lifespan 8-15

New Nurturer Father

Late-twentieth-century, middle-class idea in Western countries that fathers should do hands-on nurturing and share the child care equally with wives

U shaped Curve of Marital Satisfaction

The most common pathway of marital happiness in the West, in which satisfaction is highest at the honeymoon, declines during the child-rearing years, then rises after the children grow up.

What is meant by the deinstitutionalization of marriage?

The phrase means that marriage has been transformed from the standard adult "institution" into a more optional choice.

Occupational Segregation

The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths

Extrinsic Career Rewards

Work that is performed for external reinforcers, such as prestige or a high salary

Intrinsic Career Rewards

Work that provides inner fulfillment and allows people to satisfy their needs for creativity, autonomy, and relatedness

Have today's fathers embraced the nurturer role?

Yes

10. Your best friend has been laid off from work. What would be the best thing to say to your friend?

You are an incredible hero to be coping with this stress.

2. Parenthood tends to make couples less intimate, less romantic. In addition, parenthood tends to produce more traditional marital roles, which can:

increase the frequency of conflicts related to marital equity.

9. When work provides inner fulfillment and allows a person to satisfy his or her needs for creativity, autonomy, and relatedness, the person's job is provides:

intrinsic career rewards.

Divorce can produce _____ growth and enhanced _____ feelings.

...emotional efficacy

What usually happens to men after a divorce?

...ther is tendency for dads to disengage from their families by not paying child support or perhaps not seeing the children at all.

How many couples report that having a child increased their marital satisfaction?

1 in 3 baby

What percent of American households are headed by single dads?

1 in 5

Peter has experienced his first bout of depression, and is within the normal range for when mental disorders such as depression reach their life peak. Peter is most likely ______ years old.

22

Traditional Stable Career

A career path in which people settle into their permanent life's work in their 20s and often stay with the same organization until they retire.

Role Overload

A job situation that places so many requirements or demands on workers that it becomes impossible to do a good job

Demand-Withdrawal Communication

A pathological type of interaction in which one partner, most often the woman, presses for more intimacy and the other person, most often the man, tends to back off.

Role Conflict

A situation in which a person is torn between two or more major sets of responsibilities - for instance, parent and worker - and cannot do either job adequately.

Family-work Conflict

A situation in which people -typically parents - are torn between the demands of family and work.

Consummate Love

According to Sternberg's theory, the most complete form of love, consisting of all three components-intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Who tends to have boundaryless careers?

Adults...

How has time changed perceptions of the role of husbands as breadwinners?

Because of the womens movement, men havent been the only breadwinners.

Lifespan Theory of Careers

Donald Super's identification of four career phases: moratorium in adolescence and emerging adulthood; establishment in young adulthood; maintenance in midlife; and decline in late life.

T or F: For most couples, marriage satisfaction decreases after children leave home.

F

T or F: Having children makes a marriage stronger.

F

T or F: Scandinavian adults are anti-marriage.

F

T or F: The traditional stable career is still the norm for men.

F

T or F: Today's mothers are spending less time with their children than their counterparts did a generation ago.

F

T or F: Interest in getting married has declined in the United States.

F, its the same.

Marital Equity

Fairness in the "work" of a couple's life together. If a relationship lacks equity, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction.

How do men compare to women in the amount of care they typically provide?

Fathers are doing more than the past, their involvement is skewed toward play activities, particularly of the rough-and-tumble, sic flags kind. Dads are often more involved with their sons than daughters.

What should couples do to stay happily married for life?

Have a sense of being committed, be dedicated to your partner, be able to sacrifice for your partner and be able to forgive your partner (using reciprocity). preserve intimacy and passion by sharing activities, Be very, very positive after you get negative. Avoid getting personal when you fight. Be sensitive to your partners need for space.

How can women be crucial "gatekeepers"?

If wives are discouraging or set impossibly high standards, they put up serious barriers to their husbands hads on care.

How does culture affect men's and women's roles in marriage?

In the middle easy while women are allowed to get married, when they have kids or whenever a man asks them to be a house wife, they will have to obey since equality is non existant in those cultures. Moreover while divorce is possible, the divorce is usally because the man wanted to end it, if a women wanted adivorce it would be harder to get it done. Women in the mdidle east do not necessarly just look for love to get married.

How does culture affect the deinstitutionalization of marriage?

Moreover whileIn the middle east, divorce is possible and it is uslaly because a man wanted to end it, if a women wanted adivorce it would be harder to get it done. Women in the mdidle east do not necessarly just look for love to get married. In scandanavia having a child with a person is irrelavent to getting married. Moreover, cohabitation rates outpace marriage. Most people have ever do end up getting married sooner or later

Summarize the motherhood experience.

Mother hood is wonderful and terrible. It evokes the most uplifting emotions and offers painful insights into the self such as seeing how angry of a person you really are. Mother to child relationships also are bidirectional and an easy baby might make a women happier as apposed to a loud baby that might make a mom angry and stressed. Moreover, motherhood varies from child to child ( their are favorite kids) and it varies from minute to minute.

Who tends to have bottom-line responsibility for the children?

Mothers

How does becoming parents affect a marriage?

Parenthood makes couples less intimate and less hapy. Parenthood produces more traditional (and potentially conflic-ridden) martial roles.

Triangular Theory of Love

Robert Sternberg's theory that three components (intimacy, passion, and commitment), in various combinations, can explain all the forms of human love.

T or F: Having children tends to reinforce gender roles.

T

T or F: Mothers of young children report the lowest levels of day-to-day happiness.

T

T or F: Single mothers spend as much time with their children as married women do.

T (especially in child cognition stimulating activities)

Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman of childbearing years will have in her lifetime at the current rate for her country.

Deinstitutionalization of Marriage

The decline in marriage and the emergence of alternate family forms that occurred during the last third of the twentieth century

Why do today's fathers face a confusing set of contradictory demands?

They are expected to be strict and nurturing so fathers dont know what guidelines to impose. . *noteworthy fact: father do not slack off since they spent the same amount of time "sacrificing" fro the family as mothers do.

Boundryless Career

Today's most common career path for Western workers, in which people change jobs or professions periodically during their working lives.

What four communication styles predict relationship problems?

When the ratio of positive to negative interactions dips well below 5 to 1 Expressions of contempt for a partner are poisonous to married life When one person regularly pushes for emotional involvement and the other tries to back off.

What is the significance of the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction?

after marriage satisfation dips to a low point then couples could expect to get happier once the children leave.

How has the institution of marriage changed throughout history?

at first we believed that we should only be with one mate in which we would have babies with that mate and stay with that mate no matter what. Moreover, people used to be with their mate for shorter amounts of times since people lived shorter lives. Because of the 1960 lifestyle revolutions, we rejected the diea that people should stay in an unhappy marriage. we allowed divorces, having babies while not being married to a person and we now even have the option to choose not to get married at all.

Workers in the United States are looking for _____ _____ _____.

autonomy, nurturing and relatedness

Why has the workday expanded?

because the competitive pressure and reinforcements favor working longer hours. Furthermore since companies have let more people go everyone must work well into dinnertime to cover the jobs demands. Also sometimes we are working by being on the phone at home.

3. Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who actively chose not to have a child. Based on research cited in your text, Marcia is likely to report ______ as people her age who are parents.

being just as happy

5. The world portrays motherhood as:

blissful and unrealistically positive.

6. Jeffrey changes jobs about every 4 years. Jeffrey has a ______ career path.

boundaryless

What is a result of greater job insecurity?

boundaryless careers, unemployment

What difficulties can non-custodial fathers face?

can lead to anxieties about your relationship with the child and can make it hard to be a real dad. Sometimes they can even construct new relationships to make up for those they may have e lost (eg step kids)

4. Rachel and Geoffrey are new parents. If they are like most couples, their marital happiness ______ after this life change.

decrease

Intimacy plus commitment produces _______ marriages.

companionate

8. Richard has an interest in manipulating data and getting things organized. His friends are always asking him to help them organize their finances and paperwork for taxes. Richard is considering a career as an accountant, which would fit with Holland's personality type known as:

conventional.

What advice would you give expectant parents?

don't expect romantic feelings about each-other to stay the same. Try to agree on who is going to do what around the house but understand that you may fall into more traditional roles. Work on your communications skills before the baby arrives. FOR MOTHERS understand that you cant be the perfect mother, accept it. Don't think you could make a perfect child so just focus on enjoying and loving your child as he is Don't think just because your are working outside the house means you cant be an involved mother. FOR FATHERS understand that your role is full of contradictions and understand that you cant be the perfect dad do what makes you feel comfortable but also be flexible and responsive to the needs of your partner and the conditions of your life Know your priorities (like lets say being the breadwinner is the most important priority for you) and discuss them with your partner.

1. To rekindle romance in a relationship, a couple should:

engage in stimulating activities that they both enjoy.

9. Work that is motivated simply by reinforcers such as prestige or a high salary is being performed for ______ rewards.

extrinsic career

When 18-year-old Karl attends a meeting with his guidance counselor as part of his mandatory high school graduation requirements, the counselor asks Karl what his plans are for the next few years. Karl replies that he has always known that he would be working in his father's carpentry business, as his father told him he should. Karl's identity status is:

foreclosure

When Frank is asked what his religious affiliation is, he replies that he is Methodist. When asked "why" or how he came to understand his religion, he replies "I have just always been Methodist—and my mom and dad would be upset if I was anything else". Franks' identity status is:

foreclosure

What is the best predictor of how a marriage will be impacted by having a child?

from looking at the pre baby relationship. eg their atachment styles and their behavior towards eachother.

What has happened to fertility rates in many affluent regions of the world? Why?

its declining. and because they don't have the financial resources, their are income inequalities, their is very little government support, and sometimes society might prize material wealth more than kids.

What are the current marriage prerequisites for most Americans? How does these impact low-income adults?

its important to have a solid sense of identity and to be financially secure. It harder for them to move from living together to getting enageged even if they truly love eachother.

How does a developmental systems theory perspective explain father involvement?

look at how a man views his role (do i have to be the primary breadwinner, if so it will take time away from the family), see how his wife reacts when her husband assumes "female" child care jobs. Expect heavier involvement when a man has sons and his wife is working full time. Understand, however, that when women are doing all the bread-winning, men may feel more uncomfortable taking on a full time nurturing tole.

Which countries have the lowest rates?

lowest fertility rates from lowest to highest affluent asian countries (SK), then southermost europe (spain, italy) then russia then western europe (denmark, france, netherlands and then the U.S .

What factors predict how involved a given father is likely to be?

mans gender role conceptions, a couples nonchild-care demands and the attitudes of the partner in the parenthood duet

7. Jason is a real people person. He hates to work alone. According to John Holland, Jason needs to:

match his career to his social personality.

What is the NSCW poll and what did it find?

national survey of the changing workforce found that we are working more than we did before and that even though we have "40 hour work weeks" we usually put in about 49 hours on average.

3. Despite being ecstatic about the birth of her newborn son John, Gracie says that her day-to-day happiness is at an all-time low. Based on the findings of surveys with mothers of young children, Gracie's experience is:

normal.

6. Jerry is a chemist and his wife is a secretary at the local university. The phrase that best fits this career profile is:

occupational segregation.

8. The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:

occupational segregation.

Romantic love combines the qualities of ______ and ______.

passion and intimacy

The ideal consummate love combines _______, _______, and _______.

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Describe and give an example of each of Holland's six personality types.

realistic type: Like manipulating machinery, working with tools, being outside and like physical activity Jobs: repairs, construction. Investigative type: like research, analyzing information, and collecting data Jobs: scientific career Artistic style: like to express themselves Jobs: decorator, dancer, musician or writer. Social Type: like interacting with other people Jobs: physician, bartender, social worker. Entrepreneurial type: like like to lead and enjoy working on organizational goals Jobs: company manager or in sales Conventional type: manipulating data and getting things organized Jobs accountant, administrative assistant or clerk

How do role overload and role conflict contribute to dissatisfaction?

role overload is having too much to do to do an effective job and role conflict is being torn between competing life demands

10. Rhonda's co-worker just quit and her boss is "spreading out" all of the responsibilities of the lost position to those that are still at the company, since they are unable to hire someone to fill the position. Rhonda is already swamped with her own case loads. She fears that these demands and requirements being placed on her are going to cause her to experience:

role overload.

Tracey has many major positions she has held during her lifetime: she has been a mother, spouse, daughter, grandmother, and student. Developmentalists refer to these jobs as:

roles

1. Kathryn and James know each other quite well after having dated for 2 years. They both feel passionately towards each other. But they are not yet ready to commit to marriage. Sternberg would describe this couple as experiencing ______ love.

romantic

What can be done to revitalize a marriage?

the trick is to simply continue to engage in the flow-inducing, self expansion activities that brought couples together in the first place. Moreover, keeping "growth experiences" within a marriage helps keep marital passion alive and sharing your flow states with a mate.

Joan is 34-years-old and after breaking up with her boyfriend of 5 years, has been dating different people. She is depressed and concerned that her initial plans to get married and have children by the age of 35 will not happen. This inner timetable directing Joan's ideas about which life activities are appropriate at certain ages is called her:

social clock

2. Jonas has a strong commitment to his wife of 20 years. Jonas has all of the following qualities EXCEPT:

the ability to forgive. the willingness to sacrifice for his spouse. a commitment to his partner's inner growth. Except: a tendency to take negative comments personally.

What is Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

the belief that we could break adult love relationships into three components: passion (sexual arousal). intimacy (feeling closeness), and commitment (typically marriage, but also exclusive, lfeilong cohabiting relationships).

4. Factors that influence a man's hands-on fatherhood activities include all of the following EXCEPT:

the extent to which the man accepts traditional views of women's and men's roles. Except: the way in which the man was treated as a child. the wife's expectations and behaviors, whether she welcomes or puts barriers to his hands care. the non-childcare demands of each spouse—meaning how many hours each partner works.

What is Holland's classic theory about finding career fulfillment?

the key is to match your job to your personality

What are some advantages of a less-structured career path?

they are not locked into a single occupations, they have mre freedom to flexibly shift their careers and find satisfying, flwo induced work

What is often symptomatic of marriages where one partner has an affair?

they get a divorce and they had already stopped loving eachother but of course an affair widens the emotional chasm that already exists

How do societal expectations contribute to stress in motherhood?

they set up an unrealistic ideal of how a motherhood ought to be. Mothers sometimes think they don't meet the expectation that society demands of them and they berate themselves.

7. Married women are more likely:

to be all of the items listed.

5. The career path in which people settle into their permanent professions when they are young and stay until they retire is known as a(n) ______ career path.

traditional stable

Marriage, parenthood, and career are ______, interlocking roles.

tri directional

What do you think will be the next important change in married life?

ts going to be more common to get divorced and have babes with people that youll never marry.

What is demand-withdrawal communication?

when someone wants to talk and be affectionate and the other person doesn't allow them in.

When can extrinsic career rewards be important?

when you have families, or other situations like low income people who NEED the money

How do women's career paths differ from men's?

women have more erratic, less continuous "careers" (specially when they have kids and have to devote themselves to motherhood), wives may see their work role as secondary to a spouse

How do ideal work environments compare to ideal school environments?

workplace has to be ideal