liver

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include: decreased brightness and echogenicity of liver. ascites, decreased brightness, and echogenicity. increased brightness and echogenicity of liver, and no demonstration of portal vein radicles. accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and an overall decreased echogenicity of liver.

accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and an overall decreased echogenicity of liver

What benign liver tumor has been found in patients with type I glycogen storage disease? Hamartoma Adenoma Lipoma Cavernous hemangiom

adenoma

The TIPS shunt is placed: between the main hepatic artery and MPV between a portal vein and hepatic vein between the common hepatic duct and CBD between a portal vein and hepatic artery

between a portal vein and hepatic vein.

The most common benign tumor of the liver is: adenoma. infantile hemangioendothelioma. cavernous hemangioma. mesenchymal hamartoma.

cavernous hemangioma

which of the following tumors consist of large blood filled spaces? cavernous hemangioma adenoma hamartoma

cavernous hemangioma

Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent: obstructive portal disease. acute viral hepatitis. Budd-Chiari syndrome. cirrhosis.

cirrhosis

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are more likely to have had: hemochromatosis. adenosis. cirrhosis. carcinosis.

cirrhosis

Which of the following ligaments serves as a barrier between the subphrenic space and Morison pouch? coronary gastrohepatic hepatoduodenal falciform

coronary

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following except: fever. decreased white blood count. increased white blood count. pain.

decreased white blood count

Which of the following ligaments attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

falciform

All of the following structures are utilized as dividing landmarks of the right and left lobes except: GB fossa Falciform liver Main lobar fissure Middle hepatic vein

falciform liver

Traditional lobar anatomy divides the liver into _____ lobes

four

Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts may be seen with all of the following except: intrahepatic mass in the area of the porta hepatis. gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder. lymphadenopathy in the porta hepatis. obstructive stone in the cystic duct.

gallstones in fundus of GB

which of the following is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass? hepatoblastoma hepatoma hematoma hemangioendothelioma

hemangioendothelioma

A 38-year-old woman with mildly elevated liver function tests undergoes a sonogram of the abdomen. In the right lobe of the liver, three small echogenic masses are noted, which are well circumscribed and display no flow with color Doppler. What is the most likely diagnosis? Metastasis Hemangioma Focal nodular hyperplasia Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cell adenoma

hemangioma

A 39-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe right upper quadrant pain. Sonography shows that the gallbladder is normal, but a 3.8-cm heterogeneous mass is noted in the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver. The patient reveals that she has been taking oral contraceptives since she was 22 years old. What is the most likely diagnosis? Hemorrhagic adenoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Angiosarcoma Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Metastasis

hemorrhagic adenoma

Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use?

hepatic adenoma

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the: hepatic veins. portal veins. superior mesenteric vein. splenic vein.

hepatic veins

A 54-year-old, morbidly obese man with markedly elevated liver function tests undergoes an abdominal sonogram. The patient has a coarsened, highly echogenic liver suggestive of steatohepatitis. There is a single hypoechoic lesion measuring 5 cm in the medial segment of the left lobe. What is the most likely diagnosis for this mass? Hepatocellular carcinoma Angiosarcoma Metastatic disease Hepatocellular adenoma Hemangioma

hepatocellular carcinoma

A 72-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse is seen for monitoring of cirrhosis. In addition to elevated liver function tests, his clinician notes elevated serum alpha fetoprotein. On today's sonogram, the liver appears lobulated and coarsened, and a moderate amount of ascites is noted. A 2.5-cm hypoechic solid mass is seen in the medial segment of the left lobe. What is the most likely diagnosis? Metastasis Hemangioma Liver cell adenoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Focal nodular hyperplasia

hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular disease can be defined as a process that affects the: phagocytes and does not interfere with liver function. hepatocytes and interferes with liver function. spherocytes and interferes with liver function. phagocytes and interferes with liver function.

hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

All of the following describe normal portal venous flow except: hepatofugal flow. low-flow velocity. phasic flow. spontaneous flow.

hepatofugal

In severe hepatocellular destruction, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are: moderately high. mild. high. moderate.

high

Which of the following is associated with E grandulosus? candidiasis amebic liver abscess hydatid liver cyst hepatocellular carcinoma

hydatid liver cyst

Which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy? Hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo Isoechoic mass with a central scar Cystic mass with posterior enhancement Echogenic mass

hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

Which one of the following is noted in type I glycogen storage disease? Normal texture and hepatomegaly Small liver and hypoechoic parenchyma Normal texture and prominent intrahepatic biliary ducts Hyperechoic, attenuating liver and hepatomegaly

hyperechoic, attenuating liver and hepatomegaly

The falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the:

ligamentum teres

A 33-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis undergoes sonographic evaluation of the kidneys. In addition to multiple renal angiomyolipomas, a 2.4-cm hyperechoic mass is noted in the dome of the patient's liver. Deep to this mass, the diaphragm appears to be displaced. What is the most likely diagnosis? Metastasis Focal nodular hyperplasia Lipoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Hemangioma

lipoma

normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate

low resistive wave form pattern with a quick upstroke and gradual deceleration with diastole.

The fossae of the right portal vein (RPV) and gallbladder are found in the

main lobar fissure

the main lobar fissure contains MPV middle hepatic vein right hepatic vein right portal vein

middle hepatic vein

Which of the following structures separate the left lobe of the liver from the right lobe? middle hepatic vein and main lobar fissure left hepatic vein and main lobar fissure middle hepatic vein and ligamentum venosum left hepatic vein and right intersegmental fissure

middle hepatic vein and main lobar fissure

On spectral Doppler, the hepatic veins are characterized by which of the following flow types? turbulent laminar multiphasic parabolic

multiphasic

the inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as

papillary process.

The normal blood flow pattern in the main portal vein is described as: continuous hepatofugal phasic pulsatile

phasic

The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the:

portal vein

Which of the following most accurately describes the location of the caudate lobe? posterior to the porta hepatis posterior to the inferior vena cava lateral to the inferior vena cava medial to the lesser sac

posterior to the porta hepatis

A 60-year-old woman presents with severe RUQ pain, fever, and a history of a recent surgery for cholelithiasis. Laboratory values reveal elevated liver function tests and leukocytosis. An RUQ ultrasound examination reveals a solitary, hypoechoic lesion in the right lobe of the liver that measures 3.7 cm at its largest diameter. The walls of the lesion appear thickened, and acoustic enhancement is identified posterior to the lesion. These findings are most consistent with which of the following? Amebic abscess Pyogenic abscess Hematoma Hemorrhagic cyst Hepatoma

pyogenic abscess

A common anatomical variation resulting in a tongue-like projection of the right lobe of the liver is called?

reidles lobe

The right intersegmental fissure contains the right hepatic vein middle hepatic vein left portal vein right portal vein

right hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the:

right hepatic vein

Echinococcal cysts have the highest incidence in countries in which: rock climbing is prevalent. poultry is abundant. fishing is common. sheep herding is common.

sheep herding is common

Which of the following spaces is located superior to the liver and inferior to the diaphragm? subhepatic space subphrenic space pleura lesser sac

subphrenic space

Which of the following ligaments separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe of the liver?

venosum

A 35-year-old man with AIDS undergoes a sonogram for abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice. Sonographic findings reveal dilation of the bile ducts and thickening of the bile duct walls. Based on the patient history, what is the most likely diagnosis? Acute cholecystitis Hematoma Abscess Gallbladder carcinoma Cholangitis

Cholangitis

A 22-year-old woman experiencing right upper quadrant pain presents to the emergency department. A sonogram is ordered to rule out gallbladder pathology. A 3-cm mass at the periphery of the right lobe of the liver is incidentally noted. The mass appears solid, homogeneous, and nearly isoechoic to the liver parenchyma. With color Doppler, the mass exhibits central blood flow in a stellate configuration. What is the most likely diagnosis? Metastasis Focal nodular hyperplasia Hemangioma Liver cell adenoma Hepatocellular carcinoma

FNH

What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver and is solitary, well-circumscribed, and a nonencapsulated multinodular mass? Lipoma Cavernous hemangioma Focal nodular hyperplasia (FHN) Adenoma

FNH

which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar? hepatoblastoma cavernous hemangioma hamartoma focal nodular hyperplasia

FNH

A thin connective tissue which surrounds the entire liver is referred to as?

Glisson's capsule

A 62-year-old man who recently moved to the United States from Southeast Asia undergoes an abdominal sonogram. His chief complaint is abdominal discomfort, and his clinician notes low-grade fever and suspicion of hepatomegaly. Recent laboratory tests reveal elevated alpha fetoprotein. The sonogram shows a 6-cm heterogeneous mass occupying the left lobe of the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis for this mass? Hemangioma Focal nodular hyperplasia Hepatocellular carcinoma Solitary metastatic lesion Liver cell adenoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

right sided heart failure leads to enlargement of the aorta IVC and hepatic veins IVC and portal veins portal veins and spleen

IVC and hepatic veins.

Phagocytosis is the removal of bile pigment and old RBC from the body by specialized hepatic cells called?

Kupfer cells

A 59-year-old woman with a past history of breast cancer and recent unintentional weight loss undergoes an abdominal sonogram. The sonogram reveals ascites and multiple, hypoechoic lesions in the right and left lobes of the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis? Angiosarcoma Metastasis Hepatocellular carcinoma Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Nodular regenerative hyperplasia

METS

Gain settings should be placed to demonstrate the normal liver: hyperechoic to the pancreas hypoechoic to the spleen hyperechoic to the renal sinus as a medium shade of gray

a medium shade of gray

In a post-liver transplant patient, the hepatic artery should demonstrate: retrograde flow in early diastole a sharp systolic downstroke a high resistance waveform a sharp systolic upstroke

a sharp systolic upstroke