lipid lowering agents
Which drug is most effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels? A) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors B) Bile acid sequestrants C) Fibrates D) Niacin
c
A patient presents at the clinic after one week of taking pravastatin (Pravacol) with complaints of "just not feeling well." The nurse asks what liquid the patient has been taking their medication with and the patient tells the nurse that they drink a lot of grapefruit juice. The nurse should know that grapefruit juice increases the risk of which adverse effect? A) Gastric ulceration B) Diarrhea C) Nausea D) Toxicity
d
A patient is diagnosed as having an elevated cholesterol level. The nurse is aware that plaque on the inner lumen of arteries is composed chiefly of what? A) Lipids and fibrous tissue B) WBCs C) Lipoproteins D) High-density cholesterol
a
A patient presents at the clinic for follow-up on some blood work that shows her cholesterol is high. This patient is in her second trimester of pregnancy. The nurse expects the physician to order what medication? A) Colesvelam (Welchol) B) Pravastatin (Pravachol) C) Simvastatin (Zocor) D) Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
a
The most common adverse effects of lovastatin (Mevacor) include which of the following? A) Nausea, flatulence, and constipation B) Increased appetite and blood pressure C) Fatigue and mental disorientation D) Hiccups, sinus congestion, and dizziness
a
The nurse is taking a health history on a 38-year-old male bar owner who is taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) for high cholesterol. The nurse will be sure to ask a specific group of questions regarding the patient's use of what? A) Alcohol B) Nicotine C) Caffeine D) Herbal therapy
a
The nurse is teaching a 45-year-old patient about ways to lower cholesterol levels, as they are elevated. One method to lower cholesterol levels is to exercise, which does what? A) Increases HDL and decreases triglycerides B) Increases LDL and decreases triglycerides C) Decreases HDL and increases LDL D) Decreases both HDL and LDL
a
What is HMG-CoA reductase? A) An enzyme that controls the final step in production of cellular cholesterol B) An enzyme used immediately for energy C) An enzyme that combines with proteins to become chylomicrons D) An enzyme used to make bile acids
a
Which drug is most effective in reducing most major types of dyslipidemia in patients at risk, or who have already developed CAD? A) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors B) Bile acid sequestrants C) Fibrates D) Niacin
a
A patient has been prescribed niacin and you are teaching them about the medication and its adverse effects. The adverse effects of niacin include intense cutaneous flushing and what else? A) Hypotension B) Abdominal pain C) Vomiting D) Arthritic pain
b
A patient is going home on cholestyramine (Questran). Patient teaching should include what about this medication? A) Should be administered with other medications B) Should be administered 1 hour before other medications C) Should be administered 1 hour after other medications D) Should be administered on an empty stomach
b
An appropriate goal for a client taking niacin would be to reduce total serum cholesterol to which level? A) <100 mg/dL B) <200 mg/dL C) <239 mg/dL D) <275 mg/dL
b
It has been found that some populations have a higher incidence of CAD than others. What patient population would have the greatest chance of developing CAD as determined by total cholesterol? A) A 32-year-old Asian American with total cholesterol of 120 mg/dl B) A 62-year-old White American with total cholesterol of 260 mg/dl C) A 48-year-old African American with total cholesterol of 198 mg/dl D) A 26-year-old Native American with total cholesterol of 150 mg/dl
b
The nurse is doing teaching about cholesterol and its role in cardiovascular disease. In addition to promoting cessation of cigarette smoking, a healthy lifestyle with diet and exercise to correct cholesterol abnormalities, the nurse explains that there are two modifiable conditions that have been cited as major risk factors for CAD and its complications. What are these two conditions? A) Obesity and hypertension B) Cholesterol abnormalities and hypertension C) Bradycardia and hypertension D) Depression and hypertension
b
You are discharging a patient home on HMG-CoA inhibitor therapy. What statement by the patient demonstrates that they have a clear understanding of the teaching you have done? A) "I won't need to follow that diet any more because this drug will take care of my lipids." B) "I should take this drug at bedtime, since my body makes lipids mostly at night." C) "This drug will protect me from having a heart attack or stroke." D) "I should take this drug first thing in the morning with a full glass of water."
b
Your patient asks you what will the atorvastatin (Lipitor) they are prescribed do for them. What is an expected outcome for this patient? A) Decrease in serum cholesterol only B) Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels C) Decrease in sitosterol and serum cholesterol D) Decrease in camperterol and LDL levels
b
A 10-year-old is brought into the clinic for an annual check-up and is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. What type of hypercholesterolemia is most often seen in children? A) Gender specific B) Diet resistant C) Familial D) Exercise resistant
c
A 54-year-old patient, has a cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL. What serum concentration of cholesterol would this patient have? A) Optimal B) Desirable C) High D) Very high
c
A 9-year-old child has received an order for provastatin (Pravachol) 40 mg/d PO for genetically linked hyperlipidemia. In preparation for patient teaching concerning this drug, the nurse's initial action will be what? A) Ask the parents to be present for the teaching session B) Determine the appropriate time to discuss the drug with the patient C) Question the doctor concerning the order D) Review information in the nurse drug reference book concerning the drug
c
A patient has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) comes to the clinic with complaints of acute muscle pain not associated with exercise or injury, which indicates potential rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows that the use of atorvastatin with which of the following products places the patient at risk for rhabdomyolysis? A) Over-the-counter (OTC) drug use B) Use of ginseng C) Grapefruit juice consumption D) Use of saw palmetto
c
A student asks the nursing instructor what the most common adverse effects of ezetimibe (Zetia) are. What would be the instructor's best response? A) Bloating and flank pain B) Neuropathy and flatulence C) Mild abdominal pain and diarrhea D) Constipation and flank pain
c
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who's at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). The nurse tells the patient that CAD has many risk factors. Risk factors that can be controlled or modified include what? A) Gender, obesity, family history, and smoking B) Inactivity, stress, gender, and smoking C) Obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking D) Stress, family history, and obesity
c
You are assessing a patient who is taking cholestyramine (Questran) 6 times a day. You will most likely formulate what nursing diagnosis? A) Acute pain related to CNS and GI effects B) Constipation related to GI effects C) Non-compliance related to number of times medication is taken D) Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy
c
You are engaged in patient teaching with a patient who has just been prescribed a bile acid sequestrant. You teach the patient that he may mix his lipid-lowering agent with a carbonated beverage. What bile acid sequestrant is the patient taking? A) Cholestyramine (Questran) B) Colesevelem (Welchol) C) Colestipol (Colestid) D) Ezetimibe (Zetia)
c
A patient calls the clinic and talks to the nurse. They tell they have been taking colesevelem (Welchol) for six months. The patient tells the nurse that they are having small amounts of bright, red rectal bleeding and they are concerned. What would an appropriate response from the nurse be? A) "I should let your physician know immediately!" B) "Don't worry about it. This can happen some time." C) "Stop taking the medication now! This is a serious adverse effect." D) "The bleeding may be coming from hemorrhoids. We should check this out."
d
The nurse is taking care of a patient with high cholesterol and triglyceride values. In teaching the patient about therapeutic lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, the nurse realizes that the desired goal for cholesterol levels is what? A) High HDL values and high triglyceride values B) Low soluble fiber C) Elevated blood lipids, fasting glucose less than 100 D) Low LDL values and high HDL values
d
The pharmacology instructor asks what drug inhibits peripheral breakdown of lipids, reduces LDLs, and increases HDL concentrations. What would be the correct answer? A) Fenofibrate (Tricor) B) Niacin (Niaspan) C) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) D) Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
d
What intervention may help the client increase HDL levels? A) Smoking cessation B) Leg elevation C) TED hose D) Exercise
d
You are caring for a patient who has just been prescribed a peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha activator named Trilipix. The patient asks you what this drug does. What would be your best response? A) Micelles are absorbed into the intestinal wall and combined with proteins to become chylomicrons B) Makes the liver use cholesterol to produce more bile acids C) Works in the brush border of the small intestine to prevent the absorption of dietary cholesterol D) Specific hepatic receptor that results in increased breakdown of lipids
d
You are caring for a patient who takes fluvastatin (Lescol). Which laboratory value should be assessed regularly this patient? A) BUN B) CBC C) aPTT D) LFT
d
