Lifespan Ch 15-17

A new finding that Canadian older adults who were more physically active had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction than their physically inactive counterparts supports which theory of aging? A. Activity theory B. Socioemotional selectivity theory C. Disengagement theory D. Selective optimization with compensation theory

A. Activity theory

Which of the following is Kübler-Ross's third stage of dying? A. Denial and isolation B. Acceptance C. Bargaining D. Anger

C. Bargaining

. _____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible. A. Asylum B. Hospital stay C. Hospice D. Compassionate care

C. Hospice

_____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning. A. Last request B. Dying will C. Living will D. Easy death order

C. Living will

. According to research on loneliness among older adults, who is predicted to experience the greatest loneliness? A. David, 79 years old, married B. Clara, 73 years old, married C. Thomas, 72 years old, whose wife died last year D. Maria, 74 years old, whose husband died last year

C. Thomas, 72 years old, whose wife died last year

. In which of the following states is active euthanasia NOT considered a crime? A. Nevada B. Texas C. Washington D. New York

C. Washington

With age: A. brain weight decreases; brain volume does not decrease. B. brain volume decreases; brain weight does not decrease. C. both brain weight and brain volume decrease. D. neither brain weight nor brain volume decreases.

C. both brain weight and brain volume decrease.

Chapter 17 A flat electroencephalogram (EEG) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of: A. rigor mortis. B. euthanasia. C. brain death. D. paralysis.

C. brain death.

There is considerable research evidence showing _____ increases the lifespan of laboratory animals. A. vitamin restriction B. calorie overload C. calorie restriction D. protein-restricted diet

C. calorie restriction

Explicit memory is also called _____ memory. A. collective B. procedural C. declarative D. false

C. declarative

Everyone thinks Tom's mother "died peacefully in her sleep." Actually Tom knows she ended her life by slitting her wrists. He is distressed over the way she died, but he cannot bring himself to talk about it. Tom is experiencing: A. clinical grief. B. tormented grief. C. disenfranchised grief. D. complicated grief.

C. disenfranchised grief.

A study of the five personality factors in older adults found that more severe depression was associated with all the following EXCEPT: A. lower conscientiousness. B. lower agreeableness. C. higher neuroticism. D. lower extraversion.

C. higher neuroticism.

The _____ portions of the brain often die sooner than the _____ portions. A. lower; higher B. lower; middle C. higher; lower D. middle; lower

C. higher; lower

A "good death" involves all of the following EXCEPT: A. acceptance. B. support from loved ones. C. not feeling like a burden to others. D. appropriate medical care.

C. not feeling like a burden to others.

Successful aging is related to three main factors: A. assortment, enhancement, and remuneration. B. reorganization, compensation, and optimization. C. selection, optimization, and compensation. D. remuneration, selection, and enhancement.

C. selection, optimization, and compensation.

Perceptual speed shows considerable decline in late adulthood and is strongly linked with declines in: A. selective attention. B. semantic memory. C. working memory. D. divided attention.

C. working memory.

. Which of the following is TRUE of the American attitude toward death? A. Americans consider death of the biological body as the end of existence. B. Americans do not believe in a spiritual body that lives on after death. C. Belief in reincarnation is a defining aspect of the American belief about death. D. Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

D. Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

For a terminally ill person, which of the following can be the most useful benefit of denying one's imminent death? A. Denial allows the person to fully address the issue of death. B. Denial helps shield family members from negative feelings. C. Denial encourages the person to further develop his or her understanding of what will happen after death. D. Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.

D. Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.

. Which of the following statements about hospice care is TRUE? A. Hospice care emphasizes the need to limit the administration of painkillers to terminally ill patients. B. Hospice care mainly emphasizes efforts to cure an illness. C. Hospice care focuses on efforts to prolong life. D. Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

D. Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

. In which of the following countries is cremation the most popular? A. United States B. Mexico C. Canada D. Japan

D. Japan

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75 to 84 and 85 and over age groups? A. Cardiovascular disease B. Kidney disease C. Cancer D. Hypertension

A. Cardiovascular disease

A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. Decreased quality of care at the end of life B. Decrease in life-sustaining treatment C. Increase in hospice use D. Decrease in hospital use

A. Decreased quality of care at the end of life.

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying? A. Denial and isolation B. Bargaining C. Acceptance D. Depression

A. Denial and isolation

Which of the following is Kübler-Ross's fourth stage of dying? A. Depression B. Acceptance C. Bargaining D. Anger

A. Depression

Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory, episodic memory, and aging is TRUE? A. Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults. B. Older adults are usually unable to retrieve semantic information. C. Episodic memory and semantic memory remain unchanged in older adults. D. Older adults can retrieve semantic information from long ago but not from the recent past.

A. Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.

A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. Increase in the number of medical procedures performed B. Decrease in life-sustaining treatment C. Increase in hospice use D. Decrease in hospital use

A. Increase in the number of medical procedures performed

Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia? A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug B. Turning off a respirator C. Removing a heart-lung machine D. Stopping antibiotics

A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

Chapter 15 . _____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live. A. Life expectancy B. Life span C. Longevity D. Life extension

A. Life expectancy

Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair? A. Life review B. Identity resolution C. Life regrets D. Struggle for independence

A. Life review

. Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with _____, while reduction in acetylcholine is linked with _____. A. Parkinson disease; Alzheimer disease B. Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease C. cardiovascular disease; lung cancer D. lung cancer; cardiovascular disease

A. Parkinson disease; Alzheimer disease

. _____ was more strongly linked to telomere length. A. Spousal support B. Community support C. Support from adult children D. Support from neighbors

A. Spousal support

. Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as: A. ageism. B. adultism. C. racism. D. adultcentrism.

A. ageism.

Brain death occurs when: A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. B. a person remains unconscious for a specified period of time. C. the lower regions of the brain stop functioning. D. the body loses the ability to breathe on its own.

A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

. According to Kübler-Ross, in the _____ stage of dying, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained. A. anger B. bargaining C. acceptance D. isolation

A. anger

Most psychologists believe that it is best for dying individuals to: A. be unaware of their condition. B. limit their interaction with others. C. know that they are dying. D. distance themselves from family and friends.

A. be unaware of their condition.

Cynthia is 91 years old. Her optic nerves have been damaged due to buildup of fluid in the eye. The doctor has told her that her condition can be treated with eye drops. The disease that has impaired Cynthia's vision is: A. glaucoma. B. cataracts. C. retinopathy. D. macular degeneration.

A. glaucoma.

. A recent study found that older adults with _____ levels of education had better cognitive functioning. A. higher B. lower C. private D. public

A. higher

All of the following are associated with older adults using the Internet EXCEPT: A. increased depression. B. greater ease meeting people. C. feeling less isolated. D. feeling more connected.

A. increased depression.

According to research, decrease in cognitive functioning of older adults was linked to: A. loneliness and isolation. B. aerobic exercise. C. mindfulness training. D. marriage.

A. loneliness and isolation.

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various types of training in improving working memory in older adults. These studies provide evidence for the ______ of working memory in older adults. A. plasticity B. rigidity C. sharpness D. failure

A. plasticity

. In general, research suggests that physicians have a(n) ______ attitude toward advance directives. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. impartial

A. positive

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory. A. schematic B. functional C. normative D. semantic

A. schematic

. At the family dinners Peggy is getting to the age where she is overwhelmed by all the noise and chaos around her. She tries to ignore it and have a conversation, but her _____ attention isn't strong enough to filter out all the distractions. A. selective B. perceptive C. inductive D. sustained

A. selective

Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with: A. separation anxiety. B. stranger anxiety. C. generalized anxiety. D. palliative care.

A. separation anxiety.

. Sometimes euthanasia is called: A. "honor killing." B. "mercy killing." C. "quick death." D. "violent death."

B. "mercy killing."

. Lung capacity drops _____ between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present. A. 20% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60%

B. 40%

. Which of the following MOST resembles the grieving process? A. A year-long period of major depressions B. A roller coaster ride of emotions C. An orderly progression of stages D. A period of negative feelings that lasts around three months

B. A roller coaster ride of emotions

Agnes is working on improving her cardiac functioning by healthy eating, exercise, and watching her weight. She knows that this is one of the best strategies to lower her risk of _____. A. waiting too long to retire B. Alzheimer disease C. financial difficulties D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

B. Alzheimer disease

_____ reminiscence therapy has been found to reduce depressive symptoms and perceived stress. A. Realistic-focused B. Attachment-focused C. Fantasy D. Generational

B. Attachment-focused

. _____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning. A. Parkinson disease B. Dementia C. Schizophrenia D. Alzheimer disease

B. Dementia

. _____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood. A. Glaucoma B. Diabetes C. Arthritis D. Kidney disease

C. Arthritis

. Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules? A. Cellular clock theory B. Free-radical theory C. Telomerase-injection theory D. Hormonal stress theory

B. Free-radical theory

. Which of the following are regions of the adult human brain where neurogenesis has been documented? A. Amygdala and cerebellum B. Hippocampus and olfactory bulb C. Prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus D. Hypothalamus and temporal lobes

B. Hippocampus and olfactory bulb

Chapter 16 Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development? A. Generativity vs. stagnation B. Integrity vs. despair C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Intimacy vs. isolation

B. Integrity vs. despair

Frank, age 59, and Kai, age 28, work at the same accounting firm. Based on their age, what would researchers predict regarding absenteeism? A. Frank will miss more work than Kai. B. Kai will miss more work than Frank. C. Both will miss work often. D. Neither are likely to miss work.

B. Kai will miss more work than Frank.

. Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE? A. Cohabiting older adults were more likely to receive partner care than married older adults, as per latest research B. Research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts. C. Cohabiting older adults were more likely to have plans to marry their partner than cohabiting young adults. D. Older adults cohabit primarily for financial reasons.

B. Research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts.

. Which of the following were considered to be clear signs of death 25 years ago? A. A flat electroencephalogram (EEG) reading for a specified period of time B. The end of certain biological functions C. The end of electrical activity in the brain D. The lack of response to sensory stimuli

B. The end of certain biological functions

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory? A. Being at a grocery store and remembering what you wanted to buy B. Typing on the computer while talking to a friend C. Being able to name the capital of Illinois D. Recounting the events of a movie you have seen

B. Typing on the computer while talking to a friend

Shelly is aware that she is in her last days. She has a sense of peace and has come to terms with what is about to happen. She is experiencing Kübler-Ross's stage of: A. anger. B. acceptance. C. bargaining. D. depression.

B. acceptance.

. According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals peaks in: A. middle and late adulthood. B. adolescence and early adulthood. C. early childhood. D. infancy.

B. adolescence and early adulthood.

Researchers have found that poverty in late adulthood is linked to: A. an increase in longevity. B. an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults. C. greater sexual activity. D. an increase in marital and life satisfaction.

B. an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults.

. Prolonged grief disorder is also known as: A. depressive grief. B. complicated grief. C. abnormal grief. D. extended grief.

B. complicated grief.

A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of _____ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood. A. agreeableness B. conscientiousness C. neuroticism D. extraversion

B. conscientiousness

All of the following are associated with reminiscence therapy in older adults EXCEPT: A. increased self-esteem. B. increased physical mobility. C. increased psychological well-being. D. increased mental health.

B. increased physical mobility.

. The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as: A. curative care. B. palliative care. C. terminal care. D. compassionate care.

B. palliative care.

One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was: A. increased preoccupation with regrets. B. reduced responsiveness to regrets. C. moderate productivity. D. engaging in prolonged periods of sedentary lifestyle.

B. reduced responsiveness to regrets.

. According to your textbook, grief encompasses all of the following EXCEPT: A. despair. B. relief. C. sadness. D. depression

B. relief.

The term _____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant. A. divided attention B. selective attention C. attention deficit D. sustained attention

B. selective attention

. When the house is quiet, Lucy's grandmother can knit for hours. She uses ____ attention to keep up counting and changing stitches. A. selective B. sustained C. divided D. executive

B. sustained

. What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress? A. Younger people have a slower restorative process after a stressful episode. B. Younger people have better coping strategies for dealing with stress. C. The process of aging increases the pituitary gland's response to stress, making it work harder. D. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

D. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods

Mr. Dalton has a disease that is characterized by muscle tremors, slow movement, and partial facial paralysis. The doctors have told his family that the disease is chronic and progressive in nature. Which of the following conditions does Mr. Martin most likely have? A. Alzheimer disease B. Multi-infarct syndrome C. Lewy body dementia D. Parkinson disease

D. Parkinson disease

. Why, according to the socioemotional selectivity theory, do older adults deliberately increase the time spent with close friends and family members? A. They crave financial security. B. They want to maximize emotional risks. C. They cannot communicate effectively with new individuals. D. They place a high value on emotional satisfaction.

D. They place a high value on emotional satisfaction.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that predicts high status for the elderly in a culture? A. Whether older people control key community resources B. Whether the extended family is a common family arrangement C. Whether older people are permitted to engage in useful functions D. Whether older people have had a large number of children

D. Whether older people have had a large number of children

An advanced directive/living will must be signed when: A. at least two medical professionals are present. B. a doctor and a lawyer are present. C. an individual is told he or she has a life-threatening condition. D. an individual is able to think clearly.

D. an individual is able to think clearly.

Researchers have found all of the following to be true of sleep in older adults except that they: A. have trouble going back to sleep after waking up. B. sleep lighter. C. wake up often during the night. D. fall asleep quickly.

D. fall asleep quickly.

. Emilio is facing imminent death. Consistent with a recent study of Canadians in a similar situation, given a choice, the LEAST desirable place he would choose to die is: A. at home. B. in a hospice/palliative care facility. C. in a hospital. D. in a nursing home.

D. in a nursing home.

Older adults remember _____ when compared to that of younger adults. A. about the same amount of positive and negative information B. much more negative information C. slightly more negative information D. more positive information

D. more positive information

. Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts: A. six hours. B. six days. C. six weeks. D. six months.

D. six months