Linux Final

Which of the following symbols indicates the start of a comment in Bash scripting?

#

Which file contains the groups and user members of those groups?

/etc/group

In which file are user accounts stored?

/etc/passwd

Which file forces system-wide customizations for all users on a system that a user cannot change?

/etc/profile

In which file are hashed passwords stored?

/etc/shadow

What IP address range is associated with link-local/APIPA addresses?

169.254.x.x

Where can you, as a user, switch to a different graphical user interface (KDEto GNOME, for example)?

At the graphical login screen

Why is encryption essential to secure communications on a system or over the network?

Because only someone or some process with the proper key can decrypt the information, which makes captured information useless to anyone without the proper key.

Which of the following boot options enables users to mount a file share as the root file system, rather than storing that file system locally?

Boot from NFS

A group of system administrators were discussing file permissions and decided that setting a particular root-owned text file to read-only for everyone is a best practice. What do the permissions for this file look like?

Either 664 or rw-rw-r-- is correct.

True or false? There is a single Linux master distribution from which all other Linux sub-distributions are derived.

False

True or false? In Linux, Equipment.txt and equipment.txt refer to the same file.

False. Linux file names are case-sensitive. These are two different files.

True or false? You can use the wget command to upload files to a web directory.

False. The wget command is only for downloading files.

True or false? There is a limit to the number of conditions in a case statement.

False. You can have as many conditions as necessary

Which of the following are advantages that GPT has over MBR? (Choose two.)

GPT has larger maximum storage space for partitions, GPT stores boot data in multiple locations for redundancy.

MBR is to BIOS as __________ is to UEFI.

GPT. GPT is part of the UEFI standard and is the successor to MBR.

Which of the following hardware interfaces carries audio and video signals and is used to connect devices like monitors?

HDMI

What is the name of the logical address used by the TCP/IP protocol suite?

IP address

In a YUM repository configuration, what does the gpgcheck=0 entry do?

It disables GPG checking for the repository

What are the two components of an IP address?

Network ID and host ID

Which of the following is a computer bus standard used by highperformance NVMe solid-state drives (SSDs)?

PCIe

What is the purpose behind using a package manager to install software?

Package managers make it much easier to install software, control what software is installed, manage software versions, and uninstall the software.

How do you copy and paste text in the Vim editor?

Press Esc to enter command mode, then type y for yank (copy) and then p for paste.

Your Windows users complain that there is no native SSH client in their older version of Windows. What can you recommend?

PuTTY is a commonly used SSH client for Windows

You SSH into a Linux system that only allows SSH access. The system is a web server and you've checked to see everything is working properly.However, no one can connect to the web server with a web browser. You suspect SELinux is in enforcing mode and blocking access. How can you check?

Run the sestatus command

Which of the following hardware connection technologies is primarily used in enterprise storage because of its fast speeds and high reliability?

SAS

What type of firewall examines network packets in isolation, rather than in the context of other packets in a transmission?

Stateless (packet filtering)

Your team has decided to use only one internal DNS server and one external. You must change the DNS server IP addresses on every Linux server. Which file can you edit to change the IP addresses?

The /etc/resolv.conf file contains the IP addresses of DNS servers.

Which directory or file system is a likely candidate on which to impose storage quotas on a shared Linux system?

The /home directory or file system because users tend to store everything without regard to space used. Quotas help prevent this kind of storage waste and file sprawl.

Linux incorporates software tools from which of the following sources?

The GNU Project

How can you remove an entry from the at command queue?

The atrm command can be used to delete a scheduled task

You notice several files in your home directory under the .ssh directory.One of them is id_rsa.pub. What is this file's purpose?

The id_rsa.pub file contains your SSH public key

Which boot process component configures device drivers?

The kernel.

You suspect that some users have not logged into the file server to update their passwords since the new file server went into production. Which command lists all users and the last time they logged in?

The last log command displays the list of users and the last time they logged into the system.

What is the final step in compiling software?

The make install command is the final step.

A senior-level administrator performed an audit on your backups and commended you for using SFTP to encrypt data as it traverses the network and the Internet. However, he introduces you to a new command, rsync,that has a particularly interesting advantage over SFTP. What is that advantage?

The rsync command can copy files over SSH, but it also synchronizes (copies differences between) files, rather than copying the entire contents of a directory. Therefore, it saves network bandwidth

You may configure swap space on a Linux system but not necessarily make it active until you feel like the system requires it. How can you enable a system's configured swap space?

The sudo swapon -a command activates all configured swap space on a Linux system.

What is the purpose of a logical operator in programming and scripting?

To connect values so that they can be evaluated together.

What is the purpose and function of a network adapter?

To provide an interface for connecting hosts to a network so that they can exchange data with one another.

True or false? IP forwarding is the Linux kernel implementation of network routing functionality.

True

True or false? If one of the CIA triad principles is compromised, the security of the organization is threatened.

True

You have written a log file for a script that you run to gather output, but each day the output gets overwritten. Which operator can you use to append rather than to overwrite the log file?

Use the >> append operator to add data to the end of the file each day.

You have added several jobs to the at queue and you need to check the status. How can you check the at queue?

Use the atq command.

You're sure that you compiled and loaded the kernel module for your new Ethernet card, but the card doesn't work. How can you check to be sure the kernel module is loaded?

Use the lsmod command to list all currently loaded kernel modules.

One of the other administrators on your team patched and rebooted a server, but is worried because it is taking a long time for the server to become available again. Which utility can you use to check when the system comes back online?

Use the ping command to check when the server is available on the network again.

You log into a system that seems to have something incorrect in its configuration, but you are having trouble pinpointing why certain paths don't exist and why certain shell variables are set to non-standard values.How can you view all shell variables at once?

Use the set command with no arguments.

You have a CentOS system and you need to install an application that you know has a lot of dependencies. What can you do to satisfy those dependencies and install the application?

Use the yum install command to install the application and its dependencies automatically.

Which of the following computing roles does Linux dominate in market share? (Choose three.)

Web servers,Mobile devices, Supercomputers

You need to install the Apache web service on your new CentOS web server farm and you cannot decide between using a package manager and compiling. You look at both options thoroughly and decide that, for your current needs, installing via package manager will be adequate. Which package manager do you use to install Apache?

YUM is the preferred package manager to use.

Gina, a member of the Marketing group, has decided that she wants her files protected so that only she can delete them, although other Marketing group members need to be able to work on and edit the files. What can she do tofix the problem of others deleting her files?

You can show Gina the following command to set the sticky bit on her files:chmod +t filename.txt —This command also works on directories.

You believe that the network interface card is failing on one of your servers and you need to get the specifics of it so that you can replace it with the same product. Without going to the data center and opening the server's case, how can you find the network card's details?

dmesg | grep -i network

Which of the following commands is an often unreliable way of querying the system for attached hardware components?

dmidecode

Choose which of the following code statements accurately produces the following output: The total is $50.

echo "The total is \$50."

You have created a new file, statistics.txt, and want to add it to the Git repository. Which command can you execute to add the file?

git add statistics.txt

You need to set up a new Git repository for a group of developers. Which command begins the process of setting up a new Git repository?

git init

A user asks you to help him find a particular string ("audition") in a file,actors.txt. He can't seem to remember which actor he had auditioned for a commercial spot, and he needs to call her back. How can you find his actor using a simple command, rather than read the text file manually?

grep audition actors.txt

You decided to make all your systems more secure by adding a GRUB 2 boot loader password. After making the change to multiple systems, you feel confident that the new security measure will be effective in securing your systems. Which command can you use to generate a password for GRUB 2?

grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2

Your company is global in scope and you have systems in data centers in several different countries. Often while typing you discover that some odd characters appear on the screen. One of your counterparts in one of the offshore countries informs you that they have changed the keymap to better suit their needs. How can you change the keymap for U.S.compatibility?

localectl set-keymap us —You can set your keymap as a regular user.

You want to check the print queue before you attempt to reboot the system.How do you check the print queue for the non-default printer, HPLJ5?

lpq -P HPLJ5

Several users have been issuing multiple print jobs to the printer, causing it to become backed up and unresponsive. You enter the lpq command to query the print jobs, and notice that one job is very large and likely causing the bottleneck. Which of the following commands should you enter to stop the offending print job and free up the queue?

lprm {job number}

A user is complaining that their USB mouse is unresponsive. Which of the following commands can you can use to quickly pull up information about the device, including its vendor, product model, and drivers?

lshw -c input

To access complete local documentation, which command can you enter at the command-line to access extensive usage information on the cp (copy) command?

man cp

One of the developers has told your manager that he needs the file system /code rebuilt using the XFS file system type. Which utility can you use?

mkfs.xfs

Diane Smith has left the company and you want to preserve her home directory, so you decide to rename it. How can you rename /home/dsmith to /home/dsmith.keep?

mv /home/dsmith /home/dsmith.keep

Which of the following is the correct way to assign a variable in Bash scripting?

my_name=Mary

How can you create a physical volume on /dev/sdd1?

pvcreate /dev/sdd1

You have a file that contains a very long list of activities(activities.txt) that were suggested by coworkers for things to do at the annual picnic. They are in no particular order, but you'd feel better if they were in alphabetical order, making them more readable. How can you rearrange the list into alphabetical order quickly?

sort activities.txt

You need to totally remove the emacs package and its configuration files as well. Using APT, what command can you use to do this?

sudo apt purge emacs

Another system administrator appears in your cubicle and asks you to display storage devices and their file systems on server05. Which command can you use to show him the info he needs?

sudo lsblk -f

How can you activate a service such as httpd?

sudo systemctl start httpd.service

How can you unmount the /finance file system?

sudo umount /finance

You have taken a position as a system administrator at a new company and have done some discovery work on the environment. You've noticed that multiple software packages are more than one year out of date on several CentOS systems. Using YUM, which command can you issue to update all software packages on each system without acknowledging or confirming the update?

sudo yum -y update

You need to remove the Apache web service software package (httpd) so that you can install via source code. Using YUM, what command can you issue to uninstall Apache?

sudo yum remove httpd

How can you start the CUPS service?

systemctl start cups

You've had several complaints about the performance of one of your systems. You log in and find that it responds slowly to commands. You want to look at processes that might be consuming too many resources. Which command can you use?

top

As an administrator, it is one of your jobs to keep track of the kernel versions on your Linux systems and attempt to be consistent where possible. Which command can you run to see the kernel version?

uname -r returns the kernel's major and minor version numbers, making it easier to compare versions across many systems.

You and other junior Linux administrators have noticed that some basic commands don't have man pages associated with them. You would like to know which ones do. One of the other administrators told you about a command that would also list the man pages for a command search. To which command was he referring?

whereis

You tried using locate to find the cat command but locate searches for strings and returned more than 2,000 hits. You need something more efficient for searching for a specific file, especially commands. Which command can you run to selectively find the cat command?

which cat

You suspect that a hardware failure is imminent and you need to reboot the system to ensure that everything is working properly or to force a failure.Before issuing the reboot command, which command can you use to check to see if other users are logged onto the system?

who

As a Linux administrator, you might often switch accounts from yours to the root user or to other user accounts to perform tasks. Which command can you issue to find out which user account you're currently using?

whoami

You have recently taken over support for a group of CentOS Linux servers formerly managed by a different system administrator. You have logged onto each one to check configurations and to update each system. When you attempted to update the systems, no updates were available. Which command can you run to find out which software repositories are configured?

yum repolist