LIN 230 Final

C

. In Persian, zibaa means 'beautiful' and zibaatar means 'more beautiful'. The Persian suffix - tar is related to (cognate with) the English suffix -er (as in taller, quicker, better) because Persian and English are both _________________ languages. a. ancient b. grammatical c. Indo-European d. beautiful

B

. India has ___________ official languages. a. 2 b. 22 c. 200 d. 2200

T

. Language change is regular.

B

..... was the first language of north Africa. a. Egyptian b. Berber c. Arabic d. Hebrew

D

1. Which statement is WRONG about writing? Writing is: a technology b. a system c. permanent d. core to language

D

10. Language families are NOT recognized through a. historical reconstruction b. their cognate (similar) words c. similar writing systems d. geographical boundaries

B

10. Which is not a kind of Persian? a. Dari b. Pashto c. Farsi d. Tajik

B

3. Which writing system is NOT characterized by syllables in any way? a. Morpho-syllabary b. Abjad c. Abugida d. Syllabary

D

6. Chinese is related to a. Japanese b. Korean c. Vietnamese d. None of the above

A

8. What does "Ex nihilo" mean & which one is a good example of that? a. Coming from nothing, Mayan b. Coming from nothing, Phoenician c. Already existing, Chinese c. Already existing, Sumerian

B

9. Which language family was the first to be proposed/discovered? a. Austronesian b. Indo-European c. Nylotic d. Finno-Ugric

T

ABJAD is an ALPHABETical system without vowels

T

According to the common view, Indo-Iranian languages are divided into Indic and Iranian

T

Algonquian is an Algic language

F

All Afro-Asiatic languages have tones. a. True b. False

F

Anatolian languages are the same as Turkic languages

T

Ancient Egyptian is an Afro-asiatic language.

Abjad

Arabic and hebrew scripts are classified as

They might be considered as single words; that is because they have a stem and a set of affixes that make the word longer.

Are the long structures in Eskimo languages (or in Turkish) a word or separate words? Give one reason for your answer.

F

Austronesian languages are not morphologically complex

T

Austronesian languages follow a VOS word order.

A

Avestan is the language of .... a. Zoroastrian rituals b. Coptic rituals c. Quran d. Jewish rituals

F

Belarusian is a west Slavic language.

T

Chinese characters represent words not ideas.

T

Classical Sanskrit is written in the Devanagari script.

T

Coptic is derived from the Greek word for Egypt

T

Hebrew is the only large-scale language revival in the world

T

Hebrew, Arabic, Persian & Urdu are all using the same type of writing system

T

Hindustani is the spoken form of Urdu and Hindi.

F

Hittite, which is a member of the Anatolian language family, is nowadays spoken in Turkey

T

Khoisan languages typically use clicks

T

Korean, Mongolian and Turkish are from the same language family.

T

Language is as old as Homo sapiens.

A

Na-Dene languages originated in a. The far north of Canada b. New Mexico c. Montana d. Colombia

- Persian is an Indo-European (Indo-Iranian) language, Arabic is a Semitic language. - Persian is mostly SOV, Arabic is mostly SVO.

Name one difference between Persian and Arabic

- the use of a noun class system - the majority of Niger-Congo languages are tonal - the common word order is: SVO

Name two characteristics of Niger-Congo languages.

F

Pashto and Persian are the same language

T

Roots and patterns are characteristic properties of Semitic languages.

C

Sanskrit is the language of sacred scriptures of which religion? a. Zoroastrian b. Islamic c. Hindu d. Christian

F

Speech is 5000 years old

A

Swahili is a _______________ language. a. Niger-Congo b. Semitic c. Indo-Iranian d. Algonquian

D

The Austronesian language family is a. spoken mostly in Australia b. polysynthetic c. very young d. the most geographically widespread

C

The Cherokee writing system is: a. an original writing system b. an affected writing system c. inspired by the English writing d.essentially the same as English writing

F

The Native languages of North America are all from one language family.

A

The language that has the largest number of noun classes (genders) is a. Swahili b. Pashto c. Persian d. Spanish

D

The most widely spoken Native American language in Latin America is .... a. Navajo b. Athabaskan c. Mohawk d. Quechua

T

There were 9 morpho-syntactic cases in Proto-Indo-European

A

What do the place names Commack, Massapequa, Patchogue, and Setauket have in common? a. They are all of Native American origin. b. They are all of Germanic origin. c. They all consist exclusively of CV syllables. d. They all show original English words

Vowel harmony is a phenomenon in which a vowel or vowels in a word are changed to sound the same and be "in harmony." It involves dimensions such as high/low, back/front, round/unround, etc. Turkish is a language with vowel harmony in which vowels are characterized by two features: [±front] and [±rounded].

What do we mean by 'vowel harmony'? What is an example of a language with vowel harmony?

A lingua franca is a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. It may or may not be the native language of some of those people. Swahili is an example of a lingua franca.

What do we mean when we say that a language is a 'lingua franca'? Give an example.

The term agglutinative comes from a Latin verb which means "to glue together". In Turkish, like other agglutinative languages, a word might have a stem and a number of affixes that add up to make a more complex word

What does it mean to say that Turkish is a highly agglutinative language?

It happens to all languages and follows a certain pattern, which might be different in different languages and linguistic families. Regularity here means that the change applies mechanically whenever its structural conditions are met.

What does it mean when we say that 'sound change is regular'

A language isolate is a language with no demonstrable relationship with other languages and their ancestors. Basque is an example of a language isolate.

What is a language isolate? Name a language isolate

A

What is a reasonable difference between SOV and SVO languages? a. SOV use postpositions, SVO uses prepositions b. SOV languages lack adverbs c. SVO languages don't have morphology d. they are both the same

Diglossia is a situation in which two languages (or two varieties of the same language) are used under different conditions within a community. The term is usually applied to languages with distinct "high" and "low" (colloquial) varieties, such as Arabic.

What is diglossia? Name a language with diglossia

B

What is the main Native American language from which English borrowed a lot of words? a. Mohawk b. Algonquian c. Athabaskan d. Navajo

- most of the vocabulary in Hindi is borrowed from Sanskrit, Urdu has mostly borrowed from Persian and Arabic.

What is the main difference between Hindi and Urdu?

B

What is the most wide spread Afro-Asiatic language? a. Coptic b. Arabic c. Semitic d. Hebrew

B

Where did Austronesian languages originated from? a. West China b. Taiwan c. Hawaii d. Indonesia

Ethiopia

Where does the term "abugida" come from?

D

Which language is not a lingua franca in the region they are spoken? a. Persian b. Swahili c. Hindi d. Hazaragi

C

Which language is not written with a script based on Arabic? a. Farsi b. Pashto c. Hindi d. Urdu

C

Which of the following is an Indo-European language? a. Hebrew b. Kannada c. Kurdish d. Hungarian

B

Which of the following is not a place where you would likely find Egyptian Hieroglyphs? a. a religious text b. a list of everyday tasks c. a monument

D

Which of the following is not an Afro-Asiatic language family? a. Berber b. Cushitik c. Omotic d. Quechua

A

Which of the following is thought to be the oldest language or language family in the world? a. Khoisan b. Spanish c. Arabic d. Swahili

A

Which of the following languages doesn't have grammatical gender? a. Persian b. Spanish c. Arabic d. Pashto

A

Which one of the Semitic languages is an official language of the UN. a. Arabic b. Hebrew c. Japanese d. Italian

B

Which path did the Native Americans take to get to North America? a. North, from South America b. Southeast, from Eastern Russia c. Southwest, from Greenland d. West, from Western Europe

F

Whistled mode is the same as tones