LM 1: Basic Electronics

Short Circuit

A low-resistance connection forms between two points in an electric circuit. As a result, rather than flowing along the intended path, the current tends to flow through this newly created connection.

Passive Components

An electronic component that can only transmit energy and dissipate, absorb, or store it in an electric or magnetic field. Electrical power is not required

Resistors

As long as current flow through it, it can only receive energy that they can dissipate as heat.

The electric current flowing through active components is controlled. The external voltage or current is required for active components to perform. An electrical signal's power is amplified by active components.

Characteristics of Active Electronic components

An electrical signal's power cannot be increased by passive components. The electrical energy is temporarily stored in the form of an electric or magnetic field in passive components. Passive components do not rely on an external voltage source to perform a task

Characteristics of Passive Electronic Components

Voltage sources, Current sources, Generators, transistors, Diodes

Common examples of active components include

Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors, Transformers

Common examples of passive components include

Analog, Digital, or Mixed

Electronic circuits can also be classified as

passive, active, and electromechanical

Electronics components are divided into three categories

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

It consists of a plastic board with connecting copper tracks on one side and numerous holes for component attachment on the other. it is created when the layout of a circuit board is chemically printed onto a plastic board.

Voltage Source

It's a two-terminal device that creates a potential difference between two points in a circuit, allowing current to flow. An active component of a circuit that provides energy.

Electromechanical components

These components use an electrical signal to make some mechanical changes like rotating a motor. Generally, these components use electrical current to form a magnetic field so that physical movement can be caused.

load

a component in a circuit that consumes energy to perform a specific task.

Analog Circuit

a linear circuit, signal inputs are a continuous range of voltages.

Digital Circuit

a non-linear circuit. It can only handle digital signals, signal inputs are discrete values.

Inductors

a passive component of a circuit because it can store energy in the form of a magnetic field and deliver that energy to the circuit on a periodic basis.

Current sources

active component of a circuit that provides current, controls the flow of charge in a circuit

transistors

amplify the power of a signal

active component

an electronic component which supplies energy to a circuit.

Electronic Components

basic building block of a circuit, basic element that aids in the conversion of an idea into a circuit that can be executed

open circuit

current cannot flow because one or more components have been disconnected, either deliberately (via a switch) or accidentally (broken parts). one that does not form a loop.

Transformer

frequently used to increase voltage levels, keep in mind that power is maintained constant.

copper sheets

often found in tiny, complex circuits like Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)

Mixed Signal Circuit

one that contains both linear and nonlinear components. Analog circuitry and microprocessors are used to process the data in these circuits.

closed circuit

one that forms a continuous loop with no breaks. a complete circuit that does not perform any function.

conducting path, a voltage source, and a load

simplest circuit only has three elements

Capacitors

store energy as an electric field, it is not actually supplying energy; rather, it is storing it for later use.

conducting path (wire)

where the electric current flows