Lesson 4 Probabilty Dist.
If an outcome will definitely occur, what is its probability? 0 1 .01 .1
1
Permutations example 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, how many two-digit arrangements can you create?
5P2 = 5! / (5-2)! = 5x4x3x2x1/ (3x2x1) = 6
What is a contingency table used with? Neither nominal nor ordinal data. Both nominal and ordinal data Nominal data Ordinal data
Both nominal and ordinal data
A process that leads to the occurrence of an outcome.
Experiment
If you want to know the probability of at least one of two or more independent events occurring, what would you use? Special rule of addition General rule of multiplication Special rule of multiplication General rule of addition
General rule of addition
The concept that event A or event B includes events A and B
Inclusive
The occurrence of an event has no effect on the occurrence of another event.
Independent
Statistics that determine something about an entire group (population) based on looking at a part of the group (sample).
Inferential statistics
The probability of two or more events occurring.
Joint probability
When you have two or more sets of items from which you are choosing a grouping, what should you use? Combination Permutation Multiplication rule Multiplication formula
Multiplication formula
When the occurrence of one event prevents the other events from occurring
Mutually exclusive
Independent ( event has no effect on other event) Multiply formula
P(a and b) = P(a) X P(b)
Formula for probabilty
P= P(a)+P(b)
An arrangement of objects selected from a single group of objects is a what? Population Permutation None of the above Complement
Permutation
conditional probability
The probability that one event is affected by the occurrence of another event. P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A)
combinations formula:
nCr = n!/r!(n-r)!
The result of an experiment is a(n) _____. Outcome Probability Event None of the above
outcome
A box plot graphically includes the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles.
t
An illustration of an experiment is turning the ignition key of an automobile as it comes off the assembly line to determine whether or not the engine will start.
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An individual can assign a subjective probability to an event based on the individual's knowledge about the event.
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If there are "m" ways of doing one thing, and "n" ways of doing another thing, the multiplication formula states that there are (m) × (n) ways of doing both.
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The joint probability of two Events, A and B, that are not independent is computed as P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A).
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To apply the special rule of addition, the events must be mutually exclusive.
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joint probability measures the likelihood that two or more events will happen concurrently.
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If you toss a dice, what is the probability of getting the number 2 .50 1 2 .167
.167
What is the complement of 40%? 1 0 60% 40%
60%
Probability
A numeric value between 0 and 1, which represents the likelihood of an event occurring. Objective--> Probability is assigned based on experimental observations. Subjective--> Probability is assigned based on whatever information is available. At times, subjective probability is based on a hunch or an educated guess.
contingency table
A table used to classify data according to two characteristics. P(a and b) = P(a) x P(b|a)
What does a tree diagram display? Joint probabilities All possible outcomes All of the above Conditional probabilities
All of the above
permutations
An arrangement of objects selected from a single group of objects nPr = n!/ (n-r)! n= Number of elements r= Number of elements selected != Factorial of a number
Objective Probability breaks into
Classic--> Dice ( Deired outcomes/ total outcomes) Emperical is based on how frequently an event has occurred in the past.
What approach was used to solve the preceding question? None of the above Subjective Classical Empirical
Classical
An event occurs each time the experiment is conducted.
Collectively exhaustive
A selection of objects from a group of objects, in which the order of the selected objects does not matter.
Combination
When combining two items and the order is not important, you should use what type of formula? Combination Either of the above None of the above Permutation
Combination
The outcome or outcomes that do not occur when an experiment is conducted.
Complement
The probability that one event is affected by the occurrence of another event.
Conditional probability
A table used to classify data according to two characteristics.
Contingency table
A group of outcomes.
Event
If you want to know the probability of at least one of two or more mutually exclusive events occurring, what would you use? General rule of addition Special rule of addition Special rule of multiplication General rule of multiplication
Special rule of addition
To compute the probability of two or more independent events both happening, what would you use? General rule of addition Special rule of multiplication General rule of multiplication Special rule of addition
Special rule of multiplication
What is the purpose of a contingency table? Compute a complement Summarize observations Graphically display experimental results Compute probabilities
Summarize observations
inclusive.
The concept that event A or event B includes events A and B. Formula P(a or b) = P(a) + P(b) - P(a and B)
complement + Complement rule
The outcome or outcomes that do not occur when an experiment is conducted. P(compliment)= 1-P(event)
What is a tool of analysis that graphically shows the results of an experiment? Vern diagram Contingency table Tree diagram Venn diagram
Venn diagram
mutually exclusive.
When the occurrence of one event prevents the other events from occurring.
If two events are mutually exclusive, then P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
f add
A combination of a set of objects is defined by the order of the objects.
f order doesnt matter
