LUOA Biology Module 3: Cell Biology Study Guide

Molecules are broken down in the _______________ to produce ATP through a process called __________ __________.

-Mitochondria -Cellular respiration

The energy used to fuel active transport is called adenosine triphosphate, also known as _____.

ATP

There are multiple products of cellular respiration, but the one that fuels our daily activity is what?

ATP

What chemical is pictured below?

ATP

Match the term with its description: Chemical energy

ATP, ADP, and any other energy currencies

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cell? -Comes in different sizes. -Are not specialized. -Come in different shapes. -Carry out different jobs.

Are not specialized

Match the scenario with the most appropriate type of microscope: The digital microscope

College students exporting images of lab specimens to include in a lab report.

Match the term with the correct level or organization: Organism

Human body

Which of the following is not an example of a prokaryotic organism? - E-coli in unclean vegetables - Human skin cells - Streptococcus causing strep throat - Probiotics found in yogurt

Human skin cells

Salt can be detrimental to plant life because it pulls the water out of the plant. What osmotic condition does this illustrate?

Hypertonic

Match the scientist to their contributions to the cell theory: Observed "animalcules" in pond water.

Leeunwenhoek

___ break down large food molecules to produce energy.

Mitochondria

Match the term with its definition: Autotroph

Obtain energy directly through photosynthesis

Match the term with its definition: Heterotroph

Obtain energy indirectly by consuming organisms.

A/An _______ is made up of one or more tissues working together.

Organ

Our bodies need ___ to survive because it helps our bodies release chemical energy.

Oxygen

Match the term with the correct level or organization: Organ systems

Respiratory system

Match the term with its correct description: Exocytosis

Type of active transport in which molecules move out of the cell

Cell differentiation is __________.

When cells have the same DNA but perform different tasks

The prefix "aero-" in aerobic respiration means ___.

With oxygen

Eukaryotic plant cells have unique organelles, such as __________ where sunlight is converted into glucose and the __________ that surrounds and supports the plant cell membrane.

- Chloroplasts - Cell wall

Which of the following are organelles found in a eukaryotic plant cell but not an animal cell? (Select all that apply.)

- Chloroplasts - Central vacuole - Cell wall

__________ are unicellular organisms without a true __________.

- Prokaryotes - Nucleus

Cell transport includes two types: one requiring energy called _________ transport and one not requiring energy called _________ transport.

-Active -Passive

Photosynthesis is important to all living organisms because it directly supplies light energy directly to plants and other __________, while also indirectly providing energy to __________ like humans and animals.

-Autotrophs -Heterotrophs

When looking at the levels of biological organization, _____ is the largest, or most complex, and _____ is the smallest, or most simple.

-Biosphere -Atoms

When specialized _______ work together, they form _____ such as epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

-Cells -Tissues

Which of the following statements helps refute the endosymbiotic theory? (Select all that apply.) NOT DONE

-DNA sequencing has become more sophisticated and the similarities in the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplast to that of ancient bacteria have been shown to be less robust than first assumed.

What are the 3 basic characteristics of Cell Theory?

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from existing cells.

List the levels of biological organization from simple to complex:

1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Cells 4. Tissues 5. Organs 6. Organ systems 7. Organism 8. Population 9. Community 10. Ecosystem 11. Biosphere

Match the number with the appropriate part of the chloroplast.

3: Outer Membrane

Centrosome: Cell Membrane: Cytoplasm: Rough ER: Nucleus: Nucleolus: Ribosomes:

A B C D E F G

Match the term with its description: ADP

A low-energy molecule possessing only two phosphate groups

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Cell Wall

A rigid structure surrounding the plant cell

Compare and contrast single-celled organisms to multicellular organisms. Please write 3 to 5 sentences using your best grammar.

A single-celled organism is composed of one cell that the organism needs to function. This kind of organism does not require bone cells, sex cells ect. It has all the necessary needs in one cell! A multi-cellular organism is composed of many cells that have specific purposes for the organism to function. For example, a dog has muscle cells, bone cells, immune cells etc. that help the dog's body to function. Single-celled organisms are things like bacteria, whereas multi-cellular organisms are things like dogs!

Match the osmotic condition with its definition: Hypertonic

A solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell

Match the osmotic condition with its definition: Hypotonic

A solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell.

The Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of ______ transport because it uses energy to exchange sodium (Na) from inside the cell with potassium (K) from outside the cell.

Active

Match the term with its definition: Combustion

Burning of resources like wood or gasoline

Which type of microscope is most commonly used in biology classrooms?

Compound light microscope

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Lysome

Contains enzymes and detoxifies the cell.

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Nucleus

Controls the processes of the cell

Which of the following are not components of a molecule of ATP?

Deoxyribose

Which type of microscope connects to a computer and uses it to enhance the specimen and send the image to others?

Digital microscope

Match the organelle to the appropriate letter: Flagella: Ribosome: DNA:

E F G

If a scientist needs to view a specimen at high magnification, s/he should use which of the following?

Electron microscope

Which domain contains multicellular organisms?

Eukarya

Match the term with its description: Glucose

Food energy

The cell membrane is often referred to as the _______ because it regulates transport in and out of the cell.

Gatekeeper

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis -> Krebs Cycle -> Electron Transport Chain

Match the term with the correct level or organization: Organs

Heart

The state of maintaining stable internal conditions is called ______.

Homostasis

Match the scientist to their contributions to the cell theory: Described cells as "small rooms" and gave them their name.

Hooke

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance inside the cell

The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the ___.

Krebs

What occurs in the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.

Light-independent reaction of photosynthesis takes inorganic carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and "fixes" it into organic carbon molecules. It does this over and over until it finally builds glucose or other simple carbohydrates.

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Golgi body

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins to be transported throughout the cell

Red blood cells, neurons, and muscle cells are all examples of cells that make up __________ organisms.

Multi-cellular

Compare and contrast the two types of cell transport. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.

NO ANSWER

Name and describe the effect of the three solutions associated with osmosis. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.

NO ANSWER

Which of the following are components of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply.)

NO ANSWER

Which of the following is not a cell activity powered by energy produced through cellular respiration?

Passive Transport

What process is represented by the equation? 6H20 + CO2 + Light --> C6H12O6 + O2

Photosynthesis

___ is the process that captures sunlight to make energy-storing sugars.

Photosynthesis

Which of the following is considered a beneficial (non-harmful) type(s) of bacteria?

Probiotics

Match the term with its definition: Respiration

Process of breaking down glucose to be used in our bodies for energy.

Match the term with its definition: Photosynthesis

Process of converting sunlight into glucose to be broken down for energy.

Which of the following is not true about ATP?

Produced in the nucleus

This is an example of a __________ cell. This can be concluded due to the presence of free-floating DNA, ribosomes, cilia, and flagella.

Prokaryotic

Match the term with the correct level or organization: Cells

Red Blood Cell

Match the term with its correct description: Sodium - Potassium pump

Requires energy to exchange sodium (NA) from inside the cell with Potassium (K) from outside the cell.

Which scientist coined the term cells?

Robert Hooke

Match the scientist to their contributions to the cell theory: Studied plants and concluded that they are made of cells.

Schleiden

Match the scientist to their contributions to the cell theory: Concluded that all living things are made of cells and cells are the basic unit of life.

Schwann

Match the scientist with the correct part of the cell theory he is credited with discovering: All living things are made of one or more cells

Schwann

Match the scientist with the correct part of the cell theory he is credited with discovering: The cell is the basic unit of life

Schwann

Match the scenario with the most appropriate type of microscope: The electron microscope

Scientists in a lab observing neurons at a high magnification.

Studying photosynthesis shows us how God provides for us at even the molecular level. What does Scripture encourage us to do in response to God's provisions, as mentioned in Matthew 6:28-34 ESV?

Scripture encourages us to not be anxious or worry about whether or not God will take care of us. If He is taking care of a single blade of grass, He will most definitely take care of us!

The cell membrane is _______ (or selectively permeable), meaning it controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell.

Semipermeable

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Chloroplast

Site of energy conversion found only in plant cells

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis; found free floating and attached

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Mitochondria

Stores and converts energy; often called the "powerhouse" of the cell

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Vacuole

Stores water and nutrients for cell use

Match the scenario with the most appropriate type of microscope: The compound light microscope

Students in a biology lab observing onion root cells.

Match the term with its correct description: Simple diffusion

Substances easily move across a cell membrane

Match the term with its correct description: Facilitated diffusion

Substances use the aid of a protein to move across a cell membrane

Match the term with the correct level or organization: Tissues

Tendons

Match the osmotic condition with its definition: Isotonic

The amounts of solutes on the inside and outside of the cell are equal.

Describe the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.

The cytoskeleton within a eukaryotic cell provides structural support for the cell. It also helps to transport organelles within the cell as well. It is made up of a bunch of tiny fibers made from protein.

Match the term with its correct description: Osmosis

The movement of water across a cell membrane

Match the organelle to the appropriate function: Cell Membrane

The outer layer of the cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Name and describe the 3 domains of living things. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.

The three domains of living things are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Archaea is a single-celled prokaryote that is best known for its ability to thrive in extreme environments. Bacteria is a single-celled prokaryote that can be very good for our bodies, or very bad for our bodies. Eukarya is the type of cell that we are made of as well as animals and plants.

Match the term with its description: ATP

Transfers energy to cell processes

Match the term with its correct description: Endocytosis

Type of active transport in which molecules move into the cell

Match the scientist to their contributions to the cell theory: Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Virchow

Match the scientist with the correct part of the cell theory he is credited with discovering: All cells come from existing cells

Virchow

Match the type of osmotic solution with its description: Hypotonic

Water moves in

Match the type of osmotic solution with its description: Isotonic

Water moves in and out

Match the type of osmotic solution with its description: Hypertonic

Water moves out

Which team of scientists experimented with lens types to create the first compound microscope?

Zaccharius and Hans Janssen