Linux Final

Which prompt does the root user receive when logged in to the system?

#

Which prompt do regular users receive when logged in to the system?

$

After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be affected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files?

---r--rw-

The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command?

--wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1

Which three partitions are typically created at minimum during a Fedora Workstation Linux installation on a system with a UEFI BIOS? (Choose three answers.)

/, /boot, /boot/efi

Which of the following is an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.)

/home/resume, C:\myfolder\resume

Which of the following kernels are development kernels? (Choose all that apply.)

2.3.4, 5.10-rc5

You noticed a file in your home directory that has a + symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate?

Additional entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfacl command.

What is a common open source web server available for Linux?

Apache

What is the default shell on most Linux systems called?

BASH

What component within a CD workflow creates a new virtual machine or container to host the web app?

Build automation server

The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes? (Choose both that apply.)

Command and Insert

When sitting at a computer running Linux, what key combination do you press to switch to a graphical login screen?

Ctrl+Alt+F1

Which two people are credited with creating the UNIX operating system? (Choose two answers.)

Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson

What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for UNIX and Linux systems?

FHS

A symbolic link is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command.

False

After a partition on a storage device is formatted with a filesystem, all partitions on that storage device must use the same filesystem.

False

Character devices typically transfer data more quickly than block devices.

False

If you boot your computer from Linux live media, you will be able to use a fully functional Linux system prior to installing Linux on permanent storage.

False

Linux commands entered via the command line are not case sensitive.

False

Only the root user can modify a file that has the immutable attribute set.

False

The less command offers less functionality than the more command.

False

There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file, and the other means that it is on a directory.

False

Users enter commands directly to the kernel of the Linux operating system.

False

Which common desktop environments are available in most Linux distributions? (Choose all that apply.)

GNOME and KDE

What license does linux adhere to?

GNU GPL

Which of the following components is required to run Linux virtual machines?

Hypervisor

What does the mv command do? (Choose all that apply.)

It renames a file. It renames a directory. It moves a directory to another location on the filesystem. It moves a file to another location on the filesystem. (All of the above)

What must a Fedora Linux user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked whether to overwrite an existing file?

Just run cp or mv because they run in interactive mode by default.

Which of the following Linux distributions is likely to be used by a cybersecurity worker?

Kali

Linux was developed by _____ to resemble the _____ operating system.

Linus Torvalds, MINIX

When the core components of the Linux operating system are packaged together with other OSS, it is called a _____.

Linux distribution

What type of software does Linux represent?

Open source

When Linux is hosted within a container on a cloud provider, what cloud delivery model is being used?

PaaS

How can you protect a metacharacter (such as the $ character) from shell interpretation?

Precede it with a \

How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression?

Precede the string with ^

How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor?

Press the esc. key

Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development?

Richard Stallman

The root user utilizes the chown command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file?

Run chown and list the root user as the new owner.

What are characteristics of OSS

Software developed collaboratively, Bugs are fixed quickly

Which of the following is not an example of virtualization software that can be used to install Linux within another operating system?

Spiceworks

Which culture embraced the term "GNU" (GNU's Not UNIX) and laid the free software groundwork for Linux?

The hacker culture

A directory is a type of file.

True

Hard links need to reside on the same filesystem, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same filesystem as their target.

True

Linux has only one root directory per directory tree.

True

The lvextend command can be used to add unused space within a volume group to an existing logical volume.

True

To install Linux within a virtual machine, you can specify the path to an ISO image that contains the Linux installation media within virtualization software without having to first write the ISO image to a DVD or USB flash drive.

True

Which of the following comprise an operating system?

User interface, Kernel, Device drivers, services

After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output :-rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 How do you interpret the mode of file1?

User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file.

Which of the following are common methods for gaining support for Linux?

Websites, Linux User Groups, Online forums; All of these

Using a regular expression, how can you indicate a character that is not an a or b or c or d?

[^abcd]

What are some good reasons for using Linux in a corporate environment? (Choose all that apply.)

a . Linux software is unlikely to be abandoned by its developers. b. Linux is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems. c. Linux is widely available for many hardware platforms and supports many programming languages.

On which types of systems can Linux be installed? (Choose all that apply.)

a. IoT devices b. supercomputers c. servers d. workstations (All of them)

Which command is used to format a partition on a hard disk drive with the ext4 filesystem?

a. e2mkfs -t ext4 device

Which of the following are factors that determine which Linux distribution a user will use? (Choose all that apply.)

a. package manager support b. hardware platform c. kernel features

What command is equivalent to the man -k keyword command?

apropos keyword

When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission _____.

b. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory, and not the entity that created them

You want to see the filesystems that are in use on the system. What command could you use? (Choose all that apply.)

b. df -hT c. cat /etc/mtab

What does the command df -i do?

b. displays the number of used and available inodes on each mounted filesystem

A device file _____. (Choose all that apply.)

b. has no data section c. displays a major and minor number in place of a file size

Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab?

b. mount -a

Given the following output from /etc/fstab, which filesystems will be automatically checked on boot by the fsck command?

c. /, /boot, and /home

Jaime has just installed two new SAS SSDs in his system. He properly installs the hardware in his machine. Before he can use them for data storage and retrieval, what must he do? (Choose all that apply.)

c. Create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs. e. Mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system. f. Format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux.

A user runs the fsck command with the -f option on an ext4 filesystem that is showing signs of corruption. How would that user locate any files the system was unable to repair?

c. Mount the filesystem and check the lost+found directory underneath the mount point.

Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)

c. Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own. d. Hard limits can never be exceeded. g. Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time.

A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterward they need files previously found within the mount point directory. What should this user do?

c. Unmount the device from the directory.

What must you do to successfully run the fsck command on a filesystem?

c. Unmount the filesystem.

Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct?

c. VGs are comprised of one or more PVs.

Given the following output from the ls command, how many other files are hard linked with file3?

c. three

A user typed the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory?

cd ../..

If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project1, which command could they use to move to the etc directory directly under the root?

cd /etc

A file has the following permissions: r----x-w-. The command chmod 143 file1 would have the same effect as the command _____. (Choose all that apply.)

chmod u+x-r,g+r-x,o+x file1, chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1

Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively?

chown user1:root file1

Which command blanks the terminal screen, erasing previously displayed output?

clear

You plug a USB flash drive into a system that has two SATA hard disk drives. How will the partition on this USB flash drive be identified by Linux?

d. /dev/sdc1

Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem?

d. df

What does the du -hs /var command do?

d. displays the total size of the /var directory

The which command _____.

d. searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable

Which command can be used to repair an XFS filesystem?

d. xfs_repair /dev/sdb1

The tac command _____.

displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last line first and first line last

What will the following wildcard expression return: file[a-c]?

filea, fileb, filec

Which of the following is not a piece of information that the Fedora installation program prompts you for?

firewall settings

Which of the following commands can only be used to create partitions on a GPT storage device?

gdisk

What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately?

halt

What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and contains links to other related information?

info

After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose filename begins with a period (.). What does this mean?

it is a hidden file

After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean?

it is an executable file

What does the /var directory contain?

log files and spool directories

You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command prompt displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire?

man -k flush

Which command would a user type on the command line to find out the current directory in the directory tree?

pwd

What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor?

quit without saving any changes

A special device file is used to _____.

represent hardware devices

If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of the filesystem and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume?

resume

The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are _____ for newly created directories and _____ for newly created files.

rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw-

Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SAS hard disk drive within Linux?

sdb3

After you log in to a terminal, you receive a user interface called a _____.

shell

Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file?

strings

When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, _____.

the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and inode

A user types the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen?

the first 10 lines of the file are mary

Which command displays the users who are currently logged in to the Linux system?

who