and minimal inflammation. They have a short duration and resolve quickly when the cause is identified and removed.

Acute ulcers

_____ _____ is an intensely painful inflammatory arthritis that typically affects a single joint.

Acute gout

_____ _____ disease is damage to the liver and its function due to alcohol abuse.

Alcoholic liver

_____ is an inflammation of the appendix. ______ begins when the opening from the appendix to the cecum becomes blocked. Bacteria, usually within the appendix, begin to invade the appendix wall, causing inflammation. The infection and inflammation can cause the appendix to rupture.

Appendicitis

_____means joint disease, and this section includes disorders affecting predominantly peripheral joints.

Arthropathy

_____ _____ _____ are autoimmune disorders characterized by the presence of blisters or erosions of the skin and mucous membranes.

Bullous skin disorders

_____ is inflammation of the bursa, which is a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between two surfaces that move in different directions.

Bursitis

_____ occur when muscles or tendons have become too tight for a long period of time, thus becoming shorter, which prevents full extension of the joint.

Contractures

_____, found in code block L03, is an acute, widely distributed, spreading, fluid-filled, pus-producing, suppurative inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and, sometimes, muscles. This condition may be associated with abscess or localized collection of pus formation.

Cellulitis

_____is the term that indicates inflammation of the biliary ducts.

Cholangitis

_____ _____ is defined as repeated episodes of pain and inflammation, which may involve more than one joint.

Chronic gout

_____are localized thickening of the skin. Continuous pressure over the bony areas of the foot, especially the metatarsal head, causes _____, frequently resulting in localized pain. Shoes that do not fit properly can cause _____.

Corns

_____ _____ is an ongoing inflammation of the pancreas. In addition to inflammation, scarring of the tissues in the pancreas occurs, resulting in an inability to produce sufficient enzymes for the digestion process. This, in turn, interferes with insulin production. The slow process of inflammation eventually destroys the pancreas. In fact, one acute pancreatitis attack may trigger the chronic form of pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis

_____ _____ are associated with a long duration and erode through the muscular wall with the formation of fibrous tissue. They are continuously present for many months or intermittently present throughout the person's lifetime.

Chronic ulcers

_____involves scarring of the liver and poor liver function, and is the final phase of chronic liver disease. This condition may be the result of alcohol abuse or, alternatively, may not be alcohol-related.

Cirrhosis

_____ _—The normal anteroposterior relationship of the mandible to the maxillae. The mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occludes in the buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar.

Class 1

_____ _—The posterior relationship of the mandible to the maxillae. The mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar.

Class 2

_____ _—The anterior relationship of the mandible to the maxillae may have a subdivision. The mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occludes distal to the buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar.

Class 3

_____ _____, or regional enteritis, is an inflammation in the intestines. This condition can occur anywhere in the GI tract, from the mouth to the end of the rectum. This chronic inflammation causes the intestinal wall to thicken. Medications can help to reduce inflammation. However, if medications are unsuccessful, a bowel resection may be necessary to remove the damaged or diseased intestines.

Crohn's disease

_____ _____ represent one of the most common diseases. _____ _____, or cavities, are caused by genetic or environmental factors, or both, that involve oral bacteria that erode the surface enamel of the tooth. The defect spreads down into the dentin, which becomes decalcified and disintegrates so that the bacteria spreads deep into the tooth and invades the pulp chamber.

Dental caries

_____means pertaining to the teeth, alveolar process and the face

Dentofacial

_____, or the lack of normal positioning, may also be called herniation.

Displacement,

_____is an inflammation of the diverticula. This condition may occur with or without a perforation or abscess, and with or without bleeding.

Diverticulitis

_____is a condition in which multiple diverticula are present.

Diverticulosis

_____ is a general term for diseases and disorders of the spine.

Dorsopathy

_____is a reddening of the skin due to inflammation.

Erythema

_____ is the process of removing the oldest dead skin on the skin's surface.

Exfoliation

_____ _____ sunburns—Injury to the epidermis, resulting in redness and, possibly, swelling and pain

First degree

Complications of ulcers include _____ (bleeding ulcers) and/or _____ (holes in the tissue lining)

Hemorrhages, perforations

_____ _____ _____ (___) is the term used to describe conditions that cause inflammation to the intestines. Abdominal cramps and pain, diarrhea, weight loss and bleeding from the intestine are symptoms of _____ _____ _____ (___).

Inflammatory bowel disease

_____ occurs when the teeth are not aligned properly

Malocclusion

_____ and _____ surfaces describe the smooth surface of the tooth

Mesial, distal

_____, also known as degenerative arthritis, is a noninflammatory degenerative joint disease in which the repair of joint cartilage does not keep up with cartilage degeneration. This condition tends to occur in the weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips.

Osteoarthritis

_____ _____ is a joint condition in which a piece of cartilage, along with a thin layer of the bone beneath it, comes loose from the end of a bone. This condition occurs most often in young men, particularly after a joint has been injured.

Osteochondritis dissecans

_____ is a disease that affects the progress of bone growth by killing bone tissue. It occurs only in children and adolescents whose bones are still growing.

Osteochondrosis

_____is an inflammation of the bone tissue and marrow that a pus-forming organism causes.

Osteomyelitis

_____ is any disease of the bone

Osteopathy

_____ is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, reducing its strength and resulting in fragile bones.

Osteoporosis

_____ disorders are conditions characterized by papules and scales.

Papulosquamous

_____ is also a blistering disorder caused by the autoimmune system. This condition is found in the layer below the epidermis, which is the dermis. These deeper blisters are tense, or rigid, and don't break easily.

Pemphigold

_____ _____, the most common type of pemphigus, is characterized by blisters that occur within the lower layer of the epidermis.

Pemphigus vulgaris

_____ _____ occurs when bacteria around the tooth cause plaque to form and calcify into tartar.

Periodontal disease

_____ _____ is an eruption of macules or papules on the trunk and, less frequently, on the extremities, scalp and face.

Pityriasis rosea

_____ _____ is a rare autoimmune disease featuring spontaneous inflammation of the arteries.

Polyarteritis nodosa

_____ is a common skin inflammation that involves the eruption of reddish, thick, dry, silvery-scaled skin, predominantly on the elbows, knees, scalp and trunk.

Psoriasis

_____, or inflammation of the root canal, affects the nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth, causing pain.

Pulpitis

_____means pus producing.

Pyogenic

_____ _____ (__) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation that affects the lining of the joints, causing painful swelling.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

_____ _____ (__) is a blood test that measures the amount of the RF antibody in the blood. This test is used to diagnose RA.

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

_____ _____ is a common chronic disease that affects about 15 percent of the U.S. population. The typical symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis are reddening, scaling and itching of the skin, especially under the nose, in the eyebrows and on the scalp. The skin becomes dry and begins to flake. On the scalp, this condition is known as _____.

Seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff

_____ _____ sunburns—Injury extends to the dermis and is characterized by blisters, redness, swelling and pain

Second degree

_____ _____ can be treated—but if the infection spreads to the root canal, abscesses and bone infection of the jaw can develop. This requires removal of the tooth.

Superficial caries

_____ _____ _____ (___) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue that can affect many organ systems. Characteristics of this disease include fever, weakness, muscle and joint pain, anemia and a "butterfly" rash around the cheeks and forehead.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

_____ _____ can result from clenching or grinding one's teeth, poor posture or the lack of relaxation or sleep. There are many symptoms related to this condition, including popping sounds, inability to fully open the jaw, jaw pain, headache, earache and toothache.

TMJ disorder

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Sudden inflammation that resolves quickly is _____ _____

acute pancreatitis

When the alcohol causes swelling and inflammation of the liver, it is considered _____ _____.

alcoholic hepatitis

IBS is caused by an interruption in the bowel movement process that results in the contents of the colon lacking movement (_____) or moving too fast (_____). Although this process causes discomfort, it does not damage the intestines, and should not be confused with IBD

constipation, diarrhea

_____ _____ is an acute or chronic inflammatory rash causing itching and redness. It is the result of skin contact with a specific allergen or irritant. There are two types of _____ _____: allergic _____ _____ and irritant _____ _____

contact dermatitis

There are _____ lumbar vertebrae, numbered L1 through _____

five, L5

There are _____ fused sacral vertebrae, numbered S1 through _____

five, S5

A _____ is a break or rupture in a bone.

fracture

The digestion process continues in the _____, where absorption begins—the body begins to receive nutrition from digested food.

jejunum

The _____ _____ consists of the cecum and colon, ending with the rectum.

large intestine

_____refers to the chewing surface

occlusal

_____, found in code block M87, is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints. With too little blood, the bone starts to die and may break down. This condition, also called avascular necrosis of the bone, may be idiopathic or caused by drugs or a previous trauma.

osteonecrosis

The _____plays an essential role in converting the food eaten into fuel for the body's cells. It produces two types of secretions: exocrine and endocrine secretions.

pancreas

When the pancreas is inflamed or infected, it is known as _____

pancreatitis

_____ are solid, raised spots on the skin

papules

A _____ dislocation occurs when the displacement is due to paralysis, synovitis, infection or another disease.

pathological

_____ or spontaneous _____ occur without major external trauma and are the result of the bone structure weakening by a pathological process, such as with osteoporosis and neoplasms.

pathological fractures

With _____ _____, on the other hand, the blisters form in the top layer. Because pemphigus is found in the epidermis, the blisters are soft, limp and easily broken.

pemphigus foliaceus

During appendicitis, the infection may be confined to the area that surrounds the appendix, forming a _____ _____.

peritoneal abscess

With appendicitis, Infection can also spread throughout the _____, or the lining of the abdominal cavity.

peritoneum

A _____ _____ is an area of skin that breaks down as the result of constant pressure, which reduces the blood supply, causing tissue in the area to die. This condition may also be known as bed sores, decubitis ulcers, plaster ulcers, pressure areas and pressure sores

pressure ulcer

There are _____ cervical vertebrae, numbered C1 through ____

seven, C1

The _____ _____, which is about 20 feet long, is the portion of the GI tract where all major digestive processes take place. It consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

small intestine